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PubMed1997

Computer-assisted classification system for chest X-ray and computed tomography findings in occupational lung disease.

The ILO classification of pneumoconiotic changes in the lungs and pleura has become a standardized and widely accepted method of documentation in occupational medicine. Recently a classification system for computed tomography/high-resolution computed tomography (CT/HRCT) findings in the lung has been proposed as well. For both classification systems, computed-assisted programs have been developed that allow the storage and archiving of the results as well as further statistical processing. The programs are compatible with usual hardware configurations, have a comprehensible and transparent structure, and are easy to learn and adaptable to individual needs. The use of the computer-assisted classification systems is presented in the example of an insulator exposed to asbestos. The system of data documentation and processing has proved to be very practicable in the more than 2000 patients studied thus far.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1982

Applications of multidimensional computer graphics in medical systems.

Multidimensional computer graphics are demonstrated in two medical systems applications in this paper. First, multidimensional computer graphics are utilized for descriptive purposes to show the differences among 10 physician specialty groups for multivariate data available at admission to medical school. Second, multidimensional computer graphics are demonstrated as a method that can be used for screening school applicants. The novel method utilized to represent multivariate data requires the plotting of a face. Each feature of a face--for example, face height or ear diameter-can be utilized to represent a different dimension of multivariate data. Each face then represents a vector whose elements are the mean values of multiple variables, or it represents a multivariate observation.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1993

Aesthetic dental technique using a computer imaging system.

Patients are concerned about their appearance following an operation and would appreciate a preview of the final results. The key to treating a patient's anterior teeth is to first analyse his or her face, then develop a new tooth shape that is both functional and aesthetic. A computer imaging system can objectively portray the appearance which can be expected following an operation. Such a system, therefore, can be a very useful part of the armamentarium for analysis during the patient's pretreatment consultation.

Esthetics, Dental↗
PubMed1990

Computer-based clinical charting and patient case management.

During the past several years, computer systems have become an essential office tool in the day-to-day operation of many businesses, from large corporations to small companies. Like other businesses, home health care agencies are using computer systems to automate various aspects of their operation. Many companies soon discover that their computer system is second in importance only to their telephones in terms of accomplishing daily tasks.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed1993

A computer modelling system for the biomechanical interaction in product design.

We introduce our system approach to rehabilitation engineering in which the user product interaction is emphasised. We then discuss a computer based approach to the problems of design making use of analysis software for the mechanical interaction. Our developing system for design, making use of anthropometric data and mechanisms analysis, is placed in the context of ergonomics and occupational biomechanics. We report our initial case study of this approach.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1994

Computerized case-based instructional system for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of brain tumors.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: A computerized system that applies the case-based approach to training radiologists to diagnose brain tumors was designed. The authors attempted to provide residents a tool that supports their visual memory and inducts case-based reasoning. METHODS: A relational database with a digital image library was implemented and incorporated into a computer aided instruction environment based on case presentation. An indexing system was structured around case features (case history and radiologic findings). "If-then" type rules were used to control the search direction within the case library and to generate lists of diagnostic hypotheses. The indexing system was evaluated against cases "known" to the system. RESULTS: The current case library consists of 122 cases with 640 digitized images (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging). The accuracy of retrieval for "known" to the system cases was 80.7%. CONCLUSIONS: A case library stored on a personal computer can be efficiently searched for a combination of radiologic findings and can offer quality images for comparison to the case in question. A case library is a source of the information that may be used by different teaching applications.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Adequacy of the International 10-20 electrode system for computed neurophysiologic topography.

The adequacy of the International 10-20 System is reviewed in light of demands imposed on the accuracy of lead placement by improvements in spatiotemporal brain electrical activity mapping technology. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies reveal that the most frequent sources of inaccuracy of electrode locations are difficulties in defining the inion, variance in the anatomy of the occipital bone, inconspicuous sagittal deformities, variance of sulcal pattern, and brain width asymmetries. Owing to these factors, electrodes placed bilaterally and equidistant from the nasion-inion line may not be homotopically located. Therefore, the authors suggest that practitioners who employ the 10-20 System in order to gain precise and more individualized laterality information do so with extreme caution until the range of placement and interpretative errors is more precisely determined using CT/MRI-assisted EEG.

Brain↗
PubMed1984

A computer based system for collection, storage, retrieval and reporting accession information in a veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory.

Substantial data collected from large numbers of accessions, the need for comprehensive reporting of negative as well as positive laboratory findings, and the necessity for obtaining rapid diagnostic correlations prompted the development of a computer based system of accession data management for collection, storage, rapid retrieval, reporting, concording, and administrative compiling in a state-university Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1978

A computer-assisted bacteriology reporting and information system.

A computer system for reporting and recording all specimens processed by the routine bacteriology laboratory at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School is described. Features of interest are the method of input using a mixture of 3-character alphanumeric codes and numbers, cumulative reporting to the wards, and selective listing of relevant previous results for the patient, which is available to technical and supervisory staff during processing of the specimen. The relative value to the wards and the laboratory of each type of information transfer has been assessed. Overall the use of a computer has resulted in higher quality bench work and more accurate reporting. It seems little more expensive than a previous manual system, although it has transferred work from the technical to the clerical staff.

Bacteriology↗
PubMed1996

Special radiofrequency electrode system for computed tomography-guided pain-relieving procedures.

We present a new radiofrequency needle electrode system for use in pain-relieving procedures. The electrode system is used for computed tomography-guided percutaneous cordotomy, extralemniscal myelotomy, and trigeminal tractotomy. These special electrodes make it possible to perform selective cordotomies and selective trigeminal tractotomies under direct computed tomographic image control.

Electrodes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Basic imaging properties of a computed radiographic system with photostimulable phosphors.

We measured the characteristic curve, modulation transfer function (MTF), and the Wiener spectrum of a commercially available computed radiographic (CR) system with photostimulable phosphor plate (imaging plate, IP). The characteristic curve (system response) obtained by an inverse-square x-ray sensitometry showed a wide dynamic range (order of 10(3) in maximum). The slit technique was employed to determine the MTF's, such as IP MTF, presampling MTF including the unsharpness of the detector (IP) and the blurring effect of the sampling aperture, and laser-printer MTF. It was found that the MTF of the standard type of IP was comparable to that of medium-speed screen/film systems. The noticeable degradation of resolution in our CR system, however, occurred at the stage of image data sampling: the presampling MTF was inferior to the IP MTF due to the effect of the scattering and resultant spreading of the incidence laser beam and the emitted luminescence. The noise was characterized by means of digital Wiener spectrum using uniformly exposed noise data. Exposure ranges could be separated into different sections depending upon the noise sources, such as quantum mottle at low exposure and system structure noise at high exposure.

Light↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of 140S particles in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine by using the computer analyzing system.

The quantity of 140S particles in inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine samples produced in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Production Center (FMD Vaccine Production Center) in Thailand was estimated by the sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and optical density analysis by using the computer applying system. The soft ware; Chromato Data System (CDS) (Nihon Chromato Works Co., Ltd. Japan) which is prepared for the analysis of chromatography, was applied for the estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine. The quantity of 140S particles in each vaccine sample measured by CDS was mostly ranged from 2-4 micrograms/ml and this quantity was consistent with the results of the other reports. This method is considered to be the available method for estimation of 140S particles in FMDV vaccine as routine assay.

Aphthovirus↗
PubMed1997

Practical use of computerized hospital information systems to improve blood transfusion.

Data collection can be enhanced with the use of computers. Care must be taken, however, to ensure that the data collected have a purpose and meet either the quality assessment needs or business functions of the transfusion service. Required data elements are frequently in several data repositories and must be merged to obtain needed information. Effective data collection may be hindered by several factors, including a lack of data elements in the computer systems, data retention limitations, and changes in the computer system or collection needs. Personal computers with commonly available spreadsheet and database management software are useful in preparing summarized reports. An ideal report is legibly printed on one side of a sheet of paper and includes graphs and charts that enhance data presentation and facilitate trend analysis.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed1997

Clinical Applications of Picture Archival and Communications Systems in Radiation Oncology.

Picture archival and communications systems (PACS) for radiation oncology present an entirely different set of constraints and requirements from systems developed for diagnostic imaging. PACS for radiation oncology aid in organizing the complex, interrelated functions of radiation oncology. Integration of PACS with clinical data management systems will provide the backbone for the comprehensive computer system that has long been sought in radiation oncology. Simulation, geometric and dosimetric treatment planning, field shaping, set-up, verification, and delivery are now all observable and/or controllable from computer systems that can be interfaced with the departmental PACS. Costs are substantially lower than with diagnostic PACS because the systems can be based on desktop computers and the image resolution requirements are not as stringent. Each PACS user will have more information more easily available than under current systems of organization. Vendor support of digital image communications (DICOM) protocols will enable full integration of equipment regardless of manufacturer. Potential increased in productivity will be realized if the systems for handling and evaluating images are fully automated and provide the users with analytic tools that enhance the utility of systems such as electronic portal imagers, multileaf collimators, and clinical data management systems. this report describes our efforts in producing such a system.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Intensive monitoring of new drugs based on first prescription signals from pharmacists: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Intensive monitoring can be a valuable tool in the early detection of adverse drug reactions, especially of new drugs. Aim of this pilot study was to investigate the practical possibilities of a system of intensive monitoring, using the pharmacy computer system to detect the first dispensing of a new drug. METHOD: Eight pharmacists were asked to monitor, using their computer system, when a general practitioner prescribed the target drug (rofecoxib). The pharmacists were also requested to provide the researchers at Lareb with an overview of the patient's medication history. Subsequently, the pharmacist sent the prescribing physician an envelope containing information about the project and a reporting form (all provided by Lareb), which the GP was requested to return to Lareb after the next visit of the patient. The items on the questionnaire concerned characteristics of the patient (anonymous), indication, dose and information about possible adverse drug reactions. RESULTS: During a 4-week period, the participating pharmacists signalled 44 first prescriptions of rofecoxib. For each of these signals, the pharmacist provided Lareb with the medication history of the patient involved. Of the prescribing GPs who had been sent the report form, 70.5% (n = 31) returned the form. Twenty-one of the 31 forms were returned within 4 weeks. The medication histories showed that in 43 of the 44 cases, the dispensing of the target drug was indeed the first delivery. The participating pharmacists and GPs were also sent an evaluation form. All pharmacists returned their evaluations, indicating an overall motivation to participate in the proposed system. In total, seven GPs returned their evaluation forms, three of whom had not reported adverse drug events to the national spontaneous reporting centre before. CONCLUSION: Although the number of participants in this trial was small, we conclude that pharmacists and prescribing physicians are able and willing to contribute to an intensive monitoring system for new drugs.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2004

In vivo evaluation of a computer planning system for total knee arthroplasty.

In this paper we report the analysis of a preoperative computer planner for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), when applied to a set of patients by different surgeons. The goal of this work was to study the repeatability and reliability of computer planning, the ergonomy of the system, identify the useful features of this technique and the possible drawbacks. The planning system allows the surgeon to interactively stimulate the implant on a 3D model of the patient computed from computerized tomography (CT) images. In this paper, we summarize the main results of a series of evaluation trials carried out by four surgeons on ten patients. We measured the variability of the main application parameters, evaluated the efficacy and usefulness of the automatic prosthesis positioning provided by the system and carefully analyzed the system ergonomy. The system showed satisfactory repeatability in the interactive definition of the essential parameters. Moreover it showed to be easy to use, consistent, focused on the most important parameters and able to improve the surgeon's insight and confidence in the outcome. Further steps include clinical studies and direct comparison with standard technique.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed2003

Modeling an emergency medical services system using computer simulation.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: In the emergency medical services (EMS) system, appropriate prehospital care can substantially decrease casualty mortality and morbidity. This study designed a simulation model, evaluated the existing EMS system, and suggested improvements. METHODS: The study focused on 23 networked EMS hospitals affiliated with 36 emergency response units (subgroups) to perform two-tier rescues (advanced life support [ALS] in addition to basic life support [BLS] services) in Taipei, Taiwan. Using the existing EMS model as a base, this research constructed a computer simulation model and explored several model alternatives to achieve the study's objectives. The virtual models varied with staffing level, number of assigned emergency network hospitals, and various two-tier rescue probabilities. RESULTS: Increasing the staffing to two teams for Hospital 22 lessened the call waiting probability (delay between rescue call and ambulance dispatch) by 50%, even if the dispatch rate of the two-tier rescue increased from the empirical 2% to a simulated 10 and 20%. Changing the two-tier rescue pattern so each EMS subgroup cooperated with two specific, preassigned network hospitals lowered the probability of patients having to wait for rescue dispatch to under 1%. CONCLUSION: The following alternatives provided the greatest combination of effectiveness, quality patient care, and cost-efficiency: (1) because of its unique location, increase Hospital 22's staffing level to two ALS teams. (2) Establish a specific rescue protocol for the two-tier system that preassigns two network hospitals to each of the 36 EMS subgroups along with a prearranged calling sequence. If implemented, this will improve EMS performance, streamline the system, reduce randomness, and enhance efficiency.

Computer Simulation↗