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At least 1,549 records · Page 86Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The role of EMG awareness in EMG biofeedback learning.

Underlying most research on biofeedback learning is a theoretical model of the processes involved. The current study tested a prediction from the Awareness Model: High initial EMG awareness should facilitate response control during EMG biofeedback training. Seventy-two undergraduates were assessed for forehead EMG awareness by asking them to produce target responses from 1.0 to 5.0 microV every 15 s for 16 trials. Based on this assessment, two groups (high and low awareness) were trained for 64 trials to produce these target levels with either EMG biofeedback, practice (no feedback), or noncontingent EMG feedback. A transfer task was identical to the initial assessment. During training, the biofeedback group deviated less from target than the practice and noncontingent groups. The biofeedback group was the only group to improve from initial EMG awareness activity. During transfer, only the low awareness biofeedback group remained below initial EMG awareness level. These findings can be interpreted in terms of the Two-Process Model.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Surgical advances. A comprehensive approach to surgical rejuvenation of the eyes.

Methods to rejuvenate the eye region include shortening of the forehead, raising the brow, improving the upper eyelids by excision of blepharochalasis tissue, and reducing lower eyelid fat pads by a transconjunctival approach and at the same time elevating the stretched lateral canthus by an effective canthopexy. The risks and complications of these procedures are minimal, circumscribing the shortcomings of conventional blepharoplasty.

Forehead↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevation of the lateral brow without the help of an endoscope.

One of the first signs of facial aging appears in the forehead, with the descent of the lateral part of the brow. This is a troubling condition for young patients, and elevation of the lateral part of the brow becomes a more and more frequent demand in the young population. A simple technique that can be performed alone or at the time of a facelift is presented here. Results are shown to demonstrate the efficiency of the procedure.

Forehead↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic foreheadplasty: temporary vs. permanent fixation.

The introduction of fiberoptic endoscopes has fostered the development of minimally invasive aesthetic facial plastic surgery. The application of this new technology is most widely used in rejuvenation of the mildly to moderately ptotic brow. The concept of endoscopic foreheadplasty is based upon the following maneuvers. First, a sub- or supraperiosteal dissection of the parietal, occipital, and frontal scalp to the level of the superior and lateral orbital rims and zygomatic arch must be accomplished. Second, incision and release of the superior and lateral orbital periosteum are performed. Third, selective myotomies of the brow depressor muscles are completed. These maneuvers allow the brow to be permanently elevated into a desired position following fixation and healing. A significant limitation of this procedure appears to be the ability to predict the long-term forehead and brow elevation. We believe that permanent fixation is one of the best methods to ensure that the desired elevation is maintained. We contrast two series of patients, one with temporary fixation technique and the other with permanent fixation. We review the results and discuss the rationale and advantages of permanent fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Changes in body temperature during profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in adult patients undergoing aortic arch reconstruction.

PURPOSE: Our aim was to characterize changes in body temperatures during profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) conducted with the sternum opened. METHODS: In ten adult patients who underwent profound hypothermic (< 20 degrees C) CPB for aortic arch reconstruction, pulmonary arterial temperature (PAT), nasopharyngeal temperature (NPT), forehead deep-tissue temperature (FHT), and urinary bladder temperature (UBT) were recorded every 1 min throughout the surgery. In addition, the CPB venous line temperature (CPBT), a reasonable indicator of mixed venous blood temperature during CPB and believed to best reflect core temperature during stabilized hypothermia on CPB, was recorded during the period of total CPB. RESULTS: PAT began to change immediately after the start of cooling or rewarming, closely matching the CPBT ( r = 0.98). During either situation, the other four temperatures lagged behind PAT ( P < 0.05); however, NPT followed PAT more closely than the other three temperatures ( P < 0.05). During stabilized hypothermia, PAT, NPT, and FHT, but not UBT, closely matched the CPBT, with gradients of less than 0.5 degrees C. CONCLUSION: During induction of profound hypothermia and its reversal on total CPB with the heart in situ, a PA catheter thermistor, presumably because of its placement immediately behind the superior vena cava, would provide a reliable measure of the mixed venous blood temperature. During stabilized profound hypothermia, PAT, NPT, and FHT, but not UBT, serve as a reliable index of core temperature.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Left-right asymmetry of the facial microvascular control.

Facial blood flow and temperature were significantly higher on the right side of the forehead compared to the left. This asymmetry implies that the hemispheric autonomic control of the face differs and could influence the expression of emotion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The headbangers tumour.

Two cases are reported of West Indian black children who presented with chronic soft tissue swellings in the centre of the forehead. These lesions, not previously described, are the result of habitual head banging and their benign nature was confirmed histologically. Self-inflicted trauma should be seriously considered in the diagnosis of similar lesions and, in children particularly, the possibility of non-accidental injury should not be overlooked.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An objective determination of +Gz acceleration tolerance.

Until recently, human +Gz acceleration tolerance has relied solely on subjective criteria relating to loss of vision. By use of newly developed noninvasive instrumentation using a transcutaneous Doppler flow system, objective end point criteria have been developed based on measured blood flow to the head. The system consists of miniature 8 MHz Doppler sensors (2 x 1 x 0.5 cm) placed on the forehead over both frontal branches of the temporal arteries to detect blood flow velocity from back scattered ultrasound. Its use has allowed for correlation of altered, decreased and actual reversal of eye level blood flow with subsequent central light loss. Over 100 subjects have now been studied during more than 2,000 centrifuge runs. Objective changes in temporal artery flow velocity consistently preceded visual degradation for each subject during all acceleration profiles. No subject has gone unconscious without first exhibiting a minimum 6 sec of total flow cessation. Retrograde flow followed by complete flow cessation always preceded central light loss. Results indicate that this method can be successfully used with a wide variety of tasks during exposure to +Gz acceleration. It is recommended for use during evaluation of protective maneuvers or devices on the centrifuge or during actual flight in high performance aircraft. It may also serve as a potential safety monitor during space Shuttle re-entry if there is doubt about a passenger's cardiovascular status.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1991

Lymphoblastic lymphoma presenting in cutaneous sites. A clinicopathologic analysis of six cases.

Six patients with malignant lymphoma of lymphoblastic type involving cutaneous sites at time of diagnosis are presented. Skin sites of the head and neck were involved in all patients and included the scalp (three patients), forehead (two patients), and malar region of the face (one patient). Two patients also had additional sites of skin disease (neck, breast, and anterior trunk). In two patients the skin was the predominant site of disease, whereas in the remaining patients staging workup revealed generalized lymphoma. The histologic findings in each patient were typical of lymphoblastic lymphoma; the neoplastic cells were small with blastic nuclear chromatin. In three patients the neoplastic cells were convoluted, and in three they were nonconvoluted. Immunophenotypically, four lymphomas were of pre-B cell type, and two lymphomas were of T cell type. There was no correlation between histologic features and the immunophenotype. Since the majority of lymphoblastic lymphomas are of T cell type, the predominance of pre-B cell tumors involving the skin may suggest that pre-B cell neoplasms have a predilection for cutaneous involvement. In further support of this hypothesis, both lymphomas that appear to have arisen in the skin had a pre-B cell immunophenotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantification of skin color in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: In patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis, a peculiar hyperpigmentation develops, the intensity of which may or may not be related to the duration of treatment and use of erythropoietin. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to conduct a comparative cross-sectional study of white patients with distinct diseases that modify their skin color. METHODS: A reflected-light colorimeter was used to compare the color of the forehead and forearms of 61 white patients receiving hemodialysis with that of matched controls and of patients with anemia or icterus. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in both reflectance and chromaticity between these groups of patients. Duration of hemodialysis and use of erythropoietin did not significantly influence the colorimetric measurements. CONCLUSION: The use of a color-reflectance meter allows precise evaluation of subtle changes in skin color and may be used to monitor several diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Use of a durometer to assess skin hardness.

BACKGROUND: Skin induration is difficult to quantify. In patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), a clinical skin severity score (0 = normal skin; 3 = maximal induration) has been in use for several years for assessment of skin involvement and therapeutic outcome. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to find a more objective method to assess skin hardness in patients with scleroderma. METHODS: Finger pads, forearms, and thighs of 12 sequential nonselected patients with scleroderma and eight normal control subjects were scored by an observer blinded as to group, and quadruplicate determinations of the degree of skin induration at these anatomic sites were made with a hand-held type O durometer. RESULTS: Consistently, these anatomic sites except for the forehead showed a direct relation between the skin severity score and the hardness measured with the durometer. The best results were obtained from the index finger pad where, compared with uninvolved skin, an increased skin severity score was associated with higher durometer readings (p = 0.0032, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.0005 for skin scores of 1, 2, and 3, respectively). CONCLUSION: The durometer is an effective and reliable method to assess skin hardness.

Elasticity↗
PubMed1988

Pneumosinus dilatans.

Deformity of the forehead is usually the first clinical presentation of the abnormally enlarged paranasal sinuses caused by pneumosinus dilatans. The diagnosis and surgical treatment of two cases are reported. The type of osteotomy described is recommended as a method of surgical treatment of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Esthetic evaluation and treatment of the upper one third of the face.

Esthetic assessment and treatment planning for the upper one third of the face is reviewed. The importance of esthetic anatomy in evaluation of the face as a whole is stressed. Three basic approaches to the forehead and brow lift are discussed, with particular regard to patient selection, indications, and contraindications. Clinical cases are presented as examples.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Measurement of facial skin temperature.

It is essential to know the pattern of facial skin temperatures in normal subjects to be able to objectively assess differences in cases of nerve injury. Thirty healthy adults were selected at random to investigate the pattern of facial temperature using liquid crystal thermography and an electronic thermocouple system. The highest temperature of the face was in the forehead area (c, 34 degrees C) and the lowest (c. 32 degrees C) in the cheek area. If ambient temperature and humidity are controlled in a draught-free environment, symmetry of the facial skin temperature can be maintained. It is concluded that measurements of facial skin temperature may be used to investigate and assess lesions of peripheral branches of cranial nerves supplying the face.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields after mechanical stimulation of the scalp in humans.

Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields after mechanical stimulation by air-pressure-induced tapping which was applied to the forehead and occiput were examined in normal human subjects. The equivalent current dipole (ECD) of the initial magnetic field, 1M, was identified in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulation. The ECD of the subsequent magnetic fields, 2M, was identified in bilateral second sensory cortices (SII). The ECD position of 1M in SI generated after the scalp stimulation was closely inferior to the hand area of the SI, which was consistent with the well-known somatotopic organization, 'homunculus'.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An accurate and ergonomic method of registration for image-guided neurosurgery.

We have developed a system for accurately and conveniently achieving surgical registration for image-guided neurosurgery, based on alignment and matching of patient forehead contours. The system consists of a contour digitizer that is used in the operating room to acquire patient contours, editing software for extracting contours from patient image data sets, and a contour-match algorithm for aligning the two contours and performing data set registration. Initial tests of the individual portions of the system have found each to be robust; we are in the process of refining the design of the optical digitizer in order to further automate the procedure as well as provide increased accuracy.

Algorithms↗