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PubMed1999

[Not Available].

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Dictionaries as Topic↗
PubMed1998

[The national biography - a comprehensive research project].

This project was initiated by the Finnish Historical Society in 1993. The reason was an increasing interest in biographies. The aim is to write 6000 Finnish biographies in 11-12 volumes. The articles are planned to be published in the beginning of the year 2000. Selected historical characters from the Middle Ages to the present day are to be described. The most influential persons in politics, economy and the church as well as in art and sport are presented in articles of 20-30 pages. Certain persons representing the economy of life of previous times are presented in shorter articles as examples of the circumstances of their days. In addition extraordinary characters considered to be of special interest to the readers are introduced. The border between the groups is indistinct. The witches from the 17th Century are, for example, both typical representatives of their time and exceptional persons as seen by modern people. Similarities between old magic and modern "alternative" medicine are also obvious. An object of special interest is women's history, which previously has been almost overlooked. Female biographies now constitute about 15% of the articles. The National Biography is also available as a net version. The first articles were opened in late 1997 in the Internet. In the field of medical science, all the most prominent persons in the history of medicine and related professions are included, beginning from the king's physician Johan Copp in the 16th century. The medical profession is extended so as to consist of university professors and scientists, practitioners and promotors of administration as well as healers.

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed2001

The role of definitions in biomedical concept representation.

The Foundational Model (FM) of anatomy, developed as an anatomical enhancement of UMLS, classifies anatomical entities in a structural context. Explicit definitions have played a critical role in the establishment of FM classes. Essential structural properties that distinguish a group of anatomical entities serve as the differentiate for defining classes. These, as well as other structural attributes, are introduced as template slots in Protégé, a frame-based knowledge acquisition system, and are inherited by descendants of the class. A set of desiderata has evolved during the instantiation of the FM for formulating definitions. We contend that 1. these desiderata generalize to non-anatomical domains and 2. satisfying them in constituent vocabularies of UMLS would enhance the quality of information retrievable through UMLS.

Anatomy↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation. Multislice computed tomography systems.

Multislice computed tomography (CT) systems are an important step forward in CT technology and will probably displace traditional single-slice systems within the next 10 years. Unlike single-slice CT, multislice can acquire two or more slices in a single rotation. This faster scanning speed allows more slices--and thinner ones--to be obtained. It also reduces or eliminates artifacts produced by patient movement and reduces the x-ray tube heating that can constrain single-slice scanning parameters. At the same time, multislice CT is more expensive than single-slice and has the potential to increase the radiation dose delivered to patients. For this Evaluation, we tested four-slice scanners from GE, Philips, Siemens, and Toshiba, examining their technical and clinical performance and their ease of use. All four products represent a considerable advance over single-slice scanners, and we rate them all Acceptable. We rank two of them higher than the others because of their suppliers' proven ability to upgrade their scanners and because of the demonstrated efficacy of the scanners' automated dose-control systems. Also in this Evaluation, we discuss just why automated dose control is so important and provide advice on deciding at what point you should acquire a multislice scanner.

Contrast Media↗