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PubMed2004

Evaluation of suspected pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction in horses with laminitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence and clinical features of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) in horses with laminitis. DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: 40 horses with laminitis. PROCEDURES: Horses with laminitis that survived an initial episode of pain and were not receiving medications known to alter the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis were tested for PPID by evaluation of endogenous plasma ACTH concentration. Signalment, suspected cause, month of onset and duration of laminitis, Obel grade of lameness, pedal bone rotation, physical examination findings, results of endocrine function tests, treatment, outcome, and postmortem examination findings were recorded. RESULTS: Prevalence of PPID as defined by a single high plasma ACTH concentration was 70%. Median age of horses suspected of having PPID (n = 28) was 15.5 years, and median age of horses without PPID (12) was 14.5 years. Laminitis occurred most frequently in horses with and without suspected PPID during September and May, respectively. Chronic laminitis was significantly more common in horses suspected of having PPID. In horses suspected of having PPID, the most common physical examination findings included abnormal body fat distribution, bulging supraorbital fossae, and hirsutism. Five horses suspected of having PPID had no clinical abnormalities other than laminitis. Seventeen horses suspected of having PPID that were treated with pergolide survived, and 3 horses that were not treated survived. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evidence of PPID is common among horses with laminitis in a primary-care ambulatory setting. Horses with laminitis may have PPID without other clinical signs commonly associated with the disease.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

Large-scale, multibreed, multitrait analyses of quantitative trait loci experiments: the case of porcine X chromosome.

A QTL analysis of multibreed experiments (i.e., crossed populations involving more than two founder breeds) offers clear advantages over classical two-breed crosses, among them increased power and a more comprehensive coverage of the total genetic variability in the species. An alternative to designed multibreed crosses is to reanalyze jointly several experiments involving different breeds. We report a multibreed, multitrait QTL analysis of SSCX that involves five different crosses, six breeds, and almost 3,000 genotyped individuals using a truly multibreed strategy to allow for any number of founder breed origins. Traits analyzed were growth, fat thickness, carcass length, and shoulder and ham weights. Generally, the joint analysis resulted in more significant QTL than the single-experiment analyses. We show that the QTL for fatness, which is highly significant (nominal P < 10(-43)), is of Asiatic origin (Meishan). The next most significant QTL (nominal P < 10(-15)) affected ham weight and seems to be segregating only between Large White and the rest of the breeds. A multitrait, multi-QTL analysis suggests that these are two distinct loci. Additionally, a locus segregating only between Iberian and Landrace affects live weight. The advantages of joint, multibreed analyses clearly outweigh their potential risks.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

The effect of stage of growth and implant exposure on performance and carcass composition in steers.

Angus and Angus x Limousin cross steers (n = 182; initial BW = 309 +/- 27.8 kg) were used to evaluate the influence of an estradiol-trenbolone acetate implant (containing 24 mg of estradiol and 125 mg of trenbolone acetate) on production efficiency and carcass traits when administered at specific stages of growth. Treatments were 1) control, no implant (NI); 2) early implant (EI) on d 1 (BW = 309 kg); or 3) delayed implant (DI) on d 57 (BW = 385 kg). Comparisons were also made between the NI and implanted treatments (I; EI + DI). Steers were procured at weaning and were backgrounded (47 d) before the initiation of the experiment. Initial predicted carcass composition was 14.9% protein, 13.3% fat, 54.6% moisture, and 17.2% bone. Days on feed were constant across treatment. After 56 d, ADG and G:F were improved (P < 0.01) by implants, NI vs. EI (1.68 vs. 1.90 kg and 0.227 vs. 0.257). At d 57, predicted carcass composition did not differ among treatments. From 57 to 112 d, DI caused higher ADG than NI or EI (NI = 1.65, EI = 1.57, and DI = 1.78 kg; P < 0.05) and higher G:F (NI = 0.155, EI = 0.150, and DI = 0.173; P < 0.01). Cumulative ADG and G:F were improved by implants (1.65 vs. 1.73 kg; P < 0.05) and (0.175 vs. 0.186; P < 0.01) for NI vs. I, respectively, with no differences between treatments that involved implants. Cumulative DMI was similar for all treatments. Implanting increased dressing percentage (63.5 vs. 64.1%; P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.01) hot carcass weight (341 vs. 353 kg) and LM area (76.5 vs. 81.4 cm(2)) for NI vs. I, respectively. Rib fat and kidney, pelvic, and heart fat were not affected by treatment, and treatment had no effect on the whole carcass proportions of fat, protein, or water. Implants advanced maturity scores (NI = A(51) vs. EI + DI = A(59); P < 0.01). Marbling scores were decreased (P < 0.05) by EI but not by DI (NI = Small(65), EI = Small(20), DI = Small(36)). The percentage of i.m. fat content of the LM was decreased (P < 0.10) by EI and was not affected by DI (NI = 5.1, EI = 4.0, DI = 4.8%). Treatment affected (P < 0.10) the proportion of carcasses with marbling scores greater than Modest(0) (NI = 23.6, EI = 7.8, DI = 22.6%). The results of this study suggest that growth of i.m. fat is sensitive to anabolic growth promotants administered during early periods of growth.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2000

Adrenergically stimulated fat utilization and ageing.

Ageing is associated with a diminished ability to use fat as a fuel during exercise. Also, middle-aged subjects have a blunted ability to mobilize fatty acids and to increase skeletal muscle fatty acid uptake and oxidation during intravenous beta-adrenergic stimulation, indicating that the sympathetic nervous system may play a role in the disturbed fat utilization. The blunted lipolytic response may be related to disturbances at the receptor level, eg a diminished number or agonist affinity of beta-adrenoceptors, or at the postreceptor level, eg a diminished activity of the hormone-sensitive lipase complex. As the rates of fatty acid availability are not limiting during exercise or beta-adrenergic stimulation in the elderly, the lowered skeletal muscle fat oxidation is probably related to an age-related decline in the capacity of skeletal muscle to oxidize fatty acids. Factors responsible for this decline may be a diminished content of oxidative enzymes, an increased glycolytic flux inhibiting fatty acid transport into the mitochondria, or a diminished (possibly beta-adrenergically-mediated) activation of fatty acid transport. It remains to be determined to what extent disturbances of fat metabolism may be related to the ageing process per se or whether they are secondary to age-related changes in body fat distribution and level of physical activity. Nevertheless, the impairments in sympathetically mediated lipolysis and fat oxidation may be of importance in the age-related increase in adiposity and insulin resistance and may thus be one of the links between ageing and increased prevalence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease.

Aging↗

PubMed2006

Effect of mirtazapine treatment on body composition and metabolism.

OBJECTIVE: Weight gain is a common side effect of psychotropic medications. Mirtazapine, a widely used antidepressant, induces adverse metabolic effects such as an increase in body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of mirtazapine treatment on body weight, body fat mass, glucose metabolism, lipoprotein profile, and leptin and its soluble receptor in a prospective, controlled study design. METHOD: Seven women who met the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode (ICD-10: F31-F33) were assigned to monotherapy with mirtazapine and observed for a 6-week period. Seven mentally and physically healthy female volunteers matched for age and body weight served as a control group. Data were collected from November 2002 to December 2003. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD body weight increased from 63.6 +/- 13.1 kg to 66.6 +/- 11.9 kg during mirtazapine treatment (p = .027). Fat mass increased in study subjects from 20.9 +/- 9.6 kg to 22.1 +/- 9.3 kg (p = .018). Insulin, glucose, and the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index for insulin resistance and lipid parameters remained stable. Leptin concentrations increased from 23.0 +/- 17.1 ng/mL to 40.9 +/- 27.2 ng/mL (p = .018), whereas the soluble leptin receptor concentrations remained stable during mirtazapine treatment. In the control subjects, the investigated parameters remained stable. Between-group analyses of change scores revealed significant differences for body weight (p = .010), body mass index (p = .013), fat mass (p = .035), and leptin (p = .013). CONCLUSION: The antidepressant therapy with mirtazapine was associated with a significant increase in body weight, body fat mass, and leptin concentration. In contrast to other psychotropic medications inducing weight gain, such as some second-generation antipsychotics, mirtazapine treatment did not influence the glucose homeostasis.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2006

The importance of body weight and weight management for military personnel.

Weight or fat reduction and maintenance among military personnel and attainment of desired body composition and physical appearance are considered important. A high level of body fat has been shown to have an adverse effect on performance in a number of military activities. The effect of rapid weight loss on performance appears to depend on the method of weight loss, the magnitude of weight loss, and the type of exercise or activity performance test used. Personnel who undertake imprudent weight-loss strategies, that is, personnel who try to change their usual body size by chronically restricting their food and fluid intake, may suffer a number of problems. Overweight personnel and their military coaches are just as susceptible to false ideas about weight loss and dieting as the rest of the community. Inappropriate weight loss causes a loss of lean tissue and can reduce, rather than enhance, performance. The understanding and promotion of safe, effective, appropriate weight-loss and weight-maintenance strategies represent important functions of the military system and officials. The greatest likelihood of success requires an integrated program, both during and after the weight-loss phase, in which assessment, increased energy expenditure through exercise and other daily activities, energy intake reduction, nutrition education, lifestyle changes, environmental changes, and psychological support are all components.

Body Fat Distribution↗

PubMed1998

Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management of obesity in the Czech Republic.

Guidelines for the management of obesity include recommendation about diet, exercise, behavioral modification, drug therapy and bariatric surgery in the comprehensive management of an obese patient. It is emphasized that the treatment of obesity should be individually tailored according to the age of the patient, degree and phase of obesity, body fat distribution and an expression of risk factors and comorbidities. The new realistic goals in obesity management do not focus on the weight loss per se but mainly on the risk factors reduction which accompanies even modest weight loss. The system of obesity management introduced in the Czech Republic includes obesity management centres attached to major teaching hospitals, obesity out-patient clinics (led by an obesity specialist), primary care physicians and weight reduction clubs. Postgraduate training in obesity management should be recognized by health authorities as a function specialty. A time demanding therapeutic strategy in obesity management should be taken into account by both health policy makers and health insurance companies.

Czech Republic↗

PubMed2002

Blood transfusion, alcohol use, and anthropometric risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in older women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether blood transfusion, alcohol use, or anthropometric characteristics are risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in older women. METHODS: These factors were evaluated in a prospective cohort study that was initiated in 1986, and included 31,336 women aged 55-69 years without a history of RA. Risk factor data were self-reported using a mailed questionnaire. Through 1997, 158 cases of RA meeting at least 4 of 7 American College of Rheumatology criteria were identified and validated by medical record review. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used as the measure of association, and were adjusted for the potential confounding effects of age, marital status, smoking history, age at menopause, and use of estrogen replacement therapy. RESULTS: History of blood transfusion was inversely associated with RA (multivariate RR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.48-1.08), and this association was stronger for rheumatoid factor (RF) positive disease (RR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.35-1.00). There were no associations for use of medications for hyper- or hypothyroidism or adult onset diabetes. Anthropometric factors (height, weight, body mass index, body fat distribution), leisure time physical activity, and alcohol use were not associated with risk of RA. CONCLUSION: A history of blood transfusion was inversely associated with RA, particularly RF positive RA. Anthropometric factors, physical activity, and alcohol use did not influence the risk of RA in this cohort of older women.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

How, what, and why of sleep apnea. Perspectives for primary care physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To review the need for primary care physicians to screen for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: Literature was reviewed via MEDLINE from 1993 to 2000, inclusive, using the search term "sleep apnea" combined with "epidemiology," "outcome," and "diagnosis and treatment." Citations in this review favour more recent, well controlled and randomized studies, but findings of pilot studies are included where other research is unavailable. MAIN MESSAGE: Obstructive sleep apnea is a disorder with serious medical, socioeconomic, and psychological morbidity, yet most patients with OSA remain undetected. Primary care physicians have a vital role in screening for these patients because diagnosis can be made only through overnight (polysomnographic) studies at sleep clinics. Physicians should consider symptoms of excessive or loud snoring, complaints of daytime sleepiness or fatigue, complaints of unrefreshing sleep, and an excess of weight or body fat distribution in the neck or upper chest area as possible indications of untreated OSA. CONCLUSION: Current research findings indicate that treating OSA patients substantially lowers morbidity and mortality rates and reduces health care costs. Primary care physicians need more information about screening for patients with OSA to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of those with the condition.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Adipose tissue and fatty acid metabolism in humans.

It is now clear that there are major regional differences in adipose tissue function as regards the uptake and release of fatty acids. Visceral adiposity is a good predictor of abnormal regulation of adipose tissue fuel export, but it is not the source of excess systemic FFA in humans. Regional differences in adipose tissue uptake of fatty acids may be an important determinant of body fat distribution, which in turn appears to predict abnormalities of fatty acid metabolism.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2002

Insulin resistance, beta cell function and cardiovascular risk factors in Ghanaians with varying degrees of glucose tolerance.

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR). The disease is associated with high rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Recently, the American Diabetes Association Expert Committee recommended the measurement of fasting glucose as a tool for screening and diagnosing diabetes, in order to identify patients with a mild form of the disease as well as to enhance the detection of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes. The significance of these criteria with respect to cardiovascular risk factors in native Ghanaians is unknown. The objectives of the present study were to examine the cardiovascular risk factors in a sample of native Ghanaians with varying degrees of glucose intolerance as defined by fasting glucose levels as specified by the ADA criteria. RESEARCH AND METHODS: The population consisted of 200 indigenous Ghanaian subjects, age range 25-74 years, residing in the Accra metropolitan areas. Subjects were categorized using the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) alone as normal fasting glucose (NFG, FPG < 110 mg/ dL), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, 11 < FPG 126 mg/dL), and diabetic (DM, FPG > 126 mg/ dL). Anthropometric parameters (blood pressure, waist circumference and waist-hip circumference ratios) were measured in each subject. Levels of serum glucose, c-peptides and insulin were measured at baseline and after 2 hours of oral glucose challenge. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-%B) were assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA). Levels of fasting serum cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured in each subject. RESULTS: There were 181 subjects in the NFG category, 11 in the IFG category, and 8 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. The mean age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), and WHR did not differ between the 3 groups. The mean fasting glucose and the corresponding 2-hour glucose levels rose with the worsening of glucose tolerance. Similarly, the means for serum fasting, post-challenge serum insulin, and c-peptide levels were significantly greater in the IFG and DM groups. Fasting serum cholesterol and high density lipoproteins did not differ statistically between the 3 groups, However, the means for serum triglycerides were greater in the IFG and DM groups when compared to the NFG group. The insulin resistance (IR) as assessed by HOMA was 2x and 4x greater in the IFG (3.76) and DM (6.12) groups when compared with the NFG (1.82, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: We have characterized the metabolic and anthropometric risk factors for CVD in native Ghanaians with varying degrees of glucose tolerance, as defined by the ADA criteria. We found that both IFG and DM were associated with beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and elevated serum triglycerides. However, the well established cardiovascular risk factors, such as body mass index, body fat distribution, and blood pressure did not track with the increasing glucose intolerance in the native Ghanaians. We conclude that the Ghanaian patients with IFG and type 2 diabetes were non-obese and exhibited severe beta cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and elevated triglycerides, but none of the other conventional risk factors, at the time of diagnosis. Future research should focus on the sequential changes in risk factors during development of cardiovascular diseases in native Ghanaians with varying degrees of glucose tolerance.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[The relationship between serum leptin, proinsulin, true insulin levels and insulin resistance in non-diabetic subjects: a population-based study].

OBJECTIVE: Leptin is involved in the regulation of body weight and metabolism. Previous data have suggested that leptin levels are related to insulin resistance and in a few reports with impaired insulin secretion. Some even revealed the existence of adipoinsular axis. However, little is known of these relations in Chinese population. With the availability of measurements of true insulin (TI), proinsulin (PI) and leptin, we examined the possible correlation of leptin with TI, PI and with insulin resistance (the HOMA model) in non-diabetic subjects of north China. We also evaluated whether leptin levels were associated with impaired insulin secretion, as evaluated by the fasting PI/TI ratio. METHODS: 902 non-diabetic subjects (670 with normal and 232 impaired glucose tolerance, aged 30 - 80 y) from a population of Beijing residents who underwent a diabetes survey in 2000 were studied. Fasting serum leptin, PI and TI levels were detected by sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) which were all developed in our laboratory. RESULTS: Serum leptin values were higher in women. Correlation analysis showed that leptin levels were significantly correlated with fasting TI, PI and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (in men, n = 794, r = 0.345, 0.236 and 0.364 respectively; in women, n = 110, r = 0.574, 0.375 and 0.576 respectively, P < 0.001), but not with PI/TI ratio (r = -0.09, P < 0.01) in both sex. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), leptin levels remained significantly correlated with TI, PI and HOMA-IR, although the magnitude of the association was considerably attenuated. CONCLUSIONS: TI and PI levels were positively related to leptin levels independent of obesity and body fat distribution. Thus, subjects with increased insulin levels and/or insulin resistance may be relatively resistant to the effects of leptin, suggesting a dysfunction of leptin-insulin axis. However, leptin levels are not significantly associated with the fasting PI/TI ratio suggesting that leptin levels are not associated with an impairment in insulin secretion. The role of association between hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia/leptin resistance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance-related diseases needs further study.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Consanguinity and spousal concordance in Kuwait.

Consanguineous marriage is favored in Kuwait. This research focuses on the relationship of physical and cultural traits to marriage types in Kuwait and examines concordance as a function of consanguinity and marriage duration. In a nonrandom opportunistic sample of 242 couples anthropometric and blood pressure data have been collected as well as data on acculturation, religiosity, Farsi proficiency, level of education, occupation, and attitudes regarding fertility. Significant concordances occur in cultural characteristics among couples in all three types of marriages with respect to the degree of religiosity, acculturation, language similarity, education, and occupation. Non-consanguineous spouses have the highest concordance in educational level, occupation, and degree of acculturation, but the lowest for religiosity and Farsi proficiency. Nonkin marriages seem to be based on personal preferences. In the wider potential nonkin marriage pool spouses show more concordance in stature and education indicating the positive assortative mating for those traits. Non-consanguineous spouses show a significant association for triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses hip and waist circumferences, and body fat distribution. Unrelated spouses exhibit more concordance for physical traits than do related spouses. There is a significant correlation between spouses in first and double cousin marriages as well as in spouses in second and less than second cousin unions for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while non-consanguineous spouses show a significant association in diastolic blood pressure only.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Managing issues related to antiretroviral therapy.

Antiretroviral regimens are complicated and difficult for patients to follow, and they can have serious side effects, such as osteonecrosis and bone demineralization. Protease inhibitor therapy has been associated with hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and body-fat distribution abnormalities. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can cause rashes and hepatotoxicity, and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors can cause lactic acidosis, hypersensitivity reactions, neuropathies, pancreatitis, anemia, and neutropenia. Malabsorption can occur if antiretroviral agents are taken improperly with regard to meals or if they are taken with certain other drugs or herbal remedies. Some commonly prescribed drugs can cause dangerous drug toxicities if they are taken by patients who are also taking certain antiretroviral medications. Suboptimal exposure to antiretrovirals because of noncompliance or malabsorption can result in viral resistance and loss of future treatment options.

Anti-HIV Agents↗

PubMed2004

[Ultrasound measurement of visceral fat in obese children].

BACKGROUND: Measurements of anthropometric parameters are widely used in clinical practice as a convenient index of intraabdominal fat. The paper is aimed to reveal correlations between ultrasound measurement of intraabdominal depth (IAAT) and selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters in childhood. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 69 obese children (38 boys, BMI28.3+/-3.2, aged 12.8+/-0,52 and 31 girls with BMI27.4+/-5.02, 12.4+/-0.51), anthropometry, IAAT and laboratory tests were evaluated. Height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, 10 skinfolds and blood pressure were measured. Blood glucose, uric acid, lipids, inzulín and C-peptide levels were determined. Pearson's partial correlation coefficients after adjusting for age were calculated. In boys, the following significant correlations of IAAT were revealed: with BMI (r=0.44, p<0.06), chest (r=0.45, p<0.005) and hip (r=0.65, p<0.0001) circumferences, waist/hip ratio (WHR, r=0.61, p< or =0.0001), subscapular (r=0.45, p< or =0.005), axillary (r=0.55, p<0.0004), suprailiac (r=0.51, p< or =0.001) and abdominal (r=0.54, p=0.0004) skinfolds. However, among biochemical indexes only triglyceride level was associated with IAAT (r=0.41, p< or =0.01). In girls, the following significant correlations of IAAT were observed: with BMI (r=0.42, p< or =0.01), chest (r=0.42, p< or =0.01) and waist (r=0.46, p<0.009) circumferences, subscapular (r=0.46, p<0.009) and abdominal (r=0.52, p<0.003) skinfolds. In girls, no significant correlation of IAAT with WHR and metabolic parameters was found. CONCLUSIONS: IAAT in children is associated with anthropometric indexes of body fat distribution and in boys also with serum triglyceride level.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Acute myocardial infarction in women.

Although CHD is the leading cause of death in women, little is known about their response to and recovery from an acute MI. The medical and nursing care offered to women following an MI is based primarily on research studies of men. Few studies have included only women, and those that have compared women and men are limited by sample sizes that are too small for meaningful comparisons and study variables that reflect men's concerns (e.g., specific risk factors or return to work issues). Women's cardiovascular anatomy and physiology differ somewhat from men's. Women average smaller chests, hearts, and coronary artery vessel diameters and different body fat distributions. Their cardiovascular systems are designed to adapt to the extraordinary demands of pregnancy and childbirth and do so by modifying diastolic, rather than systolic, function. Similar physiologic changes are often seen in response to exercise. Women's higher levels of estrogen and progesterone influence lipid metabolism and hormone receptor activity. Thus, diagnostic tests that are based on research with men (e.g., ECGs and exercise stress tests), show more false-positive and false-negative results in women. Additionally, therapeutic interventions (e.g., PTCA and CABG) that were developed for men have been less effective for women. CHD is apparently expressed differently in women. Diabetes mellitus is a strong, independent risk factor for CHD in women and results in a risk similar to that of nondiabetic men. More women present with angina as an initial manifestation of CHD than with MI and rarely have sudden cardiac death. Women experience more complications than men and a higher mortality following acute MI. They derive less benefit from medical or surgical therapy and experience more side effects. Many aspects of women's response to acute MI reflect gender rather than biologic differences. Women's worlds, the sociocultural contexts within which they live, and their activities are qualitatively different from men's. The nursing care offered to women should be based on sound scientific rationale that responds to these unique experiences and concerns.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Sleep study in patients with overweight and obesity.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, which leads to oxygen desaturation, sleep fragmentation and daytime somnolence. Obesity is one of the most important risk factor for the development of OSAS. The exact mechanisms responsible for the relationship between obesity and OSAS are still unclear. The fat deposits in the pharynx region as well as the reduction in the lung volume have been considered as factors that might be responsible for the increase of the upper airway collapsibility. The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the Body Mass Index (BMI) and sleep study parameters in overweight and obese patients suffering from breathing disturbances during sleep. We studied a group of 106 consecutive obese or overweight patients with a primary complaint of snoring or other breathing disturbances during sleep. In all cases, BMI and sleep studies (PolyMESAM) were examined. We evaluated relationship between the BMI and sleep study parameters such as Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI), Apnea Index (AI), Desaturation Index (DI) and Average of Lowest Saturation (LSAT). The results showed the lack of significant statistical correlations between BMI and all the sleep parameters studied in the overweight patients and the statistical positive correlation between the BMI and RDI in the obese cases. We conclude that BMI determination may be considered as a simple, yet important predictor, of the OSAS in the group of obese patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Genetic parameter estimation for inosine-5-monophosphate and intramuscular fat contents and other meat quality traits in chicken muscle].

The genetic parameters for some important flavor traits like inosine-5'-monophosphate (IMP) and intramuscular fat (IMF) contents in breast meat were estimated using a MTDFREML procedure on 1063 male, 90-day-old, purebred Beijing-You meat-type chicks (BJY). The result showed that the heritability of IMP and IMF contents in BJY breast meat was moderate or low (h2=0.23, 0.10), whereas these parameters were higher for abdominal fat weight (AFW), breast meat yield (BMY), ratio of BMY to carcass weight (BMR), leg muscle yield (LMY), body weight (BW), comb weight(CW) and comb weight percentage (CWB) (h2=0.56-0.79). The heritability of abdominal fat percentage (AFP), leg meat yield (LMY), testicle weight (TW) and testicle weight percentage (TWP) were 0.24, 0.32, 0.39 and 0.35, respectively. IMP exhibited low phenotypic correlations with BMY, LMY and SFT and no significant phenotypic correlations with other traits. IMF, to some extent, exhibited positive phenotypic correlation with BW, AFP, SFT and FSW (rP=0.11-0.33). In terms of genetic correlation, IMP was moderately or significantly negatively correlated with BW and CWP (rA=-0.38,-0.62), and a high level of positive correlation was observed with BMY (rA=0.57). Moreover, IMF was highly correlated with BW and AFW (rA=0.75,0.66), and moderately correlated with AFP and CWP (rA=0.32, 0.40). A low level of positive correlation was observed between IMP and IMF (rA =0.27). We propose that IMP and IMF contents in chicken meat could be increased with selection through line-breeding.

Abdominal Fat↗