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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Optimal air conditioning in the classrooms of secondary schools as a factor of improving health status of schoolchildren].

Proceeding from the analysis and statistical processing of the data derived during the study of health dynamics of junior schoolchildren, who studied during an academic year under the conditions of different air exchange regimes (20 and 40 m3 of air per hr/child), it was established that indoor air medium formed by air supply of 40 m3 per hr/child (compared to 20 m3) even during a year had a favorable impact on the functional state of some body systems and prevalence of acute diseases among schoolchildren.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of smoking on body resistance in an enclosed environment].

Cigarette smoking in an enclosed environment produces a distinct unfavorable effect on infection resistance, reduces exercise tolerance and increases the morbidity rate. Smoking-induced decline of infection resistance manifests as inhibition of the level of defence reactions and decline of intracellular digestion. Disorders in the cellular component of nonspecific protection are aggravated by changes in antimicrobial resistance of the skin and local macrophagal immunity of the lungs. All this increases the general and infectious morbidity rate of smokers in an enclosed environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The ergonomic and physiological hygiene characteristics of the working conditions on the new Volgar' crawler tractor].

A cab and operator's workplace on a caterpillar tractor of the traction class 3 DT-175C called Volgar' has a number of constructive disadvantages, i.e., lack of correspondence of some ergonomic parameters with permissible values. Constructive disadvantages of the workplace cause forced bent, asymmetric work posture of a tractor driver which, combined with uneven distribution of the work load on the locomotor system, specify the appearance of hand ache and pain in the small of driver's back along with deterioration of the functional state of the nervous muscular system (hand and back muscular force).

Agriculture↗
PubMed1989

[Hygienic and ergonomic analysis of the technology for sinking main and subsidiary mine shafts].

The labour conditions in mine shafts do not correspond to the existing ergonomic and hygienic norms. Drilling and blasting techniques are most hazardous as to the gravity and duration of the factors involved. Working conditions normalization should be based on the elaboration of specifically innovative technologies which should envisage the workers' periodic staying in the mine shaft area during the work shift.

Coal Mining↗
PubMed1989

[Hygienic assessment of working conditions for schoolchildren at video terminals during their academic studies].

Proceeding from the studies on the conditions of schoolchildren's work with video terminals during school lessons there was developed a complex of hygienic measures aimed at reduction of impact of factors specified by the work with video terminals and by anthropogenic pollution. Requirements to design of classrooms equipped by video terminals were listed and optimal and permissible ergonomic characteristics of the workplace established along with air temperature and humidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Questionnaire survey in the study of working conditions of machine operators in the agriculture].

A questionnaire survey was undertaken among machine operators in order to determine unfavourable occupational factors, fatigue degree, burden and intensity of labour, capacity for work and their health state. It was established that working conditions had certain influence on operators' organism. The relationship of their body effect on anthropometric data, age and length of service was demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the effect of a single dose of ammonia on lettuce photosynthesis in a hermetically sealed phytotron].

The threshold of the phytotoxic effect (PTE) of ammonia at a concentration of 10 to 20 mg/m3 on 28-day lettuce plants was evaluated during a single 2-hour exposure. The rate of Hill's reaction, level of energization of chloroplast membranes during leaf illumination as well as visible photosynthesis of lettuce plants from the beginning of fumigation to vegetation day 31 were recorded. Similar changes in the above parameters induced by ammonia were seen. This suggests that photosynthesis was inhibited already at light stages. As a measure of PTE, 10 per cent decrease of the photosynthetic productivity of plants exposed to fumigation was recommended in comparison with controls during the vegetation period. According to this measure, the PTE of ammonia amounted to 20 mg/m3 in the above experimental conditions.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1989

[The working conditions of microscope operators and the ways for their sanitary improvement in the manufacture of microelectronic devices].

The investigation of microelectronic devices showed that the working conditions of microscope operators in general satisfy the sanitary and hygienic requirements with the exception of lighting of places of work and the conditions of objects' illumination in the field of microscope view, this being the main reason of visual fatigue. The earliest and most distinct fatigue signs involve the changes in color discrimination acuity, adaptation time to darkness, response time to light stimulus. The measures intended for optimization of working conditions of microscope operators are proposed.

Electronics↗
PubMed1989

[Characteristics of the physiological functions in the operators of foundry transfer lines in the course of the work day and week].

The correlation analysis covered the state of the cardiovascular, hemodynamic, thermoregulatory, vegetative nervous systems, the characteristics of strength, endurance, attention, readiness to action among operators of transfer foundry lines during working days and weeks. It was shown that the main physiologic changes occurred at the initial stage, i. e., on the first day before the dinner break. To the end of the working week correlational links were established among temperature, arterial pressure, characteristics of strength, endurance, the time necessary for response and attention, thus higher intensity of the thermoregulatory system functioning being evidenced.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

[Function of the respiratory system in miners with chronic regional hypobaric hypoxia and hypothermia].

The role of meteotropic factors (low atmospheric pressure and cold climate) in the development of functional disorders of respiratory system was studied for miners of the North-East region of the USSR. Regularities in forming external respiration dysfunctions during adaptation of migrating population and development of dust pathology are demonstrated. It was found that general adaptation syndrome in miners exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia and hypothermia is characterized by development of hyperventilation syndrome, leading to increase in dust load and moderate mobilization of respiratory tissue. Early failure of compensatory processes and forming of marked hyperventilation syndromes, an increase in pulmonary elastic draught and mobilization of respiratory tissue are observed in dust pathology in the analyzed conditions.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary ergonomic assessment of the work sites and living conditions for the crew on board the new t/h Ignacy Daszyński series of merchant ships].

The author describes the new merchant ship series B545-OT, built at the Szczecin shipyard. The preliminary appraisal of this vessel was made during the trial trip in November 1987. The experimented ship is a universal and very modern cargo boat, type B545-OT, which meets the requirements of the international conventions with respect to the prevention of sea pollution by ships. As regards its construction and equipment, the vessel complies with all conditions and international conventions on safety, as well as on health and environment protection. A control and actuation system centralized in the engine-room assures the functioning without a direct supervision. The automatic functioning of mechanisms is followed-up by means of a computed alarm system. The living-rooms, the recreation spaces, the cabins, which secure to the crew comfortable conditions on the ship, are built in a modern style. Less successfully was solved the placement of the kitchen, the dining-room and the larder on the upper deck, near the entrance to the engine-room, entailing thus the danger of steam penetration from the latter. The conditioned air assures in the cabins and living-rooms a temperature of +20 degrees C and a relative humidity of 40-60 per cent. The designers and builders have not used all the possibilities of lowering the intensity of noise.

Ergonomics↗
PubMed1989

[Indoor climate as a cause of health complaints. A review].

Energy conservation, insufficient ventilation and introduction of new building materials are accompanied by increasingly frequent complaints of increasingly frequent mucosal irritation, headache and lethargy among occupants, commonly called "sick building syndrome". Infections and toxic allergic reactions may be caused by infected humidifiers. The article includes a review of symptoms and causes. Many of the complaints can be prevented. Combined efforts by medical and technical personnel are necessary in diagnosing and solving indoor climatic problems.

Climate↗