Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “NEOPLASM STATISTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Prognostic significance of CEA in colorectal cancer: a statistical study.

Pretreatment and serial posttreatment carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels were studied with respect to the course of disease in 222 patients with colorectal cancer. The CEA values during the subsequent six years were expressed in actuarial or cumulative plots in relation to tumour-free period, time of diagnosis of recurrence and other parameters. The pretreatment CEA value was highly significant but gave no more prognostic information than the Dukes classification. The pretreatment CEA had prognostic significance only in inoperable patients. Elevated pretreatment CEA did not exclude the possibility of curative treatment. Normalization of CEA after resection did not indicate completeness of cure. In patients with local or distant recurrences CEA occasionally rose before recurrences became clinically apparent. Positive lead time was 0-625 days. However, in about 40% of the patients clinical diagnosis of recurrence preceded a rise of CEA. Maximal negative lead time was 585 days. Statistically, recurrence without a rise of CEA was exceptional. The results strongly suggest that serial CEA determinations cannot replace physical examination and follow-up.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Classification of cancers for clinical use].

The clinical classification of cancers has become necessary along the past decades to optimize treatments according pronostic and to allow scientific exchanges among the medical oncology community. The TNM staging system, with the derivates classifications, and the use of pronostic models, is now universal and applied to almost all human neoplasms. Therefore, the classification of cancers is now become an evoluting instrument of long-term evaluation of neoplastic diseases as well as medical oncology practice.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Antimetastatic gene expression profiles mediated by retinoic acid receptor beta 2 in MDA-MB-435 breast cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: The retinoic acid receptor beta 2 (RARbeta2) gene modulates proliferation and survival of cultured human breast cancer cells. Previously we showed that ectopic expression of RARbeta2 in a mouse xenograft model prevented metastasis, even in the absence of the ligand, all-trans retinoic acid. We investigated both cultured cells and xenograft tumors in order to delineate the gene expression profiles responsible for an antimetastatic phenotype. METHODS: RNA from MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells transduced with RARbeta2 or empty retroviral vector (LXSN) was analyzed using Agilent Human 1A Oligo microarrays. The one hundred probes with the greatest differential intensity (p < 0.004, jointly) were determined by selecting the top median log ratios from eight-paired microarrays. Validation of differences in expression was done using Northern blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We determined expression of selected genes in xenograft tumors. RESULTS: RARbeta2 cells exhibit gene profiles with overrepresentation of genes from Xq28 (p = 2 x 10(-8)), a cytogenetic region that contains a large portion of the cancer/testis antigen gene family. Other functions or factors impacted by the presence of exogenous RARbeta2 include mediators of the immune response and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Thirteen of fifteen (87%) of the genes evaluated in xenograft tumors were consistent with differences we found in the cell cultures (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Antimetastatic RARbeta2 signalling, direct or indirect, results in an elevation of expression for genes such as tumor-cell antigens (CTAG1 and CTAG2), those involved in innate immune response (e.g., RIG-I/DDX58), and tumor suppressor functions (e.g., TYRP1). Genes whose expression is diminished by RARbeta2 signalling include cell adhesion functions (e.g, CD164) nutritional or metabolic processes (e.g., FABP6), and the transcription factor, JUN.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Common variation in EMSY and risk of breast and ovarian cancer: a case-control study using HapMap tagging SNPs.

BACKGROUND: EMSY could be involved in low-level susceptibility to breast and ovarian cancer. Gene amplification is seen in a proportion of breast and ovarian tumours and correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the EMSY protein silences a transcription activation domain in BRCA2 exon 3. METHODS: We used a genetic association study design to determine if common genetic variation (frequency > or = 5%) in EMSY was associated with breast or ovarian cancer risk in the British population. Haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (htSNPs) were selected from the HapMap database and genotyped using Taqman in two large study sets of white British women (n [breast set] = 2343 cases and 2284 controls, n [ovarian set] = 864 cases and 864 controls). HapMap data might be insufficient to tag genetic variation in EMSY comprehensively. We therefore screened the gene promoter and coding sequences with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography in order to identify additional SNPs that are most likely to be functional. RESULTS: HapMap data on 22 SNPs show that 4 htSNPs tag 4 common haplotypes: rs2282611 (5'up t > g), rs4245443 (IVS7 g > a), rs2513511 (IVS16 a > g), rs2155220 (3'down c > t). We observed no association between any of the genotypes or associated haplotypes and breast or ovarian cancer risk. Seventeen out of the 18 remaining HapMap polymorphisms (94%) were well tagged by the 4 selected htSNPs (r2s > 0.8). Genotype frequencies for two further SNPs identified by screening and located near exon-intron boundaries, rs2508740 (IVS9 a > g) and rs11600501 (IVS10 c > t), were also similar in cases and controls. In order to simulate unidentified SNPs, we performed the leave-one-out cross-validation procedure on the HapMap data; over 95% of the common genetic variation was well represented by tagging polymorphisms. We are therefore likely to have tagged any common, functional variants present in our population. CONCLUSION: We found no association between common genetic variation in EMSY and risk of breast or ovarian cancer in two large study sets of white British women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Trade-offs between survival and breast preservation for three initial treatments of ductal carcinoma-in-situ of the breast.

PURPOSE: To assess the trade-offs between survival and breast preservation of currently accepted approaches for ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) of the breast. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Decision analysis was performed using the Markov model of hypothetical cohorts of 55-year-old white women with nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities found to be DCIS. Strategies were breast-conserving surgery (BCS), BCS with 50-Gy radiation (RT) or initial mastectomy. Recurrence rates were derived from the published literature. Main outcomes were overall, breast cancer-free, and event-free survival plus years of both breasts preserved. RESULTS: Using the conditions defined in this model, the actuarial survival rates at 10 and 20 years were 91.7% and 74.1% for the initial mastectomy strategy, 91.0% and 72.1% for BCS plus RT, and 89.6% and 68.2% for BCS alone. At 20 years, the initial mastectomy strategy also had a greater breast cancer-free survival rate of 74.5%, compared with 63.3% for BCS plus RT, or 46.8% for BCS alone. However, BCS alone had the highest survival rate with both breasts preserved (64.2%) compared with BCS plus RT (56.0%) or initial mastectomy (0%). Of the breast-conserving strategies at 20 years, the breast event-free survival rate (no invasive cancer or DCIS) was greater for BCS plus RT (47.2%) compared with BCS alone (28.4%). Using just survival as the primary end point, mastectomy is the optimal strategy by a small margin. However, if quality-adjusted survival is at issue, mastectomy is the choice only if the yearly reduction in quality of life due to mastectomy is less than 1%. CONCLUSION: BCS with or without radiation compared with mastectomy as initial management of DCIS of the breast trades a slight decrease in survival rates for the value of breast preservation. This model should aid clinicians in matching treatments to their patients' preferences.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of mortality decline along with age and latent congenital defects.

Mortality from congenital anomalies is inversely proportional to age after the age of 1 year. The theory of congenital individual risk explains this mortality decline. The overall aim of this study is to test whether the theory describes mortality decline for all diseases within the first year of life and after the age of 1. Mortality decline along with age was analyzed in five countries and for all causes of death. The theory of congenital individual risk describes well the real mortality decline for all diseases except malignant neoplasms after the birth. Decline of mortality is due to the dying out of the more impaired individuals. Mortality decline with the first power of age results from the selection before the birth. It is dominant and the frequency of defects decreases proportionally to the value of individual risk of death. In the case of identically probable defects, the selection does not occur and mortality declines with the square of age. Congenital defects were also identified as a cause of death in the case of infectious diseases occurring before the age of 10. Mortality from malignant neoplasms is age-independent within the age period 1-20 years and, contrary to all other diseases, no small subpopulation with a significant individual risk was identified.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Predicting the incidence of malignant neoplasms in Cracow in the year 2000].

In connection with the data of the Cracov Tumor Registry concerning the 1970-1985 period and the population prognoses of the city of Cracov the expected incidence and the number of patients with most common malignant neoplasms in the year 2000 has been estimated. One can foresee the continuance of the decrease of the risk and incidence of malignant neoplasms of the stomach in both sexes and of cancer of the lung and breast in women. The incidence of malignant neoplasms in general as compared with the year 1985 will in the year 2000 increase by ca. 60% in men and by ca. 39% in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Radiation and epidemiological analysis for solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers who participated in recovery operations following the accident at the Chernobyl NPP.

This paper discusses the results of the analysis of the relationship between dose and solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers (males) who worked as liquidators after the Chernobyl accident. Information on this cohort of individuals is available at the regional center of Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry operating at the RF State Research Centre-Institute of Biophysics. Medical and dosimetric information on 8,654 persons 18-60 years of age with documented external radiation doses is used for the analysis. These data were gathered in the period from 1996 to 2001 and cover a total of 45,166.5 follow-up person-years. In the cohort under study, 179 solid cancers occurred during this period. The average age of liquidators at the time of exposure was 35.8 years, and the average dose as a result of the Chernobyl exposure was about 0.05 Sv. For an analysis of the dose-effect relationship (induction of radiation-induced malignant neoplasms) the statistical software EPICURE was used. The results of the analysis show that the cancer incidence in this cohort does not exceed cancer incidence in relevant age groups of the Russian population. The mean value of SIR for all cancer diseases was 0.88 (0.76, 1.02, 95% CI) for the whole period of follow-up. Risks for the induction of radiation-related cancer diseases were not statistically meaningful. Excess relative risk per 1 Sv was 0.95 (-1.52, 4.49, 95% CI).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism in human colorectal cancer.

Several studies indicate that local immunoregulation and associated cytokines have a putative role in the development of cancer. There is evidence that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) are critically involved with tumour progression. IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is known to down-regulate and limit the inflammatory response. Therefore we attempted to examine the influence of the known polymorphism of the IL-1Ra gene on the development of human colorectal cancer (CRC). The study included 125 patients with CRC and 134 controls. Variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in intron 2 of the IL-Ra gene was analysed by the polymerase chain reaction method. There was a significant difference in genotype distribution between CRC patients and controls (P=0.025) and also in allelic frequencies (P=0.012). In detail the carriage rate of allele 3 in CRC patients was significantly increased compared with controls (P=0.007). We also found that the allelic distribution differs significantly between colon and rectum (P=0.041) and that allele 3 was overabundant in colon. The frequency of allele 1 in CRC patients with localized disease (Dukes A+B) was higher compared with disseminated disease (Dukes C+D), (P=0.035). These findings therefore suggest that the IL-1Ra polymorphism is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Immunodiagnosis of colorectal cancer: clinical evaluation of Tennessee antigen (Tenagen).

Blood samples from 172 consecutive patients undergoing complete colon investigations to exclude colorectal cancer (CC) were examined for levels of Tennessee antigen, i.e., Tenagen (Tg), and carcinoembryonic antigen. Patients included 48 with CC, 34 with adenomatous polyps, 14 with colitis, and 76 with no organic mucosal disease. All patients were investigated by the one clinical and histopathology department. Laboratory estimations were performed blindly. Although there were some statistically significant differences among average values, the degree of overlap among the groups of patients precludes the practical application of Tg in the diagnosis of CC.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Soft tissue masses with "cyst-like" appearance on MR imaging: Distinction of benign and malignant lesions.

The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of MR imaging features in distinguishing between benign and malignant soft tissue masses that have a "cyst-like" appearance (hypointense to muscle on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted or fluid-sensitive MR sequences). MR imaging features of 40 patients with histologically proven soft tissue masses (27 benign and 13 malignant lesions) that were hypointense to muscle on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted or fluid-sensitive MR sequences were analysed to see if a distinction could be made between benign and malignant lesions. There were 23 females and 17 males (mean age, 56 years; age range, 23-82 years). MR imaging features analysed for statistical significance included lesion size, lesion homogeneity, presence of lobulation, depth in relation to fascia and border definition. Clinical assessment included the age and sex of the patient and location of the lesion. Statistically significant MR imaging features favouring a diagnosis of a malignant lesion included larger average dimension of the mass (P < or = 0.004), larger greatest dimension of the mass (P < or = 0.028) and heterogeneity of the lesion on T1-weighted sequences (P = 0.017). The most statistically significant predictor of malignancy was the larger average dimension of the mass.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Cancer mortality in Greece: where are we heading? A 20-year comparative study in four Greek counties.

AIM: Comparison of cancer mortality rates in four Greek counties during the decades 1979-1988 and 1989-1998 and drawing out of cause and effect relationships that could lead to organization of prevention programs. METHODS: We used the Wilcoxon-White test to statistically compare data between the two decades as well as between the four counties separately. RESULTS: We found that the total proportional mortality during the decade 1988-1998 significantly increased, compared to 1979-1988, in all counties we studied. We noted a statistically significant increase of the proportional mortality of organs of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum (W = 55, p < 0.001 for both decades), of the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs (W = 71, p = 0.009 for 1979-1988 and W = 55, p < 0.001 for 1988-1998) and the skin and breast (W = 136, p = 0.019 for 1979-1988) in Attiki compared to Thessaloniki. As far as Achaia and Trikala are concerned, we found a minor, though statistically significant increase of the proportional mortality of organs of the gastrointestinal tract and peritoneum (W = 78, p = 0.043), of the respiratory system and intrathoracic organs (W = 77, p = 0.035) and the skin and breast (W = 76, p = 0.029) during the decade 1988-1998. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were noted concerning the incidence rates between four different counties as well as between two different decades. Although genetic factors might partially explain our results, environmental factors seem to be the main culprits.

Greece↗
PubMed2003

Influence of trastuzumab on epirubicin pharmacokinetics in metastatic breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Anthracycline cardiotoxicity is increased by the contemporaneous administration of trastuzumab. The mechanism by which it occurs is as yet unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether trastuzumab modifies the pharmacokinetics of epirubicin and its metabolites. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer were treated with epirubicin 75 mg/m(2) i.v. bolus followed by docetaxel 75 mg/m(2) in a 1-h infusion, every 3 weeks for six cycles, and trastuzumab (once at 4 mg/m(2), then 2 mg/m(2) weekly thereafter) in a 30-min infusion. Epirubicin pharmacokinetic data of seven patients were evaluated at the first cycle of therapy (baseline, with trastuzumab administered 24 h after epirubicin), and at the sixth cycle (i.e. 15 weeks after baseline, with trastuzumab administered immediately before epirubicin). RESULTS: No pharmacokinetic change in the parent compound epirubicin was detected. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24 h)) was 1230 +/- 318 [mean +/- standard deviation (SD)] at the first cycle and 1287 +/- 385 h. micro g/l at the sixth. The mean (+/-SD) maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) and the terminal elimination half-life at the first cycle (1303 +/- 490 micro g/l and 12.5 +/- 3.1 h, respectively) were similar to those obtained at the sixth cycle (1229 +/- 580 micro g/l and 11.5 +/- 2.9 h, respectively). Pharmacokinetic data of epirubicin metabolites evaluated at the first and sixth cycle of chemotherapy were superimposable without any statistical difference. CONCLUSION: Enhanced anthracycline cardiotoxicity related to trastuzumab administration was not linked to pharmacokinetic interferences with epirubicin and its metabolites.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Clinical relevance of sonometry-derived tumour thickness in malignant melanoma--a statistical analysis.

High-frequency sonography has been shown to be a useful tool in planning operative strategy in the surgery of malignant melanoma (MM). The purpose of the present study was to compare sonometric and histometric data of tumour thickness in primary cutaneous MM, applying statistical methods in order to evaluate the pre-operative relevance of sonometry. The thickness of 259 melanomas was measured preoperatively by a 20-MHz B scan, and postoperatively by histometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and absolute and relative differences. Although the correlation between sonometry and histometry was good (r = 0.88), there was a mean difference of 0.39 mm (relative difference 28%). Overall, sonometry was in agreement with the corresponding histological classes in 75% of cases. However, tumours assessed by ultrasound as between 0.55 and 0.95 mm thick were incorrectly classified according to histology in 34%, and those between 1.30 and 1.70 mm were incorrectly classified in 50% of cases. Our data reveal greater differences between sonometry and histometry using appropriate statistical methods. A concept to assess differences between sonometry and histometry is recommended.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Carcinogenic activity of ethylene oxide and its reaction products 2-chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. I. Carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide in comparison with 1,2-propylene oxide after subcutaneous administration in mice (author's transl)].

Ethylene oxide is an important initial product for a number of organic compounds and, in addition, is used in the medical field for sterilization. The aim of our experiments was to test ethylene oxide and, as a comparative substance, 1,2-propylene oxide in respect to their cancerogenic effectiveness in animal experiments. Ethylene oxide was administered subcutaneously in three dosages (1.0; 0.3 and 0.1 mg single dosage per mouse) once per week to groups of 100 female NMRI mice respectively. In the case of 1,2-propylene oxide, four dosages were used (2.5; 1.0; 0.3 and 0.1 mg single dosage per mouse). The vehicle was tricaprylin. Administrations were carried out over a period of 95 weeks. The mean total dosage per mouse in the case of ethylene oxide amounted to 64.4; 22.7, and 7.3 mg and, in the case of propylene oxide, to 165.4; 72.8; 21.7 and 6.8 mg. Both substances induced local tumours depending upon the dosage. There were mostly fibrosarcomas. In the case of the groups treated with ethylene oxide the frequency was between 11 and 5% and in the case of the groups treated with 1,2-propylene oxide this was between 16 and 2%. The cancerogenic effect of ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide determined in animal experiments could, therefore, be confirmed statistically. On the basis of the results presented in this paper, new aspects have arisen for the medical evaluation of ethylene oxide residues in the field of manufacturing and use and in respect to the TLV.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

An in vivo trial comparing the clinical efficacy and complications of Q-switched 755 nm alexandrite and Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of nevus of Ota.

BACKGROUND: Q-switched 755 nm alexandrite (QS alex) and Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers are effective in the treatment of nevus of Ota. Our previous in vivo study indicated that patients better tolerate QS alex than QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. However, in terms of clinical efficacy and long-term complications, the study did not indicate which laser is superior. Although both machines may appear to be similar in effectiveness, the low number of treatment sessions may contribute to this apparent lack of difference. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and complications of QS 755 nm alex and QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG lasers in the treatment of nevus of Ota after three or more treatment sessions. METHOD: Forty patients were recruited for this study and all had received three or more laser treatment sessions with an interval of at least 2 months between each. Half of the lesion was treated with QS alex and the other half with QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. The degree of lightening was assessed subjectively by the patient using a visual analog scale and objectively by two independent clinicians. Patients were called back to be examined for evidence of complications. RESULTS: In terms of subjective degree of lightening, QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser was found to be significantly more efficacious than QS alex (P = 0.018). Both clinicians also found QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser to be more effective, but statistical significance was only detected in one, not both of their scores (P = 0.005 and 0.414 for observers 1 and 2, respectively). More patients that received QS Alex developed complications (4 for QS alex and 2 for QS Nd:YAG), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser appears to be more effective than QS alex in the lightening of nevus of Ota after three or more laser treatment sessions. However, the majority (55%) of the patients reported no differences in results between the two lasers, and only one of the two observers noted statistically significant improvement of QS 1064 nm Nd:YAG over QS alex.

Adolescent↗