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PubMedDate not supplied

Automation of performance measures reporting.

This article describes efforts to design and automate a balanced performance indicator report to meet the needs of hospital and physician leaders. Indicator measurement reports provide clinical information but often do not provide other administrative data. An automation team developed business rules, standardized definitions, and developed a Web-based electronic application to report quarterly indicators. The efficiency and effectiveness of the automation project were measured and included report production time, data sources, indicators included, and statistical significance of indicator rates. Significant improvement in efficiency of report preparation and a decrease in resources used were demonstrated through this automation project, although variation existed among clinical services. Generic performance measures reports encompassing clinical and administrative data can improve the consistency and quality of reporting to the medical staff. The process provided insight for expanding the prototype.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2002

Rapid microwell polymerase chain reaction with subsequent ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis of DNA.

Large-scale genotyping, mapping and expression profiling require affordable, fully automated high-throughput devices enabling rapid, high-performance analysis using minute quantities of reagents. In this paper, we describe a new combination of microwell polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based DNA amplification technique with automated ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis analysis of the resulting products. This technique decreases the reagent consumption (total reaction volume 0.75-1 microL), the time requirement of the PCR (15-20 min) and subsequent ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis based fragment analysis (5 min) by automating the current manual procedure and reducing the human intervention using sample loading robots and computerized real time data analysis. Small aliquots (0.2 microL) of the submicroliter size PCR reaction were transferred onto loading membranes and analyzed by ultrathin-layer gel electrophoresis which is a novel, high-performance and automated microseparation technique. This system employs integrated scanning laser-induced fluorescence-avalanche photodiode detection and combines the advantages of conventional slab and capillary gel electrophoresis. Visualization of the DNA fragments was accomplished by "in migratio" complexation with ethidium bromide during the electrophoresis process also enabling real time imaging and data analysis.

Automation↗
PubMed1985

The computerized genogram.

Genograms are used in family therapy and family medicine to assess the family from a systemic perspective. Computerized genograms automate the process and allow the clinician to manipulate data in a number of different ways.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed1991

A microcomputer system for collecting and processing physiological information about the masticatory system.

A software system has been written for IBM PC, XT, AT and compatible computers to be used for data collection, analysis and display. The system supports the sampling and processing of data for jaw movement tracks, myoelectrical activities of masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and occlusal sounds and bite force, etc. The package includes the following functions: calculating displacement, velocity, curvature, and curvature center of jaw movement trace, analyzing myoelectrical signals in amplitude integration, root mean square and power spectrum, processing TMJ sounds and occlusal sounds and bite force, analysing jaw movement traces and myoelectrical activities during mastication simultaneously, determining the maxillomandibular relations, etc. The program also provides versatile formatting capability for video, printing and plotting of data, and graph creation. The most of the above programs have flexibility and adaptability to other physiological signal processes.

Bite Force↗
PubMed1995

A public/private partnership in the quest for quality: development of cerebrovascular disease practice guidelines and review criteria.

The development of Uniform Clinical Data Set (UCDS) algorithms for cerebrovascular disease can serve as a model for cooperation between government agencies and physician organizations in the development of clinical guidelines and the translation of practice guidelines into review criteria. UCDS is a computerized system of data collection and case finding developed by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to standardize the Peer Review Organization screening process for potential utilization and quality problems. Input on the cerebrovascular disease algorithms was provided through the American Medical Association UCDS Advisory Panel and the American Academy of Neurology Task Force on Hospital Utilization for Stroke. Physician organizations were successful in identifying problematic areas, improving the original algorithms, suggesting new issues for development, and deleting inappropriate or misdirected algorithms. Since HCFA modified the cerebrovascular disease algorithms in response to feedback, physician organizations have had an important impact on algorithm development. Unfortunately, the process for algorithm review was often complicated, inefficient, and slow. This process is reviewed, problems and constraints are discussed, and specific recommendations are given for improving the process.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

[Computer programs for clinical laboratories].

Computer programs for medical diagnostic laboratories which help save time needed for making files and improve their quality are to be differentiated from application programs for specific analyses. Any laboratory program consists of a nucleus and periphery. The nucleus includes the modules (which can be presented as individual files) carrying out the operations obligatory for any laboratory, such as registration of patients, making working lists, validation of results, making reports for clients and progress reports, archives, and quality systems. Modules ensuring the function of the program, namely, introduction of the names and parameters of methods, names of clients, staff personal, etc., are also referred to the nucleus. The periphery of a program consists of utilities or modules for certain analyzers, for data transfer to clients or to the central computer, and for sophisticated methods of data processing. A program meeting the medical requirements is to make use of only accredited methods of logical data processing, ensure the confidentiality and reliability of information, and keep records about the operations (who and when performed an operation and what operation was performed).

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1975

An integrated data system for the retail pharmaceutical service.

A machine has been designed for use in a retail pharmacy which counts tablets and records the count beside a machine-read bar code indicating the identity of the drug. Such data could be used for retail stock control and passed on for use by wholesaler, manufacturer and prescription pricing bureau for their routine processes. Thus present processes would be greatly simplified and some other advantages gained.

Drug and Narcotic Control↗
PubMed1993

How much information is lost during processing? A case study of pediatric emergency department records.

This is a retrospective study determining the completeness and accuracy of processed information of emergency department (ED) records of a busy urban children's hospital. The method of study was based on comparing computer processed information with that in the patient's medical chart. A total of 457 ED visits from April 5 to April 25 of 1992 were audited. Accuracy was found to differ with the type of data element and the setting. Among admissions, admitting diagnoses coding had the highest error rate (53.1%), followed by age (33.2%), admitting time (31.0%), and admitting ward (12.5%). Among discharges, time in had the highest error rate (76.0%), followed by area where seen (56.9%), physician name (48.4%), time out (37.8%), age (33.3%), mode of arrival (26.2%), diagnosis (20.1%), patient's condition (17.3%), and triage level (10.7%). Despite advances in computerized information systems, error rates of processed information remain unacceptably high. Future information systems should be interactive, recording rather than processing information flows between the provider and the patient.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Resolving the evolutionary paradox of genetic instability: a cost-benefit analysis of DNA repair in changing environments.

Loss of genetic stability is a critical phenomenon in cancer and antibiotic resistance, and the prevailing dogma is that unstable cells survive because instability provides adaptive mutations. Challenging this view, we have argued that genetic instability arises because DNA repair may be a counterproductive strategy in mutagenic environments. This paradoxical relationship has also been confirmed by explicit experiments, but the underlying evolutionary principles remain controversial. This paper aims to clarify the issue, and presents a model that explains genetic instability from the basic perspective of molecular evolution and information processing.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Optical recording of spatiotemporal activation of rat somatosensory and visual cortex in vitro.

A comparative analysis of spatiotemporal activation patterns of somatosensory and visual cortex was carried out in slice preparations using optical recording with voltage-sensitive dyes. Activity propagation velocities were found to be similar in both areas in all layers. Vertical propagation velocity is higher than horizontal propagation velocities. Differences between the two sensory areas exist in terms of horizontal activity spread, that is similar in extragranular layers but smaller in somatosensory than in visual cortex in layer IV. These results imply that despite the extensive similarities in the organization of sensory cortical areas, systematic areal variations in the horizontal cortical plane are present that may reflect adaptations needed for the processing of the corresponding sensory modality.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The information and communication society: how people will live and work in the new millennium.

This paper analyses information and communication technology (ICT) and its relation to work organizations, human communication, stress, allocation issues, knowledge transfer and global villages. An interdisciplinary research programme on 'Computer technology and work life' was initiated and led by the author at Stockholm University in 1974, followed by many programmes in Sweden in the field. A theoretical framework was developed including two theoretical models, one more general, the other where the concepts and their interrelationships were specified. The models were tested empirically in three large work organizations in Sweden, representing three main historical periods of computer technology. It was also used as a model in discussing what might be desirable goals in the information society. The present fourth period, the 'Network period', is characterized by a convergence of three main technologies: computer, telecommunication and media. ICT is used in almost every activity and is embedded in many things. The author proposes a superimposed theoretical model reflecting 'ICT and the psychosocial life environment', a revised model of her initial models. Finally, future research is discussed with reference to theoretical models revised, and conclusions address major psychosocial processes, psychosocial life environments and a call for synthesis.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1998

Hallucinatory modalities in prelingually deaf schizophrenic patients: a retrospective analysis of 67 cases.

In order to examine the effect of congenital or early acquired deafness on hallucinatory modalities in schizophrenia, we interviewed 67 prelingually deaf schizophrenic patients (using sign language) about their hallucinatory experiences over the entire course of their illness. We also analysed the clinical records of our subjects' previous hospitalizations. In our deaf sample, visual and tactile hallucinations were plainly over-represented as hallucinatory modalities in comparison with hearing schizophrenic samples. Although some patients reported visual hallucinatory perceptions of sign language messages, the hallucinatory reception of meaningful information in deaf patients seems also to remain affiliated to the 'auditory' modality. It was concluded that the different representation of hallucinatory modalities reflects in particular the influence of 'the deaf way' of sensory experience on imagery processes.

Adolescent↗