Leptospirosis in pigs: epidemiology, microbiology and pathology.
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An outbreak of mastitis involving approximately 70 out of 140 cows over a two-month period is described. Common mastitis pathogens were not incriminated. Leptospires belonging to the Hebdomadis serogroup were isolated from the milk of three out of five cows and the blood of two of those cows.
Antibodies to serotypes representing one or more of 10 Leptospira serogroups were detected in the sera of 1766 (49-1 per cent) cows and heifers out of a total of 3600 sera tested. Infection by the Hebdomadis serogroup was the predominant infection; antibodies to serotype sejroe were found in 1503 (41-8 per cent) sera. Antibodies to the Icterohaemorrhagiae (7-7 per cent) and Balllm (7-3 per cent) serogroups were the next most common, while antibodies to the Australis, Javanica, Canicola, Panama, Cynopteri, Pyrogenes and Autumnalis serogroups were detected in a small number of animals. Only the Hebdomadis and Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroups were associated with clinical disease.
A possible relationship is demonstrated between infection of cattle by the Hebdomadis serogroup of Leptospira and abortion of undiagnosed aetiology. This association is based on (1) The occurrence of a much higher incidence of antibodies to serotype sejroe in herds with a history of undiagnosed abortion than in other groups of cattle tested. (2) A relationship between the incidence of cows with antibody titres to sejroe and the incidence of abortion of unknown aetiology in 29 herds during an 18 month model period.
Leptospires were demonstrated in five aborted fetuses and in a premature calf. Evidence is presented to indicate that a member of the Hebdomadis serogroup was the causative agent.
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