Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “INSEMINATION, ARTIFICIAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Exposure of thawed frozen bull sperm to a synthetic peptide before artificial insemination increases fertility.

We evaluated the effect on fertility of in vitro exposure of thawed frozen bull sperm to synthetic FertPlus peptide prior to artificial insemination (AI). The peptide represented a 60-amino acid sequence within rat prosaposin. Commercial cryopreserved semen was from three Holstein bulls. Onset of estrus in groups of Holstein nulliparous heifers was synchronized via injection of prostaglandin F2-alpha, and heifers were scheduled for AI 8-24 hours after estrus was detected. Semen was thawed, diluted to 2.4 x 10(6) sperm/ml with buffer, and split to provide control and exposed aliquots (0 or 30 microM peptide) that were incubated at 37 degrees C for 10 minutes and then were held at 32 degrees C. The two aliquots of semen then were used on an alternate basis 2-65 minutes later to inseminate females. Each AI (one per female) involved the deposit of approximately 250,000 sperm into each uterine horn. This procedure for AI was used to reduce the pregnancy rate with control semen to below the maximum value for a given bull and to facilitate detection of any beneficial effect of the peptide. For each bull, approximately 32 heifers were inseminated with control semen, and approximately 32 heifers were inseminated with peptide-exposed semen. Pregnancy was evaluated ultrasonically approximately 60 days after AI. After excluding one group of heifers with unusually low fertility, averaged across all animals, a 29% increase in pregnancy rate resulted from exposure of sperm to peptide (P < 0.04; one-tailed chi-square test; means were 48 vs. 62%). Pregnancy rates for the three bulls for control and peptide-exposed semen, respectively, were 42 and 62%, 44 and 64%, and 56 and 61%; means in the first two pairs of values tended to differ (P approximately equal to 0.10). These observations should be confirmed with sperm from other bulls used in a more conventional manner. However, with insemination of a limiting number of cryopreserved sperm, brief exposure of the thawed bull sperm to FertPlus peptide appeared to improve fertility dramatically.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of PG F2 alpha treatment on conception rates of dairy cows treated with a GnRH agonist 12 to 14 days after Artificial Insemination.

The effect of a GnRH agonist (10 ug Buserelin) on conception rate was determined when injected into dairy cows 12 to 14 days after Artificial Insemination (AI). The following factors were taken into account: previous treatment prior to AI with Prostaglandin F2 alpha, clinical history recorded prior to AI since last calving, parity and milk yield. A number of 118 cows, from one large dairy herd, were involved in this study. A total of 210 AI's were performed, followed by 140 GnRH treatments and 70 saline injections. Reproductive events were then recorded. The rank of AI was equally distributed among the two groups. 153 AI's were preceded by a Prostaglandin F2 alpha (Dinoprost - 25 mg) treatment among which 103 were subsequently GnRH-treated and 50 were controls. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined daily for 34 days after AI in 13 treated and 13 control cows. An Early Pregnoncy Diagnosis (EPD) from milk progesterone concentration was performed on Day 21 after AI in all cases. Post-AI GnRH agonist treatment resulted in a significant enhancement of the conception rate: 60% vs 44%; p < 0.01, respectively for treated and control animals. PG F2 alpha treatment prior to GnRH injection had a major influence on the conception rate (62% vs 40%; p < 0.01). No effect was seen (54 % vs 55 %) in non-PG F2 alpha treated females which were subsequently injected respectively with GnRH or saline after AI. Previous clinical reproductive disorders, parity and milk yield had no significant effect. In non-pregnant treated animals, GnRH agonist treatment resulted in an increased rate of heat detection on days 20 - 25 after AI (91 % vs 74 %) and a higher fertility rate on the following AI was seen (59 % vs 44 %; p < 0.05). In conclusion, GnRH agonist treatment 12 to 14 days after AI only enhanced the conception rate of females which had previously been treated with PG F2 alpha. In non-pregnant cows, this treatment had also a benficial effect on heat detection and improved the conception rate at the subsequent AI.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Effect of prebreeding maintenance diet on subsequent reproduction by artificial insemination in alpine and Saanen goats.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 2 levels of prebreeding nutrition on reproduction in yearling does artificially inseminated (AI) by the intrauterine laparoscopic method. Forty-two does (Alpine = 22 and Saanen = 20) were randomly penned in groups of 7 and were fed 1 of 2 diets. The diets contained 3.2 Mcal DE/d (MAINT) or 3.5 Meal DE/d (HIGH), which was 10 and 20% higher than the National Research Council recommendations for maintenance requirements. The does were on the 2 feed treatments for 8 wk, after which the MAINT group was switched to the HIGH group diet. A week later, they were fitted with Veramix sponges to synchronize estrus. The sponges were removed from 22, 10 and 10 randomly picked does after 17, 22 and 23 d, respectively. All the does showed estrus within 48 h of removing the sponges. Previously frozen Alpine or Saanen semen (0.5 ml) was deposited into the uterus of does exhibiting standing estrus after anesthetizing them with zylazine and ketamine. Pure breeding was practiced. All the does lost weight prior to breeding. Seventeen does (41%) conceived and kidded by AI while the rest returned to estrus about 23 d later. A significant difference (P < 0.05) in the kidding percentage was observed between the 2 breeds (Alpine = 64% and Saanen = 16%), while the kidding percentage between the 2 diets did not differ (P > 0.05). Of the does that kidded, seven (41%) had singletons, eight (47%) had twins, one had triplets and one had quadruplets. Average litter size (kids/doe kidding) by AI was 1.76. Although the does lost weight prior to breeding, this did not affect their reproduction.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1991

Pregnancy rates in dairy cows following the administration of a GnRH analogue at the time of artificial insemination or at mid-cycle post insemination.

Lactating Holstein dairy cows (n=1,533) were allocated to one of three treatment groups, with Group I (n=514) receiving 10 microg of a GnRH analogue (buserelin) at artificial insemination (AI) and Group II (n=503) receiving 10 microg of the same analogue at both the time of AI and at 12 days post AI. Herdmates in Group III (n=516) were inseminated on the same day and served as contemporary AI controls. The trial was conducted on five large dairy farms during the spring and summer months in Saudi Arabia. Pregnancy rates were determined by palpation per rectum between 33 and 50 days following AI. The first service pregnancy rate for the control cows (42.4%) was lower (P<0.05) than that for cows treated with the GnRH analogue at AI (48.8%) or for the combined treatment at AI and at Day 12 post AI (51.5%). No additive effect on the pregnancy rate was noted from the combined analog treatment. The overall increase in pregnancy rate from the analogue treatment at AI resulted from an 11% increase in pregnancy rate in first parity cows over that of contemporary controls (P<0.05) and a 14.7% increase in pregnancy for cows mated at 40 to 59 days post partum and treated with the analogue at AI over that of the corresponding controls (P<0.05). The pregnancy rates from repeat AI (interval<or=30 days) were similar across treatments (45.7% for Group I, 42.9% for Group II and 47.8% for Group III). In this study, the GnRH analogue may have enhanced the ovulation rate and possibly luteal function in cows with reduced hypothalamic GnRH release under environmental stress.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Female fertility and donor insemination.

Artificial insemination with donor semen (AID) frozen in 0.25-ml straws yielded an overall pregnancy rate of 64% in a series of 131 patients. The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in patients whose husbands were azoospermic (70%) than in women whose husbands were severely subfertile (48.8%) (P less than 0.02). Equivalent ages of patients as well as donor distribution between both groups were confirmed. This study brings evidence that patients turning to AID because of severe male subfertility represent a selected hypofertile population, from which the highly fertile females have disappeared through previous spontaneous conception.

Female↗
PubMed1992

The optimum time for single artificial insemination of blue fox vixens (Alopex lagopus) with frozen-thawed semen from silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes).

During the breeding season of 1991 a total of 608 blue fox vixens aged 1 to 6 years (2.3 +/- 0.1 years, mean +/- SEM) from 2 farms were artificially inseminated intrauterine once with frozen-thawed silver fox semen (1 ml dose containing a total of 150 million spermatozoa). The vixens were allocated to 3 different groups according to the time of insemination. Vixens in Group 1 (n = 203), Group 2 (n = 198), and Group 3 (n = 207) were inseminated on the first, second or third day after the peak value of vaginal electrical resistance, respectively. An overall conception rate of 75% (456 of 608) and 6.0 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) cubs per litter was obtained. Conception rates and mean litter sizes were significantly different between groups of vixens with respect to day of insemination (P = 0.02, Chisquare, Kruskall-Wallis Test). Vixens inseminated on the second day (Group 2) had the highest conception rate (81%) and the largest mean litter size (7.0 +/- 0.2 cubs) of the three groups, while those inseminated on the third day (Group 3) had the lowest conception rate and mean litter size (70%, 5.4 +/- 0.3 cubs).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Effect of time of artificial insemination on fertility of progestagen and PMSG treated indigenous Greek ewes, during non-breeding season.

A total of 2567 indigenous Greek ewes (Chios, Vlachiki and VlachikixChios breeds) were used to determine the optimum time for insemination, following synchronization of oestrus with MAP-impregnated intravaginal sponges and PMSG during non-breeding season. Within each breed group, the ewes were divided into three subgroups and submitted to a double blind cervical artificial insemination 48 and 60h (subgroup I), 60 and 72h (subgroup II) and 48 and 72h (subgroup III) after sponge withdrawal. From the results of the present investigation it can be concluded that the conception rate in the Chios island breed is better than that in the VlachikixChios breed, with the latter being better than that in the Vlachiki breed. Using fixed time for AI, a better conception rate is obtained when applied 48 and 72h after sponge withdrawal for Chios and ChiosxVlachiki breeds, while for Vlachiki breed a better conception rate is obtained when fixed AI is applied 48 and 60h after sponge withdrawal.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1987

Successful artificial insemination in Lemur fulvus mayottensis.

A method is reported for collection of sperm by electrostimulation or prostatic massage in order to carry out artificial in utero insemination in Lemur fulvus mayottensis. Using fresh sperm, one success out of 7 attempts was obtained, although it was achieved with a vesiculectomized male.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Fertility and ovum fertilization rate after laparoscopic or transcervical intrauterine artificial insemination of oxytocin-treated ewes.

Based on our previous work, we found that exogenous oxytocin induces uterine tetany and cervical dilation, and permits transcervical access to the uterus. However, the oxytocin does not reduce sustained sperm transport from the uterus to the oviducts. Thus, we hypothesized that exogenous oxytocin may be a useful adjunct to transcervical intrauterine AI procedures for sheep: two experiments were conducted to test our hypothesis. In Experiment 1, purebred ewes (n = 75/group) were artificially inseminated intrauterine with either laparoscopic or oxytocin-transcervical (i.e., 200 USP units of oxytocin 30 min before AI) procedures. At 54 h after progestogenated pessaries were removed, ewes were inseminated with 200 x 10(6) sperm/0.25 ml of fresh, extended semen, which was collected from a purebred ram of the corresponding breed. Pregnancy rate was greater (P < 0.05) after laparoscopic (37.5%) than after transcervical AI (0%). Because of the disappointing results of Experiment 1, Experiment 2 was conducted to determine whether oxytocin or the AI procedure per se reduced ovum fertilization rate. Treatments were designed in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. At 60 h after norgestomet implant removal and 10 min before either laparoscopic or transcervical (cervical in a saline group) AI with 100 x 10(6) sperm/0.25 ml, ewes (n = 10/group) received an intravenous injection of either isotonic saline or 200 USP units of oxytocin. Fertilization rate, which was determined 72 h after AI, was greater (P < 0.05) after laparoscopic than after transcervical/cervical AI (92.5 vs 28%), but oxytocin treatment did not affect fertilization rate. The results indicate that exogenous oxytocin did not reduce ovum fertilization rate, but the transcervical AI procedure per se seemed to reduce fertilization rate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Semen collection, cryopreservation and artificial insemination in the dromedary camel.

Collection of semen with a bovine artificial vagina (AV) was attempted with each of 14 camels over a period of 2 years. Semen samples were evaluated, extended and cryopreserved. Frozen thawed semen, diluted cooled semen or whole semen was used to inseminate some female camels which were induced to ovulate with hCG. Males ejaculated semen into the AV in 74.6% collection attempts. The male copulated for at least 200s in 62.9% attempts. The remaining copulations were of shorter duration. Similarly, 49.3% ejaculates were at least 3ml of semen. Libido and donation of semen improved from December onwards and reached a peak after mid January with peak performance persisting until April. It declined during May. The majority of camels had lost libido and refuse to donate semen by the end of May. Camel semen is in gel form. While 35.9% of 203 semen samples exhibited no individual sperm motility, 28.5% exhibited low to fair grade individual sperm motility and only 35.4% exhibited >50% sperm motility. Differences existed between animals (P<0.01) and months (P<0.05) of collection, while effect of copulation time was not significant. Mass motility was not observed in camel semen. Individual sperm motility develops after liquefaction of semen. Addition of caffeine but not chymotrypsin improved the individual motility. The mean live percent sperm count and normal acrosome were 73.3+/-1.0 and 92.0+/-0.5, respectively. Only 51.1% of 45 semen samples with pre-freeze motility of >50% and 25% of 16 semen samples from low pre-freeze motility group with an overall success of 44.2% of 61 semen samples were successfully preserved. Wide variation was observed in the freezability of semen from different males. Attempts to impregnate female camels with liquid semen, frozen thawed semen and whole semen after hCG induced ovulation resulted in 0/10, 1/13 and 4/10 pregnancies.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1992

The effect of sperm number on fertility in blue fox vixens (Alopex lagopus ) artificially inseminated with frozen silver fox (Vulpes vulpes ) semen.

During the breeding seasons of 1989 and 1990, a total of 617 blue fox vixens aged 1 to 6 years (mean +/- SEM, 2.6 +/- 0.1) were inseminated with frozen silver fox semen with either 150 million (n = 213, 1989 + 1990), 100 million (n=172, 1990), 75 million (n = 119, 1989) or 37.5 million (n = 113, 1989) spermatozoa per insemination. Two intrauterine inseminations, each with an insemination volume of 1.0 ml, were performed at 24-hour intervals on the first and second days after maximum vaginal electrical resistance was measured. Conception rates were 87% (186 of 213) with 150 million spermatozoa per insemination, 85% (146 of 172) with 100 million, 77% (91 of 119) with 75 million and 68% (77 of 113) with 37.5 million. The mean numbers of cubs per litter +/- SEM for the four groups were 7.6 +/- 0.2 (168 registered litters), 7.5 +/- 0.3 (115 litters), 6.4 +/- 0.4 (86 litters) and 6.4 +/- 0.4 (75 litters). A negative effect on both the conception rate and mean litter size at whelping was observed with decreasing sperm numbers (conception rate percentage: p = 0.0001, Chi-square, litter size: p = 0.02, Kruskal-Wallis Test). Only the two larger numbers of spermatozoa gave litter sizes comparable to those obtained by artificial insemination (AI) with fresh semen.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of an ATP-supplemented medium for the conservation of human semen and the effect of caffeine on the motility of preserved sperm. Results in artificial insemination.

Human semen can be preserved at 4 degrees C in an artificial medium containing 15% ATP-MgCl2 for up to 5 d. This method has been applied to samples from subjects with either normal or abnormal semen. After the conservation period the recovery of sperm motility observed was good when low doses of caffeine (3.5 or 7.0 mM) were added.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Non-infectious factors affecting the presentation of dairy cows to artificial insemination and the result of mating in south western Victoria.

The records kept by 4 artificial breeding centres in south western Victoria were examined and analysed by multiple regression analysis to determine whether daily fluctuations in the number of dairy cows presented for insemination, and daily, monthly and annual fluctuations in the result of first service, were associated with either climatic conditions or nutritional factors assessed as the availability of conserved hay and oats as feed supplements in the district. Over a 122 day observation period from July to October 1974, the number of cows presented daily for insemination was negatively correlated with daily rainfall total (p less than 0.01), wind speed (p less than 0.001) and barometric pressure (p less than 0.05). When the mean value for barometric pressure was used in the regression equation, rainfall totals and wind speeds above zero were associated with a mean reduction of 13.8% in the number of cows presented daily for insemination. The daily percentages of cows not resubmitted for service within 60 days of first service (non-return rates) were unrelated to climatic conditions and to the number of cows presented for insemination. The monthly non-return rate had a negative correlation (p less than 0.001) with the cost of oats but was not related to corresponding climatic changes. Annual non-return rate fluctuations were negatively correlated with the cost of oats (p less than 0.001) and with the July to October rainfall total (p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the correlation of non-return rate with the July to October total rainfall was due to an effect of rainfall total on the nutritional value of the pasture.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The immunologic effects of husband's semen on donor spermatozoa during mixed insemination.

Artificial insemination was performed on four women with the husband's and donor's semen mixed. No pregnancies resulted after several inseminations. One woman also received artificial donor insemination without success. Seminal plasmas from the husbands were allowed to react with donor semen and were observed to produce immobilization and agglutination of the donor's spermatozoa. Two of the husbands' seminal plasmas had high levels of immunoglobulin A, and all contained complements C-3 and C-4, which suggests that the mechanism is immunologic. Artificial donor inseminations were performed, and in addition the couples were advised to refrain from sexual intercourse for 2 days prior to insemination, in order to eliminate the risk of husband's seminal plasma being on the wife's cervix. Within 1 month, three of the four women became pregnant. As a practical measure, it is proposed that the effect of husband's semen on donor spermatozoa be determined prior to performing mixed inseminations and that couples refrin from sexual intercourse for 2 days prior to donor inseminations.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed2005

In vivo fertilization and development of medaka eggs initiated by artificial insemination.

Fertilization and development in the ovarian cavity of oviparous fish, Oryzias latipes, were examined using the S-rR strain in which the sex genotype can be easily distinguished by the body color of the fish. Mature eggs were fertilized within the ovarian cavity after a sperm suspension was artificially introduced with a small bore-pipette through the urinogenital opening. Three batches of eggs ovulated within 48 hrs were fertilized and began to develop in the ovarian cavity, while eggs ovulated 72 hrs post-insemination (PI) were no longer fertilized. These observations indicate that ovulation occurs irrespective of the existence of developing embryos within the ovarian cavity. All embryos developing in the ovarian cavity were, however, retarded and ceased development before the stage of initiation of blood circulation at room temperature. These embryos developed normally and hatched after they were transferred from the ovarian cavity into regular saline 48 or 72 hrs PI. When these individuals matured sexually, their sex differentiation was found to be normal, and sex reversal was not observed.

Animals↗