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PubMed1996

Phenomena of resistance in modern group analysis.

The development of the concept of resistance is briefly traced. The contributions of Spotnitz and his coworkers to the broadening of the concept of the Modern Analytic approach of supporting and resolving reistance are delineated. The ways in which resistance is modified in the group setting are presented and illustrated by clinical vignettes of members resolving each other's individual resistances and engaging in group resistance. Group destructive resistances are identified and guidelines for minimizing their impact are offered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1995

Role of modern imaging technology in the implementation of pediatric cochlear implants.

Since 1989, 40 patients have received cochlear implants in our institution. Over the past 2 years, 17 children among these patients have undergone radiographic assessment combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scanning. Imaging is not essential, and is only used after assessment by a multidisciplinary team. However, the imaging results influence the choice of implant, and sometimes the side to be implanted. The first study is always CT, as it detects congenital abnormalities, and for children with a history of bacterial meningitis, it can detect signs of labyrinthine ossification that contraindicates or complicates cochlear implantation. These signs are not always visible with tomodensitometry, especially when fibrosis within the canal has not yet ossified. This examination also provides for postoperative confirmation of implant position in case of failure or complication. Over the past 3 years, MRI has been combined with tomodensitometry, especially with children having a history of meningitis. This examination provides a basis for evaluating the liquid nature of the labyrinth. A GE Signa 1.5-T unit was used by the authors, employing sequences of volumetric acquisition (steady state free precision with 1.5-mm image slices and an angle of 15 degrees to 35 degrees). Hence, modern imaging plays an important role when the decision to implant has already been made, particularly in the case of profoundly deaf children. We always use MRI in combination with a CT scanner in children with a history of meningitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Temporal acculturation and mental health in modern Ireland.

BACKGROUND: Research on geographic acculturation has demonstrated an association between the sort of acculturation strategy adopted by migrants and their mental health status. However, there have been no studies of the relationship between temporal acculturation--attempts to adapt to change within the same society over time--and mental health. METHOD: We explored the relevance of Berry's bidimensional framework of acculturation, to perceptions of social change within Ireland over the last 10 years, in a sample of 735 members of the general public. RESULTS: There was a significant relationship between temporal acculturation strategy and mental health. An acculturation strategy of assimilating into 'modern' Ireland was associated with significantly better mental health than an ambivalent acculturation strategy. CONCLUSIONS: This is a first exploration of the relationship between temporal acculturation and mental health. While models of geographic acculturation are relevant to temporal acculturation, we have also identified a new category of acculturation strategy, ambivalence, as being associated with the poorest mental health outcomes.

Acculturation↗
PubMed2002

Not modern-day body-snatching: the response of the public.

At recent presentations on the history of anatomy in the West of Scotland, our group has been asked whether we would regard the revelations of 1999-2001 about organ retention as a modern form of body-snatching. We have compared newspaper reports of the Glasgow Herald from 1823 to 1832, the decade prior to the Anatomy Act of 1832, and the Herald, Sunday Herald and Evening Times from 1999 to 2001. Clearly body-snatchers appropriated whole corpses while the recent troubles concerned individual organs. Body-snatching was illegal while the crisis over organ retention arose from differing expectations between the medical profession and the public. Both practices caused huge public concern and distress to relatives. There are, however, interesting differences between the two sets of reports. The public had been aware of body-snatching for many years prior to the Anatomy Act, which regulated the supply of cadavers, whereas revelations about organ retention came as a shock. In the organ retention crisis, the parents of the children were more organised in supporting each other and in campaigning for change than were the public in the days of the resurrectionists.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed2001

Mental health problems in a population without a previous modern psychiatric care system.

Despite the recognized role of traditional healers in helping patients with mental health problems, there is a need for modern mental healthcare facilities in Africa. When made available, these are used by the local population, but less by those at remote locations. Data from the SOSAME centre indicate the high prevalence of mental diseases, especially in urban population and during the active decades of life. To decrease the burden imposed on mental health institutions by patients consulting for non-mental problems, it is desirable to integrate these institutions with the other components of the healthcare system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of high-intensity power-frequency electric fields on implanted modern multiprogrammable cardiac pacemakers.

The effect on an implanted, multiprogrammable pacemaker of power-frequency (50 Hz) electric fields up to an intensity (unperturbed value measured at 1.7 m) of 20 kV/m were assessed in ten paced patients. Radiotelemetric monitoring of the electrocardiogram allowed supervision of the electrocardiogram throughout exposure to the alternating electric field. Displacement body currents of up to 300μA were achieved depending on the position and height of the patient. None of the pacemakers was inhibited, triggered or reverted to fixed rate operation during the exposure. The programmable functions, programmability or output characteristics were not affected. Small changes in cardiac rate and rhythm elicited the correct pacemaker responses. Unlike earlier models of pacemaker, this modern implanted pacemaker, which represents `the state of the art', is not affected by 50 Hz electric fields likely to be encountered when standing underneath power lines.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Science and statistical victim: modernizing knowledge in breast implant litigation.

The advent of mass torts in US federal courts in the latter third of the 20th century accelerated a process of modernization in an institution that was unprepared for standardized approaches to dispute resolution. Faced with large-scale technological disasters, in particular, courts struggled to reform both their procedures and their fact-finding approaches in order to deal with multiple claimants in consolidated proceedings. Using silicone gel breast implant litigation as a case study, this paper argues that the attempt to marry judicial concerns for individual justice with administrative concerns for speed, efficiency and economy has produced anomalous results. The testimony of the clinician and the victim has become less relevant as judicial remedies take account of injuries done to classes of plaintiffs. Subjective claims about the body are subordinated to statistical correlations between exposure and grouped complaints. At the same time, the transfer of fact-finding authority from juries to judges under new evidentiary rules has privileged the judiciary's lay knowledge and experience over that of the jury. While these transformations may hasten the processing of cases, the paper questions whether the courts can legitimately take on board the issues of risk and social justice in contemporary industrial societies.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed2003

Marital violence in a martial town: husbands and wives in early modern Portsmouth, 1653-1781.

Sessions papers from early modern Portsmouth survive from 1653 on and are nearly continuous for eighty-five years, that is, from 1696 to 1781. They include 356 cases of wife beating in addition to 7,658 other assaults; as such, the town's records allow for a comparison of the violent behavior of individual wife beaters both inside and outside of their marriages. These comparisons suggest that assaults on wives were more severe than assaults on strangers and acquaintances: not only were many wives assaulted on several occasions before lodging a complaint, the attacks themselves often resulted in greater injury, reflecting (1) a greater tendency to use potentially lethal weapons and (2) a differential in strength between most husbands and wives. The motives of individual wife beaters are less clear; what can be said with certainty is that wife beatings, like assaults in general, tended to rise whenever soldiers were demobilized and men were either unemployed or underemployed.

Domestic Violence↗
PubMed1996

The family, love, and suicide in early modern Geneva.

Analysis of criminal proceedings and death records for early modern Geneva reveals an explosion in suicides after 1750. New attitudes toward courtship, marriage, and the familly contributed to this dramatic increase, as unprecedented numbers of people took their lives because of family concerns, such as marital breakdown, unhapppy love stories, and deaths of family members. Greater interest in the companionate marriage was central to these changes. After 1750, marriage, even more than parenthood, offered immunity to suicide, as married people were underrepresented among those who took their lives. Although men constituted the large majority of suicides, women and men shared the growing emphasis on conjugal sentiment, which cut across class lines.

Courtship↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injury potential in modern ice hockey.

The majority of the damaging forces to the soft tissue, bone, and articular joint structures of modern hockey players during the energetic activities involved in the game are attributable to impact action during high-speed motion. In addition, non-contact musculoligamentous injuries are common because of the complex forces that are involved. The injury potential of this sport is assessed indirectly from the force and motion involved. The experimental method of measuring the kinematic motion and the impact forces inherent to the sport are presented. Although hockey is a fast and furious game with high injury potential, fortunately the number of serious injuries is not as great as one might expect.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neurapraxia of the femoral nerve in a modern dancer.

We have presented a case of an acute onset femoral nerve neurapraxia in a pure modern dancer. Repeated mild stretching of the femoral nerve during an established dance routine over a period of several months is implicated as the etiology. The thigh muscles quickly weakened, but regained strength within 3 months. Electromyographic evidence of specific femoral nerve injury initially was negative, but was evident 6 weeks following injury. Overuse syndrome in dancers can cause rapid loss of strength. Other conditions such as herniated intervertebral disc, acute hemorrhage, trauma, iliopsoas rupture, and acute stretching must be ruled out. Complete recovery was the natural outcome.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1989

The 40 year evolution of the first modern day hospital.

The first modern psychiatric day hospital founded over 40 years ago has gone through a number of re-organizations which reflect utilization patterns representative of day hospitals in general. The author traces chronologically the dynamic movement from self-contained settings emphasizing group integration to expanded structures providing individualized treatment approaches. The day hospital's unique location at the interface of the institution and the community has important implications for today's mental health policy.

Day Care, Medical↗
PubMed2001

Stormwater run-off and pollutant transport related to the activities carried out in a modern waste management park.

Stormwater run-off from twelve different areas and roads has been characterized in a modern waste disposal site, where several waste management activities are carried out. Using nonparametric statistics, medians and confidence intervals of the medians, 22 stormwater quality parameters were calculated. Suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, as well as run-off from several areas, showed measured values above standard limits for discharge into recipient waters--even higher than those of leachate from covered landfill cells. Of the heavy metals analyzed, copper, zinc and nickel were the most prevalent, being detected in every sample. Higher concentrations of metals such as zinc, nickel, cobalt, iron and cadmium were found in run-off from composting areas, compared to areas containing stored and exposed scrap metal. This suggests that factors other than the total amount of exposed material affect the concentration of metals in run-off, such as binding to organic compounds and hydrological transport efficiency. The pollutants transported by stormwater represent a significant environmental threat, comparable to leachate. Careful design, monitoring and maintenance of stormwater run-off drainage systems and infiltration elements are needed if infiltration is to be used as an on-site treatment strategy.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1988

Modern biotechnology: a review of current regulatory status and identification of research and regulatory needs.

Modern biotechnology encompasses many technologies. The one that has generated the most public interest is that of genetic engineering. The field has advanced dramatically since the early 1970's, when concern was so high that a moratorium was declared on research using recombinant DNA. Today there are numerous products such as human growth hormone, interferon and monoclonal antibody diagnostic kits on the market. Despite the obvious benefits of these products, there are still concerns over the environmental application of genetically engineered organisms. Many countries have assessed their existing legislation to ascertain its adequacy to regulate such intended releases. Numerous international organizations are becoming involved as well, and optimistically, regulations that are being developed in various countries may be harmonized. These activities have identified several areas where more information is required, including microbial taxonomy and classification, pathogenicity in target and non-target species, environmental behavior and risk assessment processes. Consensus at this time appears to be that our predictive capabilities are still developing and that new organisms should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed1992

Modern wound dressings: a systematic approach to wound healing.

The advent of modern wound care management constitutes one of the most innovative applications of medical device technology. The foundation for wound care recent advances has been built upon the developments achieved in polymer technology over the last three decades. New and unique materials have been engineered to provide properties with significant technical and clinical benefits. These new wound care products were made possible by the convergence of three interrelated disciplines: (1) more complete understanding of the underlying principles of dermal wound healing processes, (2) new elastomeric polymers capable of being fabricated into protective dressings, and (3) advances in breathable adhesive technology. The following discussion provides a critical review of the current status of technology and the worldwide opportunities for improved wound management products. Particular attention is focused on the clinical applications of the newer, breathable dressing products, which approximate a temporary synthetic artificial skin.

Bandages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor necrosis in pediatric osteosarcoma: impact of modern therapies.

Tumor necrosis following preoperative chemotherapy in patients with osteosarcoma is a predictor of overall survival. With modern therapies, 45% of patients are expected to achieve more than 90% tumor necrosis. Investigators at the authors' center, however, increasingly noted that patients were experiencing inferior necrosis responses. A retrospective study of treated patients at the center was undertaken to examine this. The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether the number of patients with favorable histological responses had changed over time and (2) whether the percentage of patients with favorable responses was similar to published outcomes. Chart reviews were performed on patients treated from 1993 to 2003 according to the Pediatric Oncology Group 9351, regimen A protocol. Twenty-one patients met all eligibility requirements; 52% of patients had more than 90% necrosis. No correlation existed between degree of necrosis and year of treatment (r = 0.06; P = .8). Patients with osteosarcoma treated at the authors' institution have comparable tumor necrosis responses to published outcomes, and no change occurred over time. This study stresses the importance of rigorous retrospective reviews before implementing treatment changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Creative response to alternative medicine: clients of a modern Finnish healer in a northwestern Ontario city.

Antti Auttaja is a Finnish Canadian businessman who practices alternative medicine in a northwestern Ontario city. His healing method involves pressing his hands and fingers firmly but gently on the feet, wrists, stomach, chest, and other bodily areas of his clients, who recline on their backs on the floor, with pillows propped under their head and knees. His clients respect him and his healing ability, and as the questionnaire and interview data presented in this article clearly show, they feel he has helped them enhance their quality of life in a way that is unique to him and very special to them. He exemplifies a holistic healer working along the periphery of the modern biomedical system. His practice exemplifies the alternative medicine category of the domain of nonconventional medicine.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2005

Predictors of men's acceptance of modern contraceptive practice: study in rural Vietnam.

Studies have shown family planning adoption is likely to be more effective for women when men are actively involved. The transtheoretical model of behavior change was used to examine men's involvement in general contraception and intrauterine device (IUD) use by their wives. The study was carried out in rural Vietnam with 651 eligible participants. Cons of IUD use for men in precontemplation and contemplation/preparation were significantly higher than those in the action/maintenance stages, whereas the reverse was true for pros of IUD. The self-efficacy for convincing wife to have IUD in precontemplation was significantly lower than for those in higher stages. Women's education and ages, spontaneous recall of modern contraceptive method, cons for IUD, and self-efficacy for contraception and for convincing wives to get IUD inserted (or continue use) were significant predictors of men's readiness to accept IUD. Interventions are targeted to reduce cons and increase self-efficacy for IUD use.

Adult↗