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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Effect of Percoll wash on sperm motion parameters and subsequent fertility in intrauterine insemination cycles.

PURPOSE: This study examined sperm motion parameters as measured by computerized automated semen analysis before and after a Percoll wash and determined if differences in any parameter were correlated with fertility subsequent to intrauterine insemination (IUI). RESULTS: Total motile sperm decreased following the washing procedure from 79.0 +/- 9.0 to 37.2 +/- 7.6 million sperm. Motility increased from a mean of 43.4% to 61.7% (P < 0.001). Other motility parameters also changed significantly (P < 0.001) as follows: curvilinear velocity (VCL), 43.4 to 61.7 microns/s; straight-line velocity (VSL), 21.3 to 26.7 microns/s; linearity 53.1 to 45.2%; lateral head displacement (ALH), 2.97 to 3.94 microns. Similar changes occurred following a swim-up preparation, although changes in mean motility, VCL, and ALH were significantly greater when compared to Percoll. The postwash changes were not accounted for merely by time lapse in preparation since reanalyzed untreated controls did not show the same changes in motion parameters. Prewash linearity in those specimens which resulted in pregnancies was greater than in those which did not (P = 0.28). No other significant differences in pre- or post-Percoll washed sperm motion parameters were found between pregnant vs nonfertile cycles. CONCLUSION: Following Percoll wash all CASA-generated motility parameters were significantly altered, but there was little association between these parameters and pregnancy achieved in IUI cycles.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1994

Use of coculture with cumulus cells in insemination medium in human in vitro fertilization (IVF).

PURPOSE: In an initial trial, 16 of 33 (48%) bipronuclear human zygotes left in culture in the insemination drop from which they had originated developed to fully expanded blastocysts. RESULTS: This method was subsequently used for all supernumerary embryos judged unsuitable for replacement or cryopreservation on Day 1, 2, or 3 of development. Over a 4-year period, embryos reaching the fully expanded blastocyst stage were cryopreserved. Of 113 such blastocysts thawed, 81 survived (72%), and upon transfer to 52 patients, 8 clinical pregnancies were established (15%), of which 6 were live births. Subsequently, following modification of some culture parameters, 60 patients had 296 supernumerary embryos cultured for 6 days; 43 of these patients (72%) had 148 embryos (50%) that cavitated and 134 (45%) of these cavitating embryos were judged to be fully expanded blastocycts; 125 (42%) of these embryos were cryopreserved. CONCLUSION: The blastocyst formation rate is similar to that reported by others using conventional culture procedures or coculture on Vero or other cell types. I conclude that cumulus cells are a ready source of feeder cells for the coculture of human embryos.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed2007

Intrauterine insemination in natural cycle may give better results in older women.

BACKGROUND: Controlled ovarian hyper-stimulation (COH) in combination with intrauterine insemination (IUI) has been shown to result in significantly higher pregnancy rates compared to un-stimulated (natural cycle) IUI. This may however not be true in all ages. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study and analysed data collected prospectively on 1759 IUI cycles in couples with unexplained infertility. The results were analysed to show the outcome of IUI with COH, and IUI in natural cycle (unstimulated), in younger women compared to their older counterparts. RESULTS: In women age 37 and younger, COH resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate (13.0% vs 6.5%) and live-birth rate (10.7% vs 5.2%) compared to natural cycle IUI (p = 0.025, p = 0.045 respectively). However for older women age >37 years, natural cycle (unstimulated) IUI, resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate (12.0% vs 8.5%) live-birth rate (7.5%vs 3.5%) than IUI with COH ((p = 0.0037). This difference is even more significant when COH was performed with clomiphene citrate (7.5% vs 2.1%) (p = 0.0017). CONCLUSION: COH was associated with a lower live birth rate in older women, irrespective of the agent used, and it seems to be worse when the anti-oestrogenic drug clomiphene citrate was used for COH. Older women may benefit more from natural cycle (unstimulated) IUI. A randomised controlled trial is required to confirm this observation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Abdominal pregnancy after gonadotropin superovulation and intrauterine insemination: a case report.

An abdominal pregnancy after superovulation with human menopausal and chorionic gonadotropins followed by intrauterine insemination of the husband's sperm is reported. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy increases with administration of human menopausal and chorionic gonadotropins. However, the role of human menopausal and chorionic gonadotropins as a cause of abdominal pregnancy has not been delineated. It appears that ultrasonography has become one of the most important aids in the diagnosis of early abdominal pregnancy.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of progesterone, oestradiol benzoate and cloprostenol in controlling the timing of oestrus and ovulation in dairy cows and allowing successful fixed-time insemination.

The relative merits of three hormone treatments of dairy cows: (1) intravaginally administered progesterone and oestradiol benzoate; (2) intravaginally administered progesterone and injected cloprostenol; and (3) injected cloprostenol; begun 35-75 days after calving and designed to synchronize oestrus and ovulation and allow successful artificial insemination (AI) at fixed times, have been assessed utilizing information from progesterone concentrations in milk. From this it was concluded that 89% of the cows had ovulated one to three times between calving and the beginning of treatment. Treatment (2) was more effective than (1) in synchronizing ovulation. This was due to the fact that when treatments began early in the ovulation cycle, the requirement for a rapidly effective luteolytic agent was provided by cloprostenol but not by oestradiol benzoate. Treatment (2) was also more effective than (3) in synchronizing ovulation. This is interpreted as meaning that progesterone treatment for 12 days had a beneficial effect in restoring normal cyclic ovarian function in the cows after calving. Whilst cloprostenol administered alone did not have this beneficial effect, there is no evidence that it had a detrimental effect. Based on all cows in treatment groups, the proportion that became pregnant to the fixed-time AI was significantly greater after treatment (2) than after (1), but when based on numbers of cows with synchronized ovulation, there were no significant differences among treatments in the proportions becoming pregnant. The progesterone/cloprostenol treatment had a disadvantage in that when begun during the 11-22 day period of the ovulation cycle, so resulting in a long, total period of suppression of ovulation (mean, 32.1 days), fertility to the fixed-time AI was poor despite effective synchronization of ovulation. Ovulation cycles immediately following the failed, fixed-time AI were normal, both in length and in maximum, luteal-phase progesterone concentration and indicated normal corpus luteum function. Thus the infertility could be ascribed neither to poor timing of AI nor to gross degeneration of follicles prior to their synchronized ovulation following the prolonged suppression of ovulation. The 12-day progesterone treatments when given to anovulatory cows gave, within 5.5 h of their beginning, a concentration of progesterone in milk that was not significantly different from the maximum reached. This concentration declined during the 12 days of the treatment but remained above pretreatment level until 5.5 h after treatment withdrawal; the maximum reached was about half that in normal ovulation cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oestradiol-17 beta in the milk of cows from 6 days before to 14 days after their insemination.

In artificially inseminated cows (AI on day 1) peak concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta in defatted milk occurred at median times of day 0 during the pre-ovulatory period, days -5 to 2, and day 6 during the post-ovulatory period, days 2-15. Median peak concentrations during these periods were approximately 5 pg/ml and 3 pg/ml respectively. There were no significant differences in the timing or magnitude of oestradiol-17 beta concentrations between cows that became pregnant to the AI and those that entered normal length oestrus cycles immediately after AI.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with or without intrauterine insemination for the treatment of unexplained infertility.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether there are any benefits from intrauterine insemination (IUI) as opposed to timed intercourse (TI) in stimulated ovarian cycles in couples with longstanding, unexplained infertility. METHODS: Forty-six couples with diagnoses of unexplained infertility were evaluated in a crossover study after a total of 141 cycles. Sixty-seven cycles were with IUI after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) while 74 cycles were after COH and TI. RESULTS: The pregnancy rate after COH/TI was 16.7% and after COH/IUI 45.2%. Cycle fecundity however was 8.9% after COH/TI and 25.7% after COH/IUI, which is a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A trial of human menopausal gonadotropin and IUI is justified in couples with prolonged infertility of unknown cause.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A within-patient comparison between superovulation with intra-uterine artificial insemination using husband's washed spermatozoa and gamete intrafallopian transfer in unexplained infertility.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the success of gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and superovulation with intra-uterine artificial insemination (S-IUI) in couples with long-term unexplained infertility. Thirty-nine couples were offered three attempts at each treatment. Sixty-three IUI cycles were completed with a pregnancy rate of 1.5% per cycle. Forty-nine GIFT procedures were carried out with a pregnancy rate of 26.5% per cycle. The cumulative conception rate after three cycles of GIFT was 0.56. GIFT appears to offer a far greater chance of pregnancy than S-IUI in unexplained infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Alloplastic spermatocele: insemination from epididymal reservoir.

Insemination with the sperm of an epididymal reservoir three days after implantation of the prosthesis led to a successful pregnancy with subsequent delivery of five healthy sucklings. Alloplastic spermatocele can function longer than four months as proved by a successful pregnancy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Screening couples for parenthood by donor insemination.

Traditionally the selection of applicants for donor insemination (DI) has been governed by technical considerations relating to the fertility of the female and infertility of the male partner. In contrast, adoptive applicants have been carefully appraised in terms of their social and psychological fitness for parenthood. Despite easily recognisable differences between the two situations, we propose that DI candidates should be expected to satisfy minimal criteria regarding their marital relationship, health and social adjustment. The case for screening (as opposed to 'vetting', which implies a more searching examination) is argued with reference to a series of almost 200 couples referred from a hospital infertility clinic. In the absence of scientific validation the pursuit of more stringent criteria would be unwarranted, and in the event only a few couples were regarded as totally unsuitable on account of serious personal and marital problems. Others may have benefited from the opportunity to explore some of the delicate issues involved, although the value of independent counselling has yet to be established.

Adoption↗
PubMed1993

Vasectomy as a reason for donor insemination.

Among 200 couples referred for counselling with a view to donor insemination (DI) were 21 whose request arose from an earlier vasectomy. This had been judged irreversible, apart from one case where the man had been sterilised for genetic reasons and therefore had not sought reversal. An overall incidence of 10.5% indicates that vasectomy may lead to fertility problems in the event of remarriage, which has become more common with an increasing divorce rate. All 21 husbands but only 3 wives had been previously married; 3 former wives had died, otherwise all previous marriages had ended in divorce. Most husbands were considerably older than their second wives, especially as compared with the majority of men in the larger series who were still in a first marriage. Their relative maturity may have helped them to respond more sensitively to their wives' maternal needs when they already had children of their own. During a follow-up interval of up to 8 years, 2 couples had separated after a brief relationship but 9 of the other 12 contacted had become parents by DI. The 3 remaining couples included a wife who at the latest report was 5 months pregnant, and 2 who were still pursuing treatment. Despite the low failure rate in this small series we should bear in mind that DI is not an ideal solution to the problem of male infertility, nor always even acceptable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Telling donor insemination offspring about their conception: the nature of couples' decision-making.

The issue of openness and secrecy in the use of donor gametes is the subject of considerable disagreement and debate, not only for social scientists and health professionals, but also for the recipients of donor gametes. This paper has its origins in a study of 58 couples who had a child/children as a result of donor insemination (DI) at the Dunedin Infertility Clinic. Respondents completed questionnaires and took part in an interview during which they were asked whether they intended to tell their offspring about their DI conception. The nature of agreement/disagreement between partners on this issue, the dynamics operating between couples that may affect decision-making, and the views of couples in a time-frame perspective are the focus of this paper. Transcripts from some of the interviews are presented to illustrate the points made and commentary and discussion is provided.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1996

Donor insemination: the gifting and selling of semen.

The authors examine the implications for individuals and society of how semen is provided for use in donor insemination treatment. In particular, they focus on whether 'donors' make a gift of their semen or are paid. The role of health professionals in shaping the nature and meaning of semen provision is also explored. The currently predominant practice of buying semen is compared with other reproductive and biomedical exchanges: oocyte and embryo donation, surrogacy, and blood, organ and fetal tissue donation. The authors suggest that the commercialisation of semen determines and reflects the type of men frequently recruited to provide semen. This in turn influences the meaning that donors themselves, recipients, offspring, health professionals and society at large attribute to the provision of semen.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1996

Socio-economic characteristics of artificial insemination donor (AID) couples compared with matched population controls.

Socio-economic characteristics like education, occupation and religion may play a role when choosing or refraining from treatment by artificial insemination by donor (AID). From a cohort of 189 AID-patients, the socio-economic characteristics were established from the notes and a questionnaire that was sent to all patients to complete the available data. The response rate to the questionnaire was 83.6% (158 women). Data were compared with population controls that were matched for age and region. AID patients in this study had significantly lower educational and/or occupational levels than matched population controls and were significantly more religious.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The value of semen characteristics and tests of sperm function in selecting couples for intra-uterine insemination.

In order to improve the selection of couples for intrauterine insemination (IUI) because of longstanding primary infertility of alleged male origin, we have performed a prospective study measuring conventional and advanced analysis of sperm characteristics, the hypoosmotic swelling test, the Shorr stain, the acidified aniline blue stain and alpha-glucosidase activity in seminal plasma, of 89 couples with no demonstrable abnormality of the female partner. Twenty-four couples attained spontaneous conception, 23 were successful within six cycles of IUI, and 42 remained without conception in spite of IUI during six unstimulated cycles. The proportion and concentration of spermatozoa with progressive motility was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the successful IUI cases than in the couples attaining spontaneous conception, and the lower quartile value was lower in the former than in the latter. There were less pregnancies among IUI treated couples when sperm concentration and motility were within the range of normal fertile men, or when the concentration of white blood cells was elevated. More pregnancies occurred when markers of epididymal function, namely the result of the Shorr stain and alpha-glucosidase measurement, were normal. Total progressive motility and the result of the Shorr stain were the only independent variables selected by logistic regression to discriminate between successful and failed IUI cases. It is concluded that only a limited group of couples may benefit from IUI.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Corticosteroid treatment does not improve the results of intrauterine insemination in male subfertility caused by antisperm antibodies.

AIM: To determine whether corticosteroid immunosuppression (CS) administered to the male partner together with intrauterine insemination (IUI) is preferable compared to IUI alone in treating male autoimmune subfertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six couples with proven male immunological subfertility were randomly assigned to begin CS + IUI (n = 18) or IUI (n = 18) treatment and progressed alternatively to receiving each treatment modality for three cycles unless pregnancy occurred. Each couple served as their own control. The administered corticosteroid was soluble prednisolone. RESULTS: Five pregnancies were achieved with 77 cycles of CS + IUI and seven pregnancies with IUI alone. The pregnancy rates per cycle were 6.5% with CS + IUI and 9.21% with IUI, while the pregnancy rates per couple were 16.13% with CS + IUI and 21.2% with IUI alone. These rates do not differ to a statistically significant degree (P > 10%). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of corticosteroid immunosuppression does not seem to significantly enhance the pregnancy rate in couples with male autoimmune subfertility treated with IUI as compared to the treatment with IUI alone. Considering the possible side-effects of corticosteroid intake, we conclude that IUI alone might be preferable to the combination of IUI with corticosteroid administration.

Adult↗