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PubMed1976

Observations on the feeding mechanism, diet and digestive physiology of Histriobdella homari Van Beneden 1858: an aberrant polychaete symbiotic with North American and European lobsters.

1. The aberrant annelid Histriobdella homari (Polychaeta:Eunicida) lives in the branchial chambers of the marine lobsters Homarus americanus and H. vulgaris where it feeds on the rich microflora of bacteria, blue-green algae and related organisms which grow on the inner surface of the branchial chamber, the setae fringing the edges of the carapace, the gill filaments and, especially, the surfaces and setae of the epipodite plates between the gills. H. homari, therefore, is to be regarded as an epizoic microphagous cleaning symbiote of the lobsters. 2. The alimentary canal consists of mouth, buccal cavity, oesophagus, proventriculus, stomach, intestine and anus. The much-modified proboscis lies ventrally below the oesophagus and proventriculus, with its anterior portions protruding into the rear of the buccal cavity. 3. The proboscis consists of two fixed parallel mandibles, a transverse carrier which slides upon the mandibles and to which is attached, posteriorly, a median flexible dorsal rod and, anteriorly, four pairs of movable articulated maxillae, paired external and internal retractor muscles and various tensor, flexor and extensor muscles. 4. Contraction of the retractor muscles withdraws the carrier and maxillae posteriorly, causing bowing of the dorsal rod which is fixed at its posterior end. Relaxation of the muscles allows the rod to straighten and, thus, causes protraction of the carrier and protraction and lateral expansion of the maxillae. Contraction and relaxation of the relaxation of the retractor muscles are supplemented by appropriate changes in the other muscular components of the proboscis. 5. During feeding the serrated anterior ends of the mandibles are applied to the food, the maxillae are fully expanded and then dawn ventro-posteriorly toward the mid-line by contraction of the retractor muscles in the effective movement of the feeding mechanism. This draws the food organisms across the anterior ends of the mandibles, detaching them from the substratum and allowing their ingestion by ciliary action. The first pair of maxillae are also capable of independent action and can be used while the remainder of the proboscis apparatus is held in the protracted position. 6. Detached microorganisms are entangled in a sticky mucous secretion from the salivary glands; other salivary secretions provide a transport medium for the clumped particles and a third set contain C-esterases which initiate digestion. 7. Ingested food is held briefly in the proventriculus, then passed to the stomach where gland cells secrete A- and C-esterases which continue and extend the digestion initiated by the salivary C-esterases. 8. Some soluble products of gastric digestion are taken up by absorptive cells in the stomach wall and their digestion is completed intracellularly by enzymes which include beta-glucuronidase. Others pass into the intestine for absorption and completion of digestion by cells similar to the gastric absorptive cells but which lack beta-glucuronidase...

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Effects of oscillating dietary protein on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, and gastrointestinal organ mass in sheep.

Twenty-four wether lambs (BW = 37.5 +/- 0.8 kg) were used in a 64-d randomized complete block design experiment to evaluate the effect of oscillating dietary CP with undegradable intake protein (UIP) on diet digestibility, N retention, and gastrointestinal (GI) organ mass. Four treatments consisted of a 13, 15, or 17% CP diet fed daily or a regimen in which dietary CP was oscillated between 13 and 17% on a 48-h basis (ACP). All diets consisted of 65% bromegrass hay (10.5% CP, 61.9% NDF, 37.2% ADF) and 35% corn-based supplement, and were formulated to contain the same amount of degradable intake protein (9.6% of dry matter), plus additional UIP (from SoyPLUS) to accomplish CP levels above 13%. Beginning on d 52, N balance collections were conducted for 8 d, after which lambs were killed on d 62 and 64 of the trial for measurement of GI organ mass. Because intake was restricted to 3.0% of initial body weight (dry matter basis), dry matter intake did not differ (P > or = 0.67) and no treatment effects (P > or = 0.36) on ADG, feed efficiency, or total tract DM digestibility were observed. Increasing dietary CP from 13 to 17% linearly increased (P = 0.0001) N digestibility, but lambs fed ACP had lower (P = 0.07) total tract N digestibility than those fed 15% CP daily. Although urinary N excretion increased linearly (P = 0.0001) with increasing CP, a linear increase (P = 0.07) was observed in N retention (g/d) with increasing dietary CP. Although the quantity of N retained by lambs fed ACP was not statistically different (g/d, P = 0.19; % of digested N, P = 0.23) from those fed 15% CP daily, N retention in lambs fed ACP was 42% lower than in those fed 15% CP daily (1.8 vs 3.1 g/d, respectively). Increasing CP linearly decreased (P < or = 0.09) weights of the reticulorumen, abomasum, and small intestine, but did not affect (P > or = 0.16) liver or omasum weights. Length of the small intestine was not affected (P > or = 0.45) by treatment, but lambs fed ACP had greater (P = 0.03) small intestine weights than those fed 15% CP daily. Increasing dietary CP linearly decreased (P = 0.03) total GI organ mass, and lambs fed ACP had a greater (P = 0.03) total GI organ mass than those fed 15% CP daily. Oscillating dietary CP may increase the weights of the GI organs, which may subsequently have negative effects on N and energy metabolism in the animal. Likewise, the potential for decreased GI organ mass in response to increased supply of CP with UIP deserves further investigation.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Forestomach and whole tract digestibility for lactating dairy cows as influenced by feeding frequency.

Three lactating Holstein cows, averaging 510 kg and fitted with T-type duodenal cannulae in the proximal duodenum, were in a 3 X 3 Latin-square experiment to measure digestion in forestomachs and whole tract of feed nitrogen and neutral detergent fiber components as influenced by frequency of feeding. Cows were fed one diet containing 65% chopped grass legume hay, 26% cracked corn, and 8% soybean meal. Mixed ration was fed either once daily, four times daily, or the concentrate portion of the diet was fed once daily and the forage portion four times. Ytterbium, as ytterbium chloride, was included with diets to allow calculation of flow rates of duodenal and fecal dry matter. Assayed ratios of nitrogen to diaminopimelic acid in ruminal bacteria and duodenal digesta or fecal bacteria and feces were used to calculate duodenal and fecal bacterial nitrogen flows respectively. Ratios of nitrogen to diaminopimelic acid in ruminal and fecal bacteria averaged 4.15 and 2.38 g/mmol. Apparent digestibility of organic matter in the forestomachs and whole tract averaged 43.7 and 66.4%. Forestomach and whole tract digestibility of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin averaged 56.1, 52.0, 14.7, and 58.7, 58.5, and 16.8. Bacterial nitrogen flows averaged 255 and 91 g/day at the duodenum and in the feces. Bacterial nitrogen yield in the rumen averaged 36.6 g/kg organic matter apparently digested in the forestomachs. Frequency of feeding had no effect on almost all measures and components of rumen and whole tract metabolism and digestion. For these intakes, frequency of feeding had little effect on feed intake and nutrient utilization.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1999

Ileal amino acid digestibilities in pigs of barley-based diets with inclusion of lucerne (Medicago sativa), white clover (Trifolium repens), red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne).

Two experiments were performed with post-valve T-cannulated growing pigs, using five animals in each experiment in a change-over design to evaluate the effect of inclusion of four different dried forage meals on ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibilities. The control diets (C1 and C2) were barley-based and the experimental diets were formulated by replacing the barley with 100 or 200 g/kg of either lucerne (Medicago sativa) or white clover (Trifolium repens) meal in Expt 1 and red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) meal in Expt 2. A decrease (P < 0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility of CP and most of the essential and nonessential AA was found with the inclusion of luceme, white clover and perennial ryegrass meal in the barley-based diets. When red clover meal was included, only the apparent ileal digestibilities of CP, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine and glutamic acid were found to decrease (P < 0.05). The estimated apparent ileal digestibilities of most essential AA in the forage meals were lower than in the barley-based diets. The ileal flow of glucosamine and ornithine was found to increase (P < 0.05) with increasing proportion of fibre in the diet, suggesting an increase in endogenous N secretions and small-intestinal microbial activity. With the minor changes found for ileal essential AA digestibilities with forage meal inclusion in the diet the present data confirm the potential of forage meals as a source of protein in pig diets.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2002

[Physiology of microflora in the digestive tract].

The microflora of the digestive tract is a complex microbial ecosystem, well balanced, which in an aboral direction undergoes specific changes as to the ratio of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms the functions of which supplement each other--the aerobes ensure for the whole ecosystem the scavenger effect. The microbial profile of the digestive tract is typical by the absence of anaerobic microorganisms in the stomach and conversely their absolute predominance in the distal colon. The basic physiological functions of the microflora of the digestive tract can be characterized as follows: 1. microbial barrier against pathogens and potential pathogens, 2. formation of products of the microflora and their influence on the blood supply of the intestinal mucosa and peristaltics, 3. stimulation of the immune system in the gut, 4. reduction of bacterial translocation, 5. production of vitamins. To this problem in the world literature, contrary to ours, deserved attention has been paid for many years. Knowledge of the problem opens the door to expedient manipulation with the microbial flora of the digestive tract by the use of diet or prebiotics, probiotics as well as antibiotic treatment. The author presents a summary of basic findings which developed on the subject of physiological microflora of the digestive tract successively up to their present shape.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

[Digestive surgery in France. A national epidemiologic survey (1978-1982)].

An epidemiological survey, carried out from 1978 to 1982 in 460 public and private institutions randomly selected from all parts of France, provided an assessment of the activity performed in digestive surgery. The sample included 37,967 patients, yielding an annual estimation of 700,000 patients operated on in the entire country. Digestive surgery was the first surgical domain (20 p. 100 of the entire surgical activity); 51.5 p. 100 of the patients were males and 53 p. 100 were under 35 yr of age. The annual incidence of these operations was 1.3 per 100 population. The first reason for operation was appendicitis (43 p. 100), followed by hernia (17.2 p. 100), gallbladder and biliary tract (10 p. 100), and anal diseases (7.7 p. 100). Digestive cancers led to 32,000 operations each year, with a majority of colonic cancers (40 p. 100). Except for appendectomy and operations on the gallbladder and biliary tract, most procedures were more frequent in males, especially operations on the stomach and esophagus. Incidences of appendectomy, cholecystectomy, inguinal hernia repair and operations for digestive cancers were assessed by sex and age. Incidence of appendectomy was 3 to 4 times greater than in other countries. Intraoperative and immediate postoperative (less than 24 h) mortality was higher for digestive operations (4.7 p. 1000) than for surgery as a whole (2 p. 1000). It increased with age and was higher in males.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of different-sized rations on the physiology of the digestive and metabolic processes in sheep].

Tested was the effect of differently sized rations with sheep supplied with fistulae. The change in the size of the ration was said to bring about a change in the physiology of the digestive and metabolic processes as well as of the lung ventilation. The almost twice lowered size of the normal ration did not improve digestion and conversion when the ration had an improper structure. At an appropriate structure, though with a greater size the ration did not lower the level of the digestive and metabolic process, while the coefficients of digestibility substantially rose. It is believed, however, that the distribility coefficients alone cannot reflect thoroughly the physiology of digestion.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1981

Differentiation of the yolk-sac endoderm under the influence of the digestive-tract mesenchyme.

To reveal differentiation potency of yolk-sac endoderm, this tissue from quail embryos was cultured alone or in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes of chick embryos. When yolk-sac endoderm was cultured alone in vitro, the endoderm of the area vitellina differentiated into the yolk-sac parenchyma, but the endoderm of the extraembryonic area pellucida (EEAP) failed to differentiate into yolk-sac parenchyma, and the endoderm of the area vasculosa became necrotic. When endoderm of the area vitellina was cultured in association with digestive-tract mesenchymes, all the endodermal cells developed into yolk-sac parenchymal cells after two days. Later, basophilic cells appeared among them, and differentiated into both mesenchyme-specific epithelia and intestinal-type epithelium with a striated border, and villi were also formed. Goblet cells appeared in all types of recombinations. The endoderm of the EEAP cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes gave similar results to that of the area vitellina. In contrast, endoderm of the area vasculosa, when cultured with digestive-tract mesenchymes, became necrotic. The present investigation demonstrated that the endoderms of the area vitellina and of the EEAP differ in self-differentiation potency, and that their developmental fates can be modified by the influence of digestive-tract mesenchymes. These endoderms can differentiate into the mesenchyme-specific epithelia, though they often differentiate also into the intestinal-type epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[The digestive characteristics of fishes (the biocenotic aspects)].

The cavity, membrane and intracellular digestion is added by two additional types of digestion in the fish: a symbiont digestion and an induced autolysis. As the intensity of processes maintained by the enzyme systems of the victim and a symbiont depends upon the structure and conditions of the biocenosis, the latter are regarded as an ecological component. The enzymes of microflora and objects of feeding contribute much to digestive processes in fish and take part in the adaptation of their digestive system to the character of the food and specifics of the biocenosis.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1999

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in surgical patients: a systematic review of the evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the comparative efficacy of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in critically ill surgical and medical patients, and in selected subgroups of surgical patients with pancreatitis, major burn injury, and those undergoing major elective surgery and transplantation. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database was searched from January 1966 to December 1996 using the terms "decontamination or prophylaxis," "intensive care units," and "antibiotics." The search was limited to English-language studies evaluating the efficacy of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in human subjects. STUDY SELECTION: The primary review was restricted to prospective randomized trials. DATA EXTRACTION: End points of interest included rates of nosocomial pneumonia, bacteremia, urinary tract infection, wound infection, mortality, and length of intensive care unit stay. Methodologic quality of individual studies was assessed using a previously described model. DATA SYNTHESIS: Odds ratios (ORs) together with their (95% confidence interval [Cls]) were reported and determined using the Mantel-Haenszel method. Mortality was significantly reduced with the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in critically ill surgical patients (OR, 0.7, 95% CI, 0.52-0.93), while no such effect was demonstrated in critically ill medical patients (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18). The greatest effect was demonstrated in studies where both the topical and systemic components of the regimen were used. Rates of pneumonia were reduced in both subsets of patients, while those of bacteremia were significantly reduced only in surgical patients. CONCLUSIONS: Selective decontamination of the digestive tract notably reduces mortality in critically ill surgical patients, while critically ill medical patients derive no such benefit. These data suggest that the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract should be limited to those populations in whom rates of nosocomial infection are high and in whom infection contributes notably to adverse outcome.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis↗
PubMed2007

Digestive enzyme compartmentalization and recycling and sites of absorption and secretion along the midgut of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera) larvae.

Bostrichiformia is the less known major series of Coleoptera regarding digestive physiology. The midgut of Dermestes maculatus has a cylindrical ventriculus with anterior caeca. There is no cell differentiation along the ventriculus, except for the predominance of cells undergoing apocrine secretion in the anterior region. Apocrine secretion affects a larger extension and a greater number of cells in caeca than in ventriculus. Ventricular cells putatively secrete digestive enzymes, whereas caecal cells are supposed to secrete peritrophic gel (PG) glycoproteins. Feeding larvae with dyes showed that caeca are water-absorbing, whereas the posterior ventriculus is water-secreting. Midgut dissection revealed a PG and a peritrophic membrane (PM) covering the contents in anterior and posterior ventriculus, respectively. This was confirmed by in situ chitin detection with FITC-WGA conjugates. Ion-exchange chromatography of midgut homogenates, associated with enzymatic assays with natural and synthetic substrates and specific inhibitors, showed that trypsin and chymotrypsin are the major proteinases, cysteine proteinase is absent, and aspartic proteinase probably is negligible. Amylase and trypsin occur in contents and decrease along the ventriculus; the contrary is true for cell-membrane-bound aminopeptidase. Maltase is cell-membrane-bound and predominates in anterior and middle midgut. Digestive enzyme activities in hindgut are negligible. This, together with dye data, indicates that enzymes are recovered from inside PM by a posterior-anterior flux of fluid outside PM before being excreted. The combined results suggest that protein digestion starts in anterior midgut and ends in the surface of posterior midgut cells. All glycogen digestion takes place in anterior midgut.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

The inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes.

The evidence for the effect of polyphenol components of berries on digestive enzymes is reviewed. Anthocyanins inhibit alpha-glucosidase activity and can reduce blood glucose levels after starch-rich meals, a proven clinical therapy for controlling type II diabetes. Ellagitannins inhibit alpha-amylase activity and there is potential for synergistic effects on starch degradation after ingestion of berries such as raspberries and strawberries, which contain substantial amounts of ellagitannins and anthocyanins. A range of berry polyphenols (e.g. flavonols, anthocyanidins, ellagitannins and proanthocyanidins) can inhibit protease activities at levels which could affect protein digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, potential for the inhibition of gastrointestinal lipase activity, a proven therapeutic target for the control of obesity through reduced fat digestion, may be limited to proanthocyanidins. Taking into account the manifold possible synergies for inhibition of starch, protein and/or lipid digestion by the spectrum of polyphenol components present within berry species, the inhibition of digestive enzymes by dietary polyphenols may represent an under-reported mechanism for delivering some of the health benefits attributed to a diet rich in fruit and vegetables.

Anthocyanins↗
PubMed1980

Macrophage handling of soluble immune complexes. Ingestion and digestion of surface-bound complexes at 4, 20 and 37 degrees C.

Radioassays have been developed to measure, as separate events, the ingestion and degradation of macrophage-bound guinea pig IgG anti-DNP (2,4-dinitrophenyl)-DNP-BSA (bovine serum albumin) complexes of defined size and subclass. Complex ingestion was observed to be temperature-dependent and was effectively blocked only by a combination of inhibitors of respiration and glycolysis indicating that the process is under the same metabolic control as fluid phase pinocytosis. On the other hand, the half-life of membrane-bound complexes at 37 degrees C (t1/2 = 5.6 +/- 1.7 min) was considerably shorter than the value expected from membrane turnover studies (t1/2 = 22.4 min) suggesting that complexes are selectively cleared from the cell surface. The rate of ingestion at 20 degrees C was independent of complex size and of the IgG subclass used in complex formation, but was affected by in vivo stimulation of the macrophages before assay. Complex digestion was shown to be highly temperature-dependent and, at 37 degrees C, proceeded at a rate (t1/2 = 15.5 h) which was 20-60-fold slower than the rate of ingestion indicating that the latter is unlikely to influence digestion kinetics. On the other hand, the selective action of 2-deoxyglucose in blocking digestion, but not ingestion, suggests that pinosome-lysosome fusion may play a part in determining the overall catabolic rate. A 2 to 3-fold difference in digestion rates was observed between the proteins employed as antibody (guinea pig IgG1 or IgG2) and as antigen (DNP-BSA). This finding suggests that the intrinsic susceptibility of ingested proteins to enzymatic hydrolysis may be the prime determinant of digestion rate. As with ingestion, no discrimination was observed in the degradation of complexes of different size or IgG antibody subclass. The observations in this and the preceding study (Eur. J. Immunol. 1980. 10:317) indicate that complex size is important in determining the level of uptake by phagocytes but not subsequent events associated with catabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides.

Non-digestible oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates of the non-a-glucan type which, because of the configuration of their osidic bonds, resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes. In the colon they are fermented by anaerobic bacteria. Among the non-digestible oligosaccharides, the chicory fructooligosaccharides occupy a key position and, in most european countries, they are recognised as natural food ingredients. The other major products are the short chain fructooligosaccharides and galactooligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic synthesis using sucrose and lactose as substrates respectively, the soybean oligosaccharides, the xylooligosaccharides produced by partial hydrolysis of xylans and polydextrose or pyrodextrins prepared by a chemical treatment of carbohydrates. The most well known effect of most non-digestible oligosaccharides, and in particular of the fructooligosaccharides, is the selective stimulation of the growth of Bifidobacteria thus modifying significantly the composition of the colonic microbiota. Such a modification, which has clearly been demonstrated in human volunteers, is meant to be benificial in part because it is accompanied by a significant reduction in the number of bacteria reported to have pathogenic potential. Within the framework of research and development of "functional foods", such an effect justifies a "functional claim" for fructooligosaccharides namely "bifidogenesis". They are also typical "prebiotics". Besides their bifidogenic effect, the chicory fructooligosaccharides have additional nutritional properties on digestive physiological parameters like colonic pH and stool bulking which justify their classification as dietary fibers. Moreover, in experimental models, it has also been reported that they improve the bioavailability of essentiel minerals and that they reduce serum triglyceridemia by lowering hepatic lipogenesis. Such effects demonstrate interactions between the chicory fructooligosaccharides and key functions in the body but their significance for humans still need to be proven before being used to justify additional claims.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1987

Digestion and metabolism of high-tannin Eucalyptus foliage by the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae).

The digestion and metabolism of Eucalyptus melliodora foliage was studied in captive brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). The foliage was low in nitrogen and silica but high in lignified fibre and phenolics compared with diets consumed by most other herbivores. The high lignin content was suggested as the main cause of the low digestibility of E. melliodora cell walls (24%); microscopic observations of plant fragments in the caecum and faeces revealed few bacteria attached to lignified tissues. The conversion of digestible energy (0.34 MJ X kg-0.75 X d-1) to metabolizable energy (0.26 MJ X kg-0.75 X d-1) was low compared to most other herbivores, probably because of excretion of metabolites of leaf essential oils and phenolics in the urine. When the inhibitory effect of leaf tannins on fibre digestion was blocked by supplementing the animals with polyethylene glycol (PEG), intake of dry matter, metabolizable energy and digestible fibre increased. These effects were attributed to the reversal by PEG of tannin-microbial enzyme complexes. It was concluded that the gut-filling effect of a bulk of indigestible fibre is a major reason why the brushtail possum does not feed exclusively on Eucalyptus foliage in the wild.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Protein and lysine digestibility and protein quality of cooked Filipino rice diets and milled rice in growing rats.

The protein quality of typical rice-based menu of Filipino preschool child and adult and cooked milled rice was assessed for true digestibility (TD), biological value (BV) and net protein utilization (NPU) in growing rats. Lysine and energy digestibilities were also determined. For the preschool child diet, TD was 88.8%, BV 90.0%, and NPU 79.9%. For the adult diet, TD was 87.3%, BV 86.6%, and NPU 75.5%, whereas cooked rice had 90.0% TD, 82.5% BV and 74.3% NPU. Lysine digestibility was 95.4% for preschool child diet, 95.7% for adult diet, and 100.0% for rice. Digestible energy was 91.3% for preschool child diet, 93.0% for adult diet, and 95.3% in rice. Amino acid scores were 100.0% for preschooler diet, 92.1% for adult diet, and 62.2% for rice. Protein quality based on amino acid score corrected for TD was 88.8% for preschool child diet. 80.4% for adult diet, and 56.0% for rice. If based on lysine digestibility instead of TD, protein quality would be 7.1% higher.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Protein quality and digestible energy of selected foods determined in balance trials with rats.

Chemical analyses and balance trials with rats of 17 foods showed marked differences in protein quality. According to an in vitro procedure true protein digestibility was high (around 90%). The same was also the case for the in vivo values with the exception of two legumes, beans and chick peas, which were digested to a markedly lower degree when compared to the in vitro values. The assumed reason for this is discussed. Due to extensive differences in the amino acid composition of the 17 samples BV varied considerably with the lowest value (45.5) of rice-wheat gluten breakfast cereal. Energy digestibility was generally high. Amino acid digestibility determined in vivo followed the pattern of the corresponding protein digestibility, although marked differences occurred from one amino acid to another in the same food.

Amino Acids, Essential↗
PubMed1993

[Crude, digestible and indigestible fruit body proteins in oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus].

Different kinds of protein (crude, digestible, non-digestible) were analysed in caps and stipe of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) in four phases of development. The phases examined were: a (cap diameter < 5 cm); B (diameter 5-8 cm); C (diameter, 8-10 cm) and D (diameter > 10 cm). The Pleurotus variety analysed (the cap and the stipe) has a relative high crude protein content, the main part of which is digestible (average, 92%). During the four stages of fruit body ripening, stage B was the best, with the highest crude and digestible protein concentrations. In stage D the highest non-digestible protein content was measured in the cap and stipe. These data can be used for optimal harvesting of fruit bodies of cultivated P. ostreatus.

Digestion↗