Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Moral Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

cdc2 kinase sets a memory phosphorylation signal on elongation factor EF-1 delta during meiotic cell division, which perdures in early development.

EF-1 delta is a physiological substrate for cdc2 protein kinase in Xenopus oocytes. The protein is part of the nucleotide exchange factor EF-1 beta gamma delta, involved in the elongation step of protein synthesis. We show that EF-1 delta exists under four isoforms in the prophase oocyte, all phosphorylable by casein kinase II. Each of the prophase isoforms was further separated into a 36 and a 38 kDa form upon phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase which therefore reveals the existence of eight different isoforms. Phosphorylation by cdc2 kinase can be monitored as the electrophoretic mobility dedoublement 36/38 kDa. Developmental regulation of EF-1 delta was analyzed. The cdc2 kinase-induced change occures at meiotic division, after complete oogenesis and perdures during early development. It is therefore a phosphorylation memory signal for early development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Commercialization, patents and moral assessment of biotechnology products.

The biotechnology patent debates have revealed deep moral concerns about basic genetics research, R&D and specific biotechnological products, concerns that are seldom taken into consideration in Technology Assessment. In this paper important moral concerns are examined which appear at the various stages of development of a specific genetic product: a predictive genetic test. The purpose is to illustrate the need for a more contextual approach in technology assessment, which integrates the various forms of interaction between bio-technology and society or societal segments. Such an approach will generate greater insight in the moral issues at all stages of a product's life-cycle and this will facilitate decision-making on the 'morality' of a specific biotechnological product.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2006

Moral deliberation in psychiatric nursing practice.

Moral deliberation has been receiving more attention in nursing ethics. Several ethical conversation models have been developed. This article explores the feasibility of the so-called CARE (Considerations, Actions, Reasons, Experiences) model as a framework for moral deliberation in psychiatric nursing practice. This model was used in combination with narrative and dialogical approaches to foster discourse between various stakeholders about coercion in a closed admission clinic in a mental hospital in the Netherlands. The findings demonstrate that the CARE model provides a substantial framework for structuring moral deliberations. Narratives and dialogue are useful tools for broadening issues in conversations, to engage various stakeholders (including patients), and to gain shared understandings.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Hypnotic age regression and moral reasoning.

Moral reasoning was assessed with two dilemmas from the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview (1976) in 7 adults who were hypnotically age regressed to four ages: 15, 12, 9, and 6 years. Seven adults in a control group under task-motivation instructions were age regressed to the same ages and administered the dilemmas. Age-regressed moral maturity scores for both groups were compared to pretest scores, to data for actual 15-, 12-, 9-, and 6-year-olds from other studies, and to each other. Both groups were able to lower their moral reasoning scores when given age-regression instructions; however, hypnosis subjects not only scored lower than task-motivation subjects but also more closely resembled the levels of reasoning used by children at these ages. The results provide some support for a distinction between age regression through hypnosis and age regression through task-motivation instructions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Social policy and mental illness in England in the 1990s: violence, moral panic and critical discourse.

Violence perpetrated by people experiencing mental illness poses a continuing challenge to practitioners and policy makers in the mental health field. It has been suggested, however, that policy developments in England during the period 1990--2000 became unduly dominated by the perceived need to prevent such violence and in particular that a 'moral panic' occurred following a series of high profile homicides perpetrated by people experiencing mental illness. This paper critically examines the ability of the moral panic theory to offer a cogent explanation of the relationship between media representations, public perceptions and developments in both social policy and legislation during the last decade. Its conclusions, however, suggest that the evidence does not support assertions of a moral panic and that of moral panic theory itself has serious flaws. Ultimately the paper suggests that we must look elsewhere, particularly to Foucault's conceptualization of discourse and to the work of Birkland, an American political theorist, in our search for an understanding of the relationship between events, ideas and social policy.

Homicide↗
PubMed1987

The effect of chorioamnionitis on the developmental outcome of preterm infants at one year.

This report investigates the effect of chorioamnionitis on infant mental and psychomotor development at one year through the prospective study of 698 preterm pregnancies complicated by premature rupture of membranes and managed expectantly without antenatal corticosteroids or tocolytic agents. Ninety-two mothers (13%) developed chorioamnionitis, resulting in a statistically significant increase in neonatal mortality (25 versus 6%), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (62 versus 35%), intraventricular hemorrhage (56 versus 22%), and sepsis (28 versus 11%). A multidisciplinary team examined 43 surviving infants at corrected one year of life and measured their mental and psychomotor development by the Bayley scales. No statistically significant difference in outcomes was observed when their development was compared with that of a control group matched for birth weight, gestational age, severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, and severity of RDS.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1995

Moral distress of critical care nurses.

BACKGROUND: Constraint of nurses by healthcare organizations, from actions the nurses believe are appropriate, may lead to moral distress. OBJECTIVE: To present findings on moral distress of critical care nurses, using an investigator-developed instrument. METHODS: An instrument development design using consensus by three expert judges, test-retest reliability, and factor analysis was used. Study participants (N = 111) were members of a chapter of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, critical care nurses employed in a large medical center, and critical care nurses from a private hospital. A 32-item instrument included items on prolonging life, performing unnecessary tests and treatments, lying to patients, and incompetent or inadequate treatment by physicians. RESULTS: Three factors were identified using factor analysis after expert consensus on the items: aggressive care, honesty, and action response. Nurses in the private hospital reported significantly greater moral distress on the aggressive care factor than did nurses in the medical center. Nurses not working in intensive care experienced higher levels of moral distress on the aggressive care factor than did nurses working in intensive care. Of the 111 nurses, 12% had left a nursing position primarily because of moral distress. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mean scores showed somewhat low levels of moral distress, the range of responses revealed that some nurses experienced high levels of moral distress with the issues. Research is needed on conditions organizations must provide to support the moral integrity of critical care nurses.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Towards an ethics of immediacy. A defense of a noncontractual foundation of the care giver-patient relationship.

In this article, I argue that the relationship between patients and their health care providers need not be construed as a contract between moral strangers. Contrary to the (American) legal presumption that health care providers are not obligated to assist others in need unless the latter are already contracted patients of record, I submit that the presence of a suffering human being constitutes an immediate moral commandment to try to relieve such suffering. This thesis is developed in reference to the French philosopher Levinas and the Dutch theologian Schillebeeckx. An expanded version of the biblical parable of the Good Samaritan serves as test case.

Contracts↗
PubMed1994

An argument against the use of the concept of 'persons' in health care ethics.

This paper discusses the use of the concept of 'persons', and its related principle 'respect for persons', in health care ethics. It is suggested that the main use of the concept is in attempts to answer the questions: 'Who owes moral respect?' and 'To whom is it owed?'. An examination of different writers and their use of the concept of 'persons' show it to be unsuccessful in answering the first question, and dangerous and unacceptable in answering the second. Therefore, it is suggested the concept should not be used at all in health care ethics. An alternative idea is suggested, based on the work of Hursthouse (1992).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Reinventing the academic health center.

Academic health centers have faced well-documented internal and external challenges over the last decade, putting pressure on organizational leaders to develop new strategies to improve performance while simultaneously addressing employee morale, patient satisfaction, educational outcomes, and research growth. In the aftermath of a failed merger, new leaders of The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Milton S. Hershey Medical Center encountered a climate of readiness for a transformational change. In a case study of this process, nine critical success factors are described that contributed to significant performance improvement: performing a campus-wide cultural assessment and acting decisively on the results; making values explicit and active in everyday decisions; aligning corporate structure and governance to unify the academic enterprise and health system; aligning the next tier of administrative structure and function; fostering collaboration and accountability-the creation of unified campus teams; articulating a succinct, highly focused, and compelling vision and strategic plan; using the tools of mission-based management to realign resources; focusing leadership recruitment on organizational fit; and "growing your own" through broad-based leadership development. Outcomes assessment data for academic, research, and clinical performance showed significant gains between 2000 and 2004. Organizational transformation as a result of the nine factors is possible in other institutional settings and can facilitate a focus on crucial quality initiatives.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1988

AIDS education at the local level: the pragmatic issues.

Several documents have been published offering guidelines for implementing AIDS education. These documents generally cite the need for AIDS education, and identify issues and concerns inherent in planning AIDS education. Though such guidelines are beneficial in establishing the legitimate need for AIDS education, the information provided does not address the pragmatic issues involved in planning and implementing AIDS education at the local level. This article recommends approaches for addressing five pragmatic issues at the local level: formalizing an AIDS education policy, addressing concerns about morality, placement of AIDS instruction within comprehensive health education, formulation of a curriculum development model, and relating to the local news media.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Separation-survivability--the elusive moral cut-off point?

Act 92 of 1996, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, seeks to promote female autonomy. The Act makes no reference to the nature of the abortus--implying its moral insignificance. Utilitarian arguments on the value of life strongly support this position. Utilitarians argue that neither belonging to the human species, nor possession of the potential to develop into a person, is a significant intrinsic characteristic in determining the value of life. For them the entrance requirement to any conception of moral significance is sentience--the ability to suffer. Full moral significance is only accorded to 'persons'. A person is someone who has attained a sufficient level of self-awareness to have an interest in the continuance of its existence. This develops some time after birth. 'Conservatives' argue for conception as the moral cut-off point after which termination is morally unacceptable; 'liberals' hold that there is no such prenatal point. Both of these notions are problematic, as is the notion of sentience. We argue that separation-survivability is the only morally acceptable cut-off point, based on four premises, viz. (i) a particular notion of potentiality; (ii) the inextricable, mutual relationship between human beings and their world (without either, the other cannot exist); (iii) the moral correspondence of the viable fetus and the neonate; and (iv) the moral unacceptability of infanticide. We support a graded position on the value of prenatal human life, and a 'moderate' stance on termination--that notwithstanding possessing some moral significance, other arguments may trump this up to the point of separation-survivability. This seriously problematises 'partial birth' abortion, and the utilitarian argument on the value of life.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a positive youth development scale in Hong Kong.

The development of the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS) is outlined in this paper. The CPYDS assesses 15 aspects of positive youth development, including bonding, resilience, social competence, emotional competence, cognitive competence, moral competence, behavioral competence, self-determination, self-efficacy, spirituality, positive view of the future, positive self-identity, prosocial involvement, prosocial norms, and recognition for positive behavior. Based on a Well Adjustment Group (N=162) and a Poor Adjustment Group (N=264), the present findings showed that the CPYDS and its subscales possess acceptable internal consistency. Except the Self-Efficacy Subscale, the CPYDS total and subscale scores were able to discriminate the two groups. While the CPYDS total and subscale scores were positively related to thriving, wellness assessment and life satisfaction measures, they were negatively related to substance abuse, delinquency, and behavioral intention to engage in problem behavior. The present findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the CPYDS to assess positive youth development in the Chinese culture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1970

[Not Available].

A review is made of deontology in the history of Russian medicine. On the basis of extensive case material, the author traces up a number of general moral and ethical virtues, formed in the course of historical development of Russian medicine. Numerous examples are cited of self-denying service, fulfulled doctor's duty and self-sacrificing in the course of investigating various, threatening the health of people, diseases. The author makes an attempt to substantiate the social necessity of deontology and to help arming the modern generations of medical workers with the virtues of the progressive physicians of the past. He deals with some actual problems in the practice of socialist health services in the Soviet Union.

Altruism↗
PubMed2006

The power of ethics: a case study from Sweden on the social life of moral concerns in policy processes.

In this paper I report on an ethnographic study of an ethics policy developed by a start-up genomics company at the time it gained all commercial rights to a population-based biobank in the town of Umeå in northern Sweden. Tracing the interdependencies between power and morality, my research compares moral reflections and stances among 1) policymakers, 2) health professionals and 3) donors, in relation to the issues identified in the policy. These people seem to agree that trust and fairness are important issues and that 'something' needs protection in the face of commercial genetic research. However, their perceptions of trust, fairness and what it is that needs protection differ significantly. I conclude by considering the implications of variances in moral perspectives for the social study of ethics.

Anthropology, Cultural↗
PubMed2002

Embryonic signals and survival.

The objective of this review is to give an overview of the signaling mechanisms between the conceptus and the mother before implantation. The interactions between the embryo and uterus are complex and essential for normal embryo development and implantation. Problems in the signaling mechanisms are thought to play a significant role in early embryonic mortality since a high rate of embryonic morality occurs during this period. This review will focus on the mechanisms involved in the development of the conceptus and the prevention of luteolysis. It is based primarily on what is known in ruminants but also refers to work in other species such as the mouse and primates.

Animals↗