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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Disease and treatment in the Old Testament].

Throughout the Ancient Near East, supernatural forces were considered the cause of illness, and treatments were based on a collaboration between seers, doctors and exorcists. On the other hand, the health care system reflected in the Old Testament is remarkable different - replacing the various mystics with a single doctor, often a Levitical singer who also prayed for the sick. This development is rooted in the fundamental monotheism postulated in Deuteronomy, and the prohibition of every kind of mantic or magic practice other than Jahwistic prophecy. The Old Testament reflects a change in the basic conceptualization of illness: rather than an expression of divine wrath, it is seen as the outcome of human sin. Certain theological problems arose from this ideology, including the need to explain the infant and child mortality that was so common during this period. Such questions were partly answered centuries later, by the Hellenistic belief in an after-life. Yet the Greek period brought with it another set of questions, such as whether a patient should consult a doctor or only pray to the Lord. In the early part of the second century, Ben Sira offered an answer which has been normative for religious people up to the present day - to consult the one without neglecting the other.

Bible↗
PubMed2002

In vitro propagation of Dendrobium macrostachyum Lindl.--a threatened orchid.

In vitro propagation of Dendrobium macrostachyum, a threatened and endemic species was achieved through nodal explants. The nodal explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium and MS medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (BA-2.22, 4.44 and 8.88 microM), Kinetin (KN-2.32, 4.65, and 9.29 microM) and Coconut water (CW, 5, 10 and 15%) individually or in combination with 2.69 microM alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Axillary shoots were induced directly from nodal explants in medium containing BA, KN or CW. Optimal shoot induction (6 shoots/explant) was attained from nodal explants cultured on medium supplemented with 15% CW. Well developed shoots rooted at an average 5 roots per shoot in half strength MS medium devoid of any growth regulators.

Culture Media↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical features of lumbar spinal stenosis.

In contrast with patients with herniations of the nucleus pulposus, those with spinal stenosis experience onset of symptoms at a slightly older age; more males are affected than females. The symptoms tend to be somewhat more chronic, and therefore, the patients will have symptoms of back pain for a longer period of time before developing radiating root pains and will not come to surgical treatment until relatively late. Bilateral root symptomatology is more common although examination shows multiple nerve root involvement only slightly more frequently as well as involvement of the L1 to L4 nerve roots. The spinal movements tend to be somewhat better and straight leg raising tests are usually symmetrical and somewhat less restricted in those patients than in the acute disk syndrome. Postfusion and post-chemonucleolysis spinal stenosis will, of course, have the symptomatology of the initial problem, but their recurrent problems would tend to parallel those of spinal stenosis rather than disk herniation.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Cardiac operations during active endocarditis.

Between December 1982 and March 1990, 65 patients with active infective endocarditis underwent cardiac operations. Their mean age was 28.6 years (range 1 to 65 years). The most common infecting organisms were staphylococcus (33.8%), streptococcus (18.5%), and brucella (16.9%); 11 patients (16.9%) had cultures negative for infection. A rheumatic, native valve, most commonly the aortic, was involved in 40 patients, a prosthetic valve (with the mitral most common) in 18 patients, and in seven patients the infection involved a congenitally abnormal valve. Aortic root abscess developed in 21.5% of patients. In 30 patients operation was performed within 3 days of the start of intravenous antibiotic therapy, usually within 3 days of admission (group A); this resulted in fewer preoperative complications and a significantly lower postoperative complication rate than in those 35 patients who underwent operations more than 3 days after starting antibiotic therapy (group B). Preoperative embolic phenomena occurred in eight (12.3%) of the 31 patients who had large, mobile vegetations (2/16 [12.5%] in group A and 6/15 [40%] in group B). Overall there was no reinfection. No postoperative paravalvular leaks developed in group A. Nine patients died in the hospital (13.8%) (four in group A and five in group B); in all patients the infecting organism was staphylococcal or fungal. There was one late death. Early operation should always be considered in active infective endocarditis, especially when a prosthetic valve is involved or the infecting organism is staphylococcal or fungal. The disclosure of moderate to large vegetations by two-dimensional echocardiography is an indication for operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Generation of chemical-inducible activation tagging T-DNA insertion lines of Arabidopsis thaliana].

Using an estrogen-inducible expression XVE (LexA-VP16-Estragon Receptor) system, we have generated approximately 40 000 independent T-DNA insertion lines of Arabidopsis thaliana. Segregation analyses of about 18000 lines indicated that 51.6% of them contain single T-DNA insertions and that the average insertion number is 1.38 copies per line. Mutants displaying a variety of morphological alterations were identified, including those that affect development of roots,hypocotyls, leaves, floral organs and seeds as well as the flowering time.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2005

Mandibular premolar impaction: 2 case reports.

The purpose of this article is to review the principles of case management of impacted mandibular premolars and to illustrate their potential to respond well to treatment. Although the scope of treatment may be influenced by the patient"s age, past dental history, severity of impaction, dentoalveolar development and root form, the 2 case reports demonstrate the inherent potential for good treatment outcome even in the most unfavourable circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Demyelination in experimental beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile and hexacarbon neuropathies. Evidence for an axonal influence.

beta, beta'-Iminodipropionitrile and 2,5-hexanediol are best known for their ability to induce axonal pathology, including formation of giant axonal swellings. During studies of the pathology of rats exposed to these agents for long periods, we found extensive recurrent demyelination in the spinal roots. To determine whether the demyelination occurred in response to the axonal disease or whether it represented a direct toxic effect on Schwann cells, we examined the time course and distribution of axonal changes and demyelination, asking whether demyelination correlated with, or was independent of, axonal pathology. Experimental animals were continuously intoxicated with one of these agents, and groups were taken for pathologic examination at intervals of up to 2 years; in both models, the relationship between axonal pathology and demyelination was systematically studied in multiple regions of the L5 spinal roots. In control rats, mild demyelination was present by 14 months and increased with age. By 24 months, untreated animals showed widespread demyelination in the spinal roots; in these animals, there was no predilection for proximal or distal regions of the roots, nor was their evidence of recurrent demyelination. Administration of beta, beta'-iminodipropionitrile produced giant axonal swellings located primarily in the proximal 10 mm. of the ventral root and the distal 10 mm. of the dorsal root. By 12 months of exposure, intramyelinic vacuoles (myelin bubbles) and demyelinated segments were numerous in the same regions. By 24 months, the affected regions contained elaborate onion bulbs. The regions without axonal swellings showed only mild demyelination. In contrast, in the 2,5-hexanediol group, giant axonal swellings and axonal degeneration began distally and progressed more proximally with time. By 15 months, when axonal swellings were present primarily in the distal ventral root, there were numerous myelin bubbles. By 24 months, onion bulbs, predominantly involving the distal ventral roots, had developed. Semiquantitative analysis of the time course and distribution of demyelination in these toxic models showed a relationship between axonal abnormalities and subsequent development of demyelination. We concluded that changes in the axons contribute to the development of demyelination in these models and determine the distribution of the lesions. These experimental neuropathies provide models for studies of the stimulus and mechanisms of secondary demyelination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The significance of Kleinian contributions to psychoanalysis I. Kleinian instinct theory.

The history of Freud's instinct theory shows that it ambiguously contains two separate roots of developments; one, the nutritional-transactional, and the other, the autoerotic discharge model. The former is the forerunner of Klein's instinct theory and the latter is considered classical theory. Kleinians and Freudians have not fully understood that each holds an instinct theory which is quite different from the other. The consequences of this theoretical dialectic are of great importance in distinguishing the Kleinian theory of fantasy from the Freudian theory of fantasy, the theory of repression, the theory of the unconscious, and ultimately the theory of the internal world.

Fantasy↗
PubMed1995

Esthetic periodontics.

Periodontal therapy has developed beyond the scope of the treatment of periodontal pathoses. Periodontal plastic surgery has evolved beyond the techniques of mucogingival surgery and now consists of the regenerative and reconstructive procedures designed to enhance esthetics. This article briefly reviews the historical development of root coverage, ridge augmentation, and papilla preservation and provides an update of the current pertinent literature.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1995

Medullary and gangliar regeneration after unilateral removal of a segment of spinal cord of the trunk and corresponding ganglion in adult newts.

Regeneration of the spinal cord, segmental nerves and sensory ganglia takes place after tail amputation in the newt. Many histological and immunocytochemical observations provide evidence that the ependymal tube is the source not only of new neurons and glial cells in the spinal cord, but also of some cells that go on to participate in the formation of the spinal ganglia of the regenerating tail. In previous experiments involving the removal of the spinal ganglia of the trunk, no regeneration was observed and it is thought that the trunk region differs from the tail region with regard to the ability to regenerate sensory ganglia. However, in these experiments the spinal cord of the trunk was not damaged. In the present work involving adult newts (Triturus carnifex Laur.), unilateral ablation of a segment of the spinal cord of the trunk in addition to removal of a corresponding spinal ganglion was performed. In these experimental conditions, regeneration of a rudimentary spinal ganglion near the regenerated side of the spinal cord segment was observed in several cases. Histological observations carried out 2, 4, 6 and 13 months after the operation support the view that some cells migrating from the lateroventral part of the regenerating side of the spinal cord via the developing ventral root could participate in the formation of the rudimentary spinal ganglion.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1997

Contribution to the origin of progeny in middle European Habsburgs: skeletal roentgencephalometric analysis of the Habsburgs buried in Prague.

From comparisons of roentgencraniometric findings in the first Habsburgs on the Bohemian throne (1526-1612) reduction of the length of the anterior cranial base is obvious and is also consistent with reduction of the depth of the maxilla. The findings are consistent with the small cranium and skull capacity of these Habsburgs. The maxilla is therefore not retrusive, even in Rudolf II where it is affected by a pathological process. The body of the mandible is not reduced which causes a disproportion due to the short anterior base and the maxilla. The disproportion in Ferdinand I and Maxmilian II is compensated by posterior rotation of the mandible. In Rudolf II the body of the mandible is markedly prolonged, the lower jaw is displaced forward and the finding can be described as true progenia. It is evidenced by the shorter anterior base and maxilla of the emperor. Habsburg progenia is thus evident in Central European Habsburgs only in Rudolf II, probably due to the traits of his mother from the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs. The parameters of the lower jaw of father Maxmilian II and grandfather Ferdinand I, however, do not exclude a certain predisposition to progeny in the Central European Habsburg family. The cranium of the first Habsburg on the Czech throne, Ferdinand I, is typical in the high maxillary portion of the face with a markedly posterior rotation of the mandible and a steep position of the upper and lower incisors. The cranium of his wife Anna Jagellonska, on the other hand, is typical in bimaxillary protrusion. In the son Maxmilian II, as a trait from the maternal side, the face is not prolonged, the incisors procline well and the occlusion is normal. In Rudolf II the face is shorter due to the overclosure of the mandible and the pathological process of the maxilla. Anthropological examination of all three generations of emperors revealed increasing brachycrania, a narrow highly vaulted forehead with a non-indented nasal root, poorly developed supraciliary arches, traces of the obliterated suture on the forehead and poorly developed sexual signs. In Rudolf II we can assume incomprehensible speech, In Maxmilian II a 7 cm long styloid process on the right may have caused neuralgia of the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerve.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1997

Effect of an enzymatic rinse on salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in periodontally treated patients.

Root surface caries is prevalent in patients with both treated and untreated periodontal disease. The major etiologic factor has been identified as microbial plaque. In periodontally treated patients, significantly higher root caries prevalence and incidence have been found in patients with high levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in saliva. Reducing the levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli in saliva may lower the risk of root caries development. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of an oral enzymatic rinse on the salivary counts of S. mutans and Lactobacilli in periodontally treated patients. Fifteen adult subjects participated in a double-blind, cross-over designed clinical trial. Each subject had previously undergone comprehensive periodontal therapy and had been maintained on a regular program of supportive periodontal therapy. Paraffin-stimulated whole saliva was collected from each participant. Each subject was then randomly given either the enzymatic rinse product or a control rinse and instructed to rinse with one tablespoonful twice a day for 2 weeks, after which saliva samples were taken. After a washout period, salivary samples were again taken, and the subjects received the alternate rinse product. Two weeks later, final salivary samples were taken. The salivary samples were serially diluted and incubated aerobically on selective culture media. S. mutans and Lactobacilli were counted on the basis of colonial morphology. Pretreatment and posttreatment salivary counts of S. mutans and Lactobacilli were analyzed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test at the 5% level of significance. Analysis of data revealed that neither the test nor the control rinse significantly lowered salivary counts of either species in the sample population.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of glucosinolate content to myrosinase activity in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana).

Fully developed horseradish (Armoracia rusticana Gaertn., Mey., & Scherb.) roots from 27 accessions and leaves from a subset of 9 accessions were evaluated for glucosinolates and myrosinase enzyme activity. Eight different glucosinolates were detected (based on HPLC retention times as desulfoglucosinolates) in both root and leaf tissues. The sum of these glucosinolates, referred to as total, ranged from 2 to 296 micromol g(-1) of dry weight (DW) in both tissues. Four glucosinolates (sinigrin, glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin) were detected in major quantities. In fully developed roots, sinigrin concentration represented approximately 83%, gluconasturtiin approximately 11%, and glucobrassicin approximately 1% of the total glucosinolates. Approximately the same proportions of individual glucosinolates appeared in fully developed leaves, except that glucobrassicin was substituted by neoglucobrassicin and gluconasturtiin concentration was significantly lower (<1%). At least four other glucosinolates were detected in very small quantities (<1%) in both roots and leaves. Myrosinase (beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.3.1) is the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the parent glucosinolates into biologically active products. Very little is known about myrosinase activity and the correlation of its activity to total and individual glucosinolates in plant tissues. Significant differences in myrosinase activity were detected between the roots and leaves, ranging from 1.2 to 57.1 units g(-1) of DW. Data showed no correlation between myrosinase activity and total and/or individual glucosinolates in the roots. However, in the leaves, significant correlations were found between myrosinase activity and total glucosinolates (0.78 at P = 0.01) and between myrosinase activity and sinigrin (0.80 at P = 0.01). Glucosinolates content and myrosinase activity were also correlated in young and fully developed roots and leaves and during tissue crushing. Glucobrassicin concentration in the roots and neoglucobrassicin concentration in the leaves were significantly higher in young than in fully developed tissue. Crushing of the tissue resulted in rapid hydrolysis of sinigrin and glucobrassicin, as expected, from the presence of myrosinase. Likewise, myrosinase activity declined rapidly after crushing, perhaps due to inactivation by the reaction products and/or the depletion of its substrates.

Armoracia↗
PubMed2002

Regulation of the cell expansion gene RHD3 during Arabidopsis development.

The RHD3 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3) gene encodes a putative GTP-binding protein required for appropriate cell enlargement in Arabidopsis. To obtain insight into the mechanisms of RHD3 regulation, we conducted a molecular genetic dissection of RHD3 gene expression and function. Gene fusion and complementation studies show that the RHD3 gene is highly expressed throughout Arabidopsis development and is controlled by two major regulatory regions. One regulatory region is located between -1,500 and -600 bp upstream of the RHD3 gene and is required for vascular tissue expression. The other region is intragenically located and includes the 558-bp first intron, which is responsible for high-level expression of RHD3 throughout the plant. The presence and location of this intron is essential for gene function because constructs lacking this intron or constructs with the intron in an abnormal position are unable to functionally complement the rhd3 mutations. We also analyzed the role of other RHD genes and the plant hormones auxin and ethylene in RHD3 regulation, and we determined that these act downstream or independently from the RHD3 pathway. This study shows that multiple levels of regulation are employed to ensure the appropriate expression of RHD3 throughout Arabidopsis development.

Arabidopsis↗