Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Helping Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Lack of emotional support from parents early in life and alcohol abuse later in life.

The purpose of this study is to examine the association between lacking emotional support from parents early in life and adult alcohol abuse. A series of logistic regression models were run with data collected from a nationally representative sample of over 2500 adults ages 25-74. The findings reveal a linear relationship between level of deficiency in early maternal support and odds of alcohol abuse during adulthood, with even moderate deficiencies being associated with elevated risk. Further examination suggests that this association persists throughout adulthood. This association does not appear to be explained by the early initiation of alcohol use, but poor psychological well-being during adulthood does account for a large portion of this association. These findings expand our understanding of the risks associated with poor parental support during childhood, and underscore the importance of adopting a life course perspective in studying the social determinants of alcohol problems among adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Assessments of social support exchanges: cognitions of the old-old.

In this study of the old-old, perceptions of thirty-one individuals regarding exchanges in their social relationships are explored. Two questions are addressed: 1) What cognitive mechanisms are used to assess equity in social exchanges? 2) What is the relationship between these mechanisms and other psychological phenomena? Using a qualitative methodology, six cognitive mechanisms are identified. Their use appears to be associated with both beneficial and detrimental subjective reactions. Findings from this study suggest that cognitive mechanisms are an important focus of inquiry because they may mediate the relationship between social exchanges and well-being.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Revisiting the generation gap: exploring the relationships of parent/adult-child dyads.

There is some evidence that older parents and their adult children may evaluate their relationships with each other in different ways. To date, we know little about what may account for these discrepancies. This investigation compares the perceptions of intergenerational solidarity among 2,590 adult-child/older-parent dyads from the National Survey of Families and Households. Further, this study examines a social structural model to test the relative contribution of individuals' sociodemographic and social structural positions to the correspondence between generational perceptions of solidarity. The findings indicate that there is a high degree of disagreement between how adult children and their parents view their relationship. Parents are more likely to report greater relationship quality, while children report greater contact and exchanges of assistance. While a number of variables influence the correspondence between generations, the strongest and most consistent predictors are sex, age, child's marital status, and residential proximity.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1992

A comparison of office and adult day care center older volunteers: social-psychological and demographic differences.

Numerous researchers have compared older adults who volunteer with those who do not volunteer on several demographic variables. In contrast, in the present study we compared older adults (minimum age = 55 years old) who volunteered to work for a community organization at an office or in a day care center on social-psychological and demographic predictors. It was hypothesized that day care center volunteers would have higher scores than office volunteers on sympathy, role taking, and self-based salience of volunteer role (i.e., personal identity). In addition, office volunteers were expected to have higher scores than day care center volunteers on other-based salience of volunteer role (i.e., social identity). Discriminant function analysis indicated that day care center volunteers were higher than office volunteers on sympathy whereas office volunteers were higher than day care center volunteers on educational attainment, involvement in clubs and organizations, and role taking.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

An explanatory model for Munchausen by proxy abuse.

OBJECTIVE: In Munchausen by proxy (MBP) abuse, a caretaker fabricates or induces illness in another person to obtain emotional gratification. In representative cases, a mother is the perpetrator and her child is the victim. In view of the limits of current explanatory models, we use personal accounts of MBP perpetrators, physicians, and family members as a window into understanding this counterintuitive behavior. METHOD: As subspecialty clinicians and consultants, we supplemented our extensive direct experience with MBP with a review of published reports of MBP located via MEDLINE and PsycINFO (1980 onward). We also examined the books devoted to the subject and incorporated personal accounts of MBP perpetrators and of family members and professionals involved with them. RESULTS: Factors contributing to the onset and continuation of MBP are the perpetrator's experiencing a particular drive (e.g., intense anger or frustration); lacking or overcoming internal inhibitions against abusive actions; and overcoming external inhibitions, such as the potential intercession of a spouse or pediatrician. As a result, the MBP parent experiences release from unpleasant emotions and a sense of renewed control. MBP behavior gains "habit strength" each time it occurs. CONCLUSIONS: Psychodynamic explanations of MBP, while favored by some authors, are inherently speculative and tend to be low in predictive value. We suggest broadening these traditional explanations by emphasizing observable behaviors and verifiable background factors. The behavioral perspective we outline helps explain how MBP behavior is learned, why it is more prevalent among mothers, and why it is so difficult for perpetrators to stop.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Friends in passing: social interaction at an adult day care center.

This study explores the social interactions and friendships that exist among cognitively impaired adult day care participants. A five month participant observation of an adult day care center was conducted, involving fifty-three clients ranging in age from sixty-six to ninety-three. Findings indicate that the clients engage in a variety of social interactions and friendships, enabling them to maintain a sense of self as well as to adjust to the norms of the group. Specific areas to be discussed are: general socializing, enduring friendships, helping relationships and client integration. A descriptive approach such as this provides the opportunity to examine the complexity of social interactions, including the positive relationships available to the cognitively impaired elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Just World beliefs and attitudes toward helping elderly people: a comparison of British and Canadian university students.

Social science students from a British university and a Canadian university were studied to determine the relationship between their beliefs in a just world and their attitudes toward helping elderly people who have social, economic or health needs. Approximately 30 percent of the British students (N = 71) and 50 percent of the Canadian students (N = 124) expressed a belief in a just world. In both groups, just world believers blamed elderly people for being in poor health or financial circumstances, and the Canadian just world believers also tended to dismiss the needs of elderly people for the convenience of society. These and other differences in the attitudes of the British and Canadian students toward elderly people are discussed from a social and historical context. Implications of a belief in a just world by social science students are discussed in relation to the provision of social services to elderly people.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Experimental evaluation of "The Images Within": an alcohol education and prevention program.

A program titled "The Images Within" was implemented and evaluated in three sites on the east coast of the United States. This school curriculum uses art work developed by children of alcoholics to stimulate classroom discussions of the problems of parental alcohol abuse. The evaluation with 278 experimental and 310 control students indicated increased knowledge about the effects of alcohol and improved skills in coping with alcohol problems and help seeking behavior. Process data indicated that related programs were initiated, students were stimulated by the program and teachers were positive in their perceptions of the program. Schools implementing this program need to have developed referral networks to handle the individual concerns that are expressed as a result of participation in "The Images Within."

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Perceptions of help given to healthy older mothers by adult daughters: ways of initiating help and types of help given.

Older mother-adult daughter dyads (N = 43) addressed two issues pertaining to the ways in which help is initiated (offered, requested, and imposed help) and type of help given (instrumental help, advice, and emotional support) a) mothers' reasoning about these aspects of help, and b) daughters' understanding of mothers' feelings. Both groups noted that mothers were most comfortable with offered help; however, mothers indicated equal comfort with requested or imposed help, while daughters felt mothers were more comfortable with requested help than imposed help. Mothers and daughters both felt that mothers were less comfortable receiving additional instrumental help or advice than emotional support. Reasons given for mothers' feelings indicated that mothers saw both positive and negative elements in the help given by their adult daughters. Overall, daughters demonstrated a good understanding of mothers' feelings about the helping relationship.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1976

Interest in entering helping activities and self-disclosure to three targets on the Jourard self-disclosure scale.

Jourard's 40-item Self-disclosure Questionnaire was administered to 50 students in a training and selection program for a quasi-counseling position and 52 randomly selected students. Subjects indicated past disclosures to three target persons, parents, best friend, and stranger. Results indicated: highest disclosures were reported to best friends, lowest to strangers; subjects interested in the quasi-counseling position reported more disclosure than subjects not interested in this position; females reported more disclosure than males only to strangers.

Awareness↗
PubMed1976

Determinants of personal space in young children: perception of distance cues.

Two methods of assessing personal space in young children were examined in a group of 24 boys and 24 girls, aged 3 to 6 yr. When sex of peer figures and affect attributed to them were varied, 3-yr.-olds made distance-cue judgements based on affect but failed to use affect cues in structuring personal space. However, 4- to 6-yr.-olds readily perceived and used distance to communicate the affective quality of peer relations. On both measures, perception of distance cues increased with age. Only girls also used sex of figures as a social cue in depicting appropriate distances.

Affect↗