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PubMed1990

Craniomandibular stiffness toward maximum mouth opening in healthy subjects: a clinical and experimental investigation.

A new technique for measuring craniomandibular stiffness during mouth opening to the border position was tested. A small force transducer and a jaw tracking device were used to calculate the stiffness in a healthy group of male and female students. Simultaneous EMG recordings were taken from the masticatory muscles to observe the EMG activity during the experimental tests. The craniomandibular stiffness curves of the male group exhibited a stiffer behavior than those of the female group (P less than 0.05). The clinically obtained "endfeel" distance exhibited a significant correlation with different stiffness sections in the stiffness curves (P less than 0.05). Enhanced muscular involvement during mouth opening to the border position was shown as an increase in the clinical endfeel distance.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1990

[The study on salivary clearance in children. 3. The volume of saliva in the mouth before and after swallowing].

Several kinds of substances such as acids and bacterial toxins diffuse from dental plaque into the salivary film which moves slowly between the plaque on the teeth and oral mucosa. The volume of saliva retained in the mouth before and after swallowing seem to be very important with respect to clearance of such substances from plaque. In 30 subjects, five-year-old children of each gender, the volume of saliva in the mouth after swallowing (X) could be computed by measuring the potassium concentration in unstimulated saliva and in the expectorate after a five-second rinse with 3 ml of water immediately following a swallow. The volume of saliva normally swallowed was calculated from the unstimulated salivary flow rate and the normal swallowing frequency. The volume of saliva before swallowing (Y) was calculated as the total of (X) plus the volume normally swallowed. The unstimulated salivary flow-rate was 0.22 +/- 0.14 ml/min, the mean values of (X) and (Y) were 0.38 +/- 0.11 ml and 0.50 +/- 0.15 ml, respectively, and there were no significant differences in these values based on gender. These values were about half the values of those parameters in adults (Lagerlöf and Dawes, 1985), and insertion in the computer program (Dawes, 1983) of these values suggested that sugar clearance in the five-year-old children would be slightly faster than in adults.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Foot-and-mouth disease vaccine damage or thallium poisoning in cattle (expert opinion)].

Some days after vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease a high degree of salivation, trembling of the muscles, colic, hyperemization of the mucosa of the mouth, extreme thirst, and losing of hairs at the end of the tail occurred in cattle. The cause of these symptoms seems not to be the vaccination, but the content of thallium in silage (41 mg/kg) fresh matter, which was bought from abroad. The diagnosis was confirmed by analysis of thallium in several organs (liver, kidney, muscles).

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Infestation of cattle by the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, does not affect serological responses to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine.

A comparison of the serological responses of tick-free and tick-infested cattle following inoculation with the Botswana SAT 2 foot-and-mouth disease vaccine indicated that infestation by the brown ear tick, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, did not affect serological responses to the vaccine. This finding implies that infestation by this tick species is unlikely to influence immunity following routine inoculation against foot-and-mouth disease in tick endemic areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of a hypertonic medium on cell susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].

The influence of hypertonic medium on the relationship between two cell clones of IB-RS-2 swine line and the foot-and-mouth disease virus was studied. Although the number of infected cells was increased by the cell treatment with the hypertonic medium, before or during the time of virus adsorption and penetration onto the cells, showed by the plaque number, the viral replication was partially inhibited as showed by the plaque size as by the viral yield in one-cycle of infection. On the other hand, the cell treatment with that medium after virus adsorption and penetration time inhibited as the plaque number and size as the yield of the foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A. Genetic markers of clones obtained from 4 strains isolated in Argentina between 1961 and 1970].

The results obtained studying the genetic markers g, t and rtc of different clones of subtypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus type A are presented in this paper. The subtypes were isolated during outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Argentine. No significative differences among the subtypes were observed with the t marker. For the other markers, the results seem to indicate a gradual change related with the serological variation. Because of their sensibility to guanidine hidrochloride, it is possible to conclude that the studied clones do not belong to the so called European strains.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of bovine cell lines and susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus].

Morphology and chromosomes of cell sublines derived from two new bovine kidney lines are reported. Cell susceptibility to the foot-and-mouth disease virus is discussed. One of the sublines showed epithelial-like cells, while the remainder, elonged fibroblastic-like cells. Most of them had a diploid number of chromosomes. From these sublines only one was sensible to the foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus-neutralizing idiotypes from immune bovine and swine with anti-murine idiotype antibody probes.

Rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies (a-IdAb) induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) neutralizing mAb were used as probes to identify anti-FMDV Id in immune serum from bovine and swine. In a competitive RIA, at least two of the a-IdAb exhibited a dose-dependent capacity to compete with labeled virus for anti-FMDV antibodies from a convalescent bovine serum. These a-IdAb were immobilized on activated Sepharose and used to isolate anti-viral Id from bovine, swine, and murine FMDV immune sera. Both the bovine and swine antibodies recovered from the a-IdAb/Sepharose columns reacted with virus, and to a lesser extent with corresponding mAb-resistant virus variants. The binding of affinity isolated bovine and swine antibodies to virus was specifically inhibited by the homologous a-IdAb, and in addition, both were capable of neutralizing FMDV in suckling mouse protection and plaque reduction neutralization assays. Therefore, by means of a-IdAb probes generated against FMDV murine Id, two neutralizing Id were identified in bovine and swine. These results suggest that FMDV-neutralizing epitopes recognized by murine systems play a role in the overall immunity of foot-and-mouth disease-susceptible animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of fluoride-containing tooth paste on dental plaque and on fluoride level in the mouth].

Various kinds of fluoride have been used for a long time and there are many reports concerning fluorides and their effects. Recently, the caries-inhibiting action of fluoride-containing tooth paste has been given much attention. In this study, I tried to clarify the residual time and amount of fluoride derived from the fluoride-containing tooth paste in the mouth, as well as to assess possible variation in bacterial composition in the dental plaque bacteriologically and biochemically. In the study on the fluoride clearance from the mouth, both 1.0 g and 0.5 g of paste showed the same reduction rates; and about an 80% reduction was recognized between the value at 3 minutes and that at 30 minutes, and about a 40% reduction from the 30-minute to the 60-minute interval. Next, a study on the variation in plaque bacteria was carried out. The total number of the CFU on each plate was not different between samples obtained before and after the use of the tooth paste; moreover, no difference was noted between aerobic and anaerobic culture. However, when plaque before and after brushing with fluoride-containing tooth paste were cultured in 10% sucrose solution, the differences of acid production such as lactic acid, acetic acid, and formic acid were demonstrated. Namely, these acid productions were inhibited after the use of fluoride, especially lactic acid was strongly inhibited. On the other hand, when Str. mutans from the plaque obtained after the use of fluoride-containing tooth paste was cultured in fluoride-free BHI broth, the inhibition of acid from carbohydrates was not shown clearly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Effect of aerobic exercise on mouth-to-cecum transit time.

To examine the premise that exercise reduces the gastrointestinal transit time, we evaluated the effect of walking 4.5 km in an hour on mouth-to-cecum transit time. Twenty-three healthy volunteers, 9 men and 14 women, with an age range of 19-28 yr, were studied. After an overnight fast, the subjects ingested 10 g of lactulose in 150 ml of water while breath hydrogen concentrations were analyzed at 15-min intervals. On separate days, in random sequence, subjects either sat in a chair or walked on a treadmill for 60 min. Mean transit time was 55 +/- 8 min when resting and 89 +/- 4 min when exercising (p less than 0.001). In conclusion, light aerobic exercise prolonged the mouth-to-cecum transit time. On the basis of this observation, exercise as a causative factor in runner's diarrhea and its value in the management of chronic constipation may be questioned.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effect of anterior-lateral mandibular displacement occurring in lateral roentgenocephalometry at the open mouth position on the linea measurements].

The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of mandibular displacement occurring in lateral roentgenocephalometry at the open mouth position and of the resulting changes in the projected sites on linea measurements of the mandible. With use of a brachicephalic young (corresponding to age 7) and a dolichocephalic adult human dried mandible, lateral roentgenocephalograms taken under different conditions with angles and distances varied, simulating clinical lateral roentgenocephalometry at the open mouth position, were compared and studied. The results were as follows: 1. Displacement from 5 mm to 30 mm perpendicular to the central X-ray caused unfixed changes, presumed to be human errors in measuring, in the following ranges; brachicephaly: 0-1.4%, dolichocephaly: 0-0.9%. 2. As angles of rotation perpendicular to the central X-ray increase from 0 to 10 degrees clockwise, significant reduction in inverse proportion to the increase in angles of rotation were found; Cd-Gna: brachicephaly: 1.3%, dolichocephaly: 0.9-1.4%; Go-Gna: brachicephaly: 1.6-3.3%, dolicocephaly: 1.4-2.2%. However, unfixed changes in the following ranges were found for Cd-Go; brachicephaly: 0.5-2.3%, dolicocephaly: 0.6-1.2%. 3. Increase in angles of rotation counterclockwise also showed a similar tendency to that in clockwise rotation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative studies on growth of foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0 and Asia 1 in BHK-21 Razi cells.

Growth pattern of foot-and-mouth disease virus types 0 and Asia 1 in BHK-21 Razi cells was compared; while type 0 virus grew in high titre, Asia 1 virus was produced in low titre. Inhibition of host protein synthesis in type 0 virus-infected cells was more pronounced than in Asia 1 virus-infected cells. Foot-and-mouth disease virus type 0 infected cells showed higher lactic dehydrogenase activity when compared to Asia 1 virus. A significant decrease in virus yield was observed when Actinomycin D had been added at 50 micrograms/ml to infected cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The use of BHK suspension cells for the commercial production of foot and mouth disease vaccines over a twenty year period.

The Wellcome Foundation Ltd first used BHK suspension cells for the commercial production of foot and mouth disease vaccine in 1964. Since that time both the scale of operation and the volume of production has increased dramatically and in 1983 the Wellcome Group produced almost 350 million monovalent equivalent doses of vaccine from just over 2 million litres of antigen. Experience gained during this period has shown that with careful attention to plant design and operation this large industrial scale tissue culture process can be managed reliably and efficiently. Data will be presented to show the level of production and success rate achieved in our Foot and Mouth Vaccine production units together with an analysis of antigen yields and the comparatively few failures experienced.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Individualised restricted intraoral radiography versus full-mouth radiography in the detection of periradicular lesions.

The aim was to study the diagnostic yield of periradicular lesions using different combinations of periapical radiographs. One hundred patients were first examined clinically and then periapical radiographs were taken of teeth with clinical signs and symptoms. As a second step of the radiological examination, periapical radiographs were taken of teeth that were endodontically treated or had extensive cavities demonstrated by bitewing radiographs. Finally, these radiographs were supplemented to make up a full-mouth examination. Out of 226 periradicular lesions. 34% were indicated by the clinical symptoms, another 43% by the fact that the tooth was endodontically treated and an additional 13% by having an extensive cavity. The remaining 10% of the periradicular lesions were found only with the aid of the full-mouth examination. It is suggested that information from clinical examination and from bitewing radiographs of the whole dentition might be employed to select radiographs in order to detect periapical lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Wedge scleral buckling in prevention of fish mouth phenomenon in retinal detachment surgery.

Wedge scleral buckling done in 45 eyes of 43 patients with ballooning detachment and large horseshoe tears where fish-mouth phenomenon was anticipated pre-operatively is analysed. In all of the cases, the retinal break settled on the wedge buckle after drainage of sub-retinal fluid and there was no radial retinal folds over the buckle nor was there fish-mouthing of the tears. The final success rate was 89%. There were no significant operative or post-operative complications and in none of the cases was there extrusion of implant or infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The effect of daily application of a neutral 0.25% F- mouth-rinse on mineral loss in surface layers of enamel under intra oral cariogenicity tests conditions.

The effects of daily use of a 0.025% F- mouth-rinse on microhardness and mineral loss in the enamel lesion has been studied under Intra Oral Cariogenicity Test (ICT) conditions. The penetration depth was changed from 16 to 9 microns by F-. Moreover, the inhibition was found fairly constantly distributed over the whole lesion for the Ca and P loss without any CaF2 formation. In this way the effectiveness of the 0.025% F- mouth-rinse program can be explained.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of tramadol on ventilatory CO2 response and mouth occlusion pressure].

The respiratory depressant effects of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of tramadol were studied in 14 healthy young persons by determining the CO2 response (Read's method) and the mouth occlusion pressure (Whitelaw's method) before and 10, 30 and 60 min after administration of the drug. The decrease in minute volume VE (PACO2 = 55 mmHg), dependent on dose, ranged between 11,2 and 17,8%. The mean ventilatory response to CO2 decreased after administration of 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg of tramadol by 15.4 and 25.4% respectively of the normal value. In the same patients, the mouth occlusion pressure responses decreased by 16.1 and 25.6% respectively. There were no significant changes in mean inspiratory flow rate (determined from tidal volume and averaged time of inspiration). These findings demonstrate that tramadol, in contrast to morphine, produces less depression of the ventilatory responses to CO2 in healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of a treatment for a hand-mouthing stereotypy.

A treatment procedure to reduce a hand-mouthing stereotypy was evaluated with three profoundly mentally retarded women. The procedure consisted of simple correction (a verbal reprimand and physically guiding the hands down) and differentially reinforcing the absence of hand-mouthing. The treatment procedure was initially effective for all three women and resulted in durable maintenance for two of them.

Adult↗