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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Methods of screening for adult celiac disease in patients attending ambulatory care service in immunology].

INTRODUCTION: Coeliac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy) is a very frequent disease appearing in variegated clinical form. In the last decade--concerning the immunogenetic and immunopathological aspects of the disease many of new recognition came to alight. AIM: As the disease can lay hidden in its non classical manifesting form for a very long time, authors wished to study the efficacy of screening, which may be introduced for patients attending immunological outpatient care service. PATIENTS, METHODS AND RESULTS: In the frame of nation-wide patient care, out of the 200 potential patients sent for immunological check up, various form of coeliac disease was diagnosed in 20 cases. Among these cases there are two--presented for the first time--which are connected to bone marrow transplantation. Based on the immunogenetics and autoantibody serology as well as on small intestine biopsies the following conclusions were made. CONCLUSION: 1. Coeliac disease in Hungary is very frequent. Hidden disease should be considered first of all in cases of malabsorption symptoms. 2. Demonstration of autoantibodies on wide-scale palette helps to state the diagnosis based on the systematic auto-immune disease connection. 3. Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen allotype (HLA-DQA1*0501/DQBI*02) applied as marker can considerably support the suspicion of disease. 4. Histology test of the small intestine cannot be omitted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of various methods of the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis in the acute period].

To reveal the dependence of the efficacy of the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) on the patient's HLA phenotype and to elaborate recommendations for individual treatment, 98 subjects who suffered TBE and who received different types of therapy in the acute period (isolated or combined use of specific homologous immunoglobulin and RNase) were subjected to immunogenetic examinations. The clinical follow-up and immunological examination of the subjects indicated made it possible to distinguish groups with a favorable and unfavourable outcome due to the treatment carried out in the acute period. Computer processing of the immunogenetic data on the patients with TBE allowed the deriving of individual predictors of the efficacy of the symptomatic and etiotropic therapy of TBE. The final effect due to the application of agents possessing an immunomodulating effect on specific humoral immune response is determined not only by the gravity of viral infection but is also associated with a number of allele variants of HLA complex genes which the patient has.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of genetic markers in breeding of a commercial cattle herd].

Combination of type estimation and use of immunogenetic markers to analyze genotypes of breed animals permits intensifying breeding and promotes more rapid obtaining of the desired inherited material. It is suggested to carry out breeding in commercial cattle herds under constant immunogenetic control.

Alleles↗
PubMed2004

[Chronic fatigue syndrome: a review].

Chronic fatigue sindrome is a relatively unknown and underdiagnosed entity in Italy where its epidemiology remains uncertain, as well as its etiology, although it causes important disability in those affected. Classification criteria by Fukuda are available to diagnose the syndrome. Its epidemiology indicates that it is probably more frequent in Northern countries and it is described in Gulf War veterans. Etiological hypotheses include infectious diseases, immunology and neurology. Among these hypotheses sickness behavior mimes certain aspects of this syndrome and is characterized by a cytokine imbalance in the central nervous system and in the periphery. There are no valid therapies available at the moment. In the laboratory of Immunogenetics, we are constituting a biological bank of the syndrome to study the immunogenetic aspects of the disease in the hope of delucidating some of the obscure areas of its etiopathogenesis.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

[The pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy: current progress].

The pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is still unknown; however, some factors that seem to play an important role in the development of the disease have recently been identified: they are enteroviral infections, immune mechanisms and genetic factors. Enteroviral infection (particularly due to Coxsackie virus B) has long been suspected to be the cause of myocarditis and subsequent DCM. However, only recent techniques of genetic engineering have been able to demonstrate the presence of enteroviral RNA in endomyocardial biopsy of patients with DCM. The role of the viral particles contained in the myocardium is still undetermined. Changes in the immune system concerning cell-mediated and humoral immunity have been recently detected. It has been suggested that an autoimmune process could be the actual cause of DCM in some patients, rather than the consequence. The immune system is strictly related to the major histocompatibility complex. As in some autoimmune diseases, a relationship between DCM and HLA class II phenotype has been found: particularly the DR4 antigen seems to be associated with a high risk of disease. Besides immunogenetic factors, other genetic factors seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of DCM. In 6-8% of cases a familial history of cardiomyopathy has been observed. In clinical studies on familial DCM different phenotypes have been shown, suggesting that different genetic mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At least two main mechanisms can be hypothesized: the transmission of "predisposing" factors or a defect in proteins essential for the cardiac muscle cell function. Viral agents, autoimmune reactions, immunogenetic and genetic factors seem to cause myocardial damage individually or with complex interactions: the research should be devoted to these topics in the future.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed2005

T cell receptor/peptide/MHC molecular characterization and standardized pMHC contact sites in IMGT/3Dstructure-DB.

One of the key elements in the adaptive immune response is the presentation of peptides by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to the T cell receptors (TR) at the surface of T cells. The characterization of the TR/peptide/MHC trimolecular complexes (TR/pMHC) is crucial to the fields of immunology, vaccination and immunotherapy. In order to facilitate data comparison and cross-referencing between experiments from different laboratories whatever the receptor, the chain type, the domain, or the species, IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics information system (http://imgt.cines.fr), has developed IMGT-ONTOLOGY, the first ontology in immunogenetics and immunoinformatics. In IMGT/3Dstructure-DB, the IMGT three-dimensional structure database, TR/pMHC molecular characterization and pMHC contact analysis are made according to the IMGT Scientific chart rules, based on the IMGT-ONTOLOGY concepts. IMGT/3Dstructure-DB provides the standardized IMGT gene and allele names (CLASSIFICATION), the standardized IMGT labels (DESCRIPTION) and the IMGT unique numbering (NUMEROTATION). As the IMGT structural unit is the domain, amino acids at conserved positions always have the same number in the IMGT databases, tools and Web resources. For the TR alpha and beta chains, the amino acids in contact with the peptide/MHC (pMHC) are defined according to the IMGT unique numbering for V-DOMAIN. The MHC cleft that binds the peptide is formed by two groove domains (G-DOMAIN), each one comprising four antiparallel beta strands and one alpha helix. The IMGT unique numbering for G-DOMAIN applies both to the first two domains (G-ALPHA1 and G-ALPHA2) of the MHC class I alpha chain, and to the first domain (G-ALPHA and G-BETA) of the two MHC class II chains, alpha and beta. Based on the IMGT unique numbering, we defined eleven contact sites for the analysis of the pMHC contacts. The TR/pMHC contact description, based on the IMGT numbering, can be queried in the IMGT/StucturalQuery tool, at http://imgt.cines.fr.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lupus erythematosus and the skin.

Cutaneous manifestations of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) are very frequent, show a great variety and can occur at any stage of the disease. The most consistent environmental trigger factors so far recognized are exposure to ultraviolet light and certain drug classes known to be capable of inducing LE in otherwise healthy individuals. A classification system has been established including clinical, histologic, photobiologic, serologic, and immunogenetic findings to better define the different cutaneous subtypes of LE. During their clinical evolution, the cutaneous manifestations vary considerably, and, therefore, the diseases which should be considered in differential diagnosis are different, according to the stages of disease development. Furthermore, 25 years of experience worldwide have revealed that individuals whose disease presentation is dominated by subacute cutaneous LE skin lesions and the presence of circulating anti-Ro/SS-A antibodies represent a rather homogeneous immunogenetic subphenotype of LE that enjoys a good prognosis over time. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity. The majority of patients with cutaneous manifestations of LE do not require systemic immuno-suppressive/ immunomodulatory therapy and the advent of recombinant biologicals has given hope to the small percentage of patients that suffer from particularly severe skin disease activity.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Polymorphisms of HLA class II antigens in 33 Japanese pemphigus patients].

The HLA class II antigens in 33 Japanese pemphigus patients were investigated by both serologic and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses: 17 cases of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), 13 cases of pemphigus foliaceus (PF), 3 cases of unclassified pemphigus. In serologic typing, DR2 was absent in PV. DR5, DRw6, DRw12, and DRw52 were positively associated with PV. DQw1 was positively associated with PF. RFLP analyses showed that DRw6 PV patients had a disease-associated restriction fragment representing DQw5, the same association as that found in DRw6 Jewish PV patients. On the other hand, all 13 PF patients were serologically typed for DQw1, which could not be further subdivided into DQw5 by RFLP analyses. These results suggest that Japanese and Jewish PV patients may be immunogenetically closely related to each other, but Japanese PV patients appear to be immunogenetically different from Japanese PF patients.

Asian People↗
PubMed1990

Genetic aspects of juvenile chronic arthritis.

Immunogenetic studies in the past decade have confirmed the theory of an association between one's immunogenetic background and the manifestation of several forms of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA), in particular pauciarticular-onset JCA. Considerable work has been done at the serologic level to demonstrate disease association with the major histocompatibility Class II antigens in pauciarticular-onset JCA. The polygenic nature of JCA is best illustrated by the findings in this particularly well-defined clinical subgroup. Evidence is now emerging that analysis of the DNA sequence, the derived protein sequence, and the structure of Class II molecules will yield significant insight into the genetic predisposition to JCA.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1990

[The effects of HLA class II genes on the susceptibility to autoimmune thyroid diseases].

Immunogenetic factors such as HLA, C4, T cell receptor and immunoglobulin allotypes were investigated in 115 Japanese patients with Graves' disease. The patients showed strong positive association with HLA-A2 (R.R. = 3.45, chi 2 = 14.93, Pc less than 0.002), Bw46 (R.R. = 6.47, chi 2 = 16.25, Pc less than 0.002), Cw11 (R.R. = 4.47, chi 2 = 9.19, Pc less than 0.04) and DRw8 (R.R. = 2.22, chi 2 = 5.62, P less than 0.03, Pc: n.s.) which form one of the typical HLA haplotypes in Japanese population due to the strong linkage disequilibria. On the other hand, the patients showed negative association with HLA-B7 (R.R. = 0.15, chi 2 = 7.15), Bw52 (R.R. = 0.24, chi 2 = 7.86), DR1 (R.R. = 0.07, chi 2 = 9.71) and DQw1 (R.R. = 0.45, chi 2 = 5.62), which form HLA-B7-DR1-DQw1 and Bw52-DR2-DQw1 haplotypes. Because HLA-A2 -Bw46-Cw11-DR9 haplotype was reported to be associated with Chinese Graves' patients, and because Bw46 showed the strongest association with the Japanese patients, it was suggested that HLA class 1 antigen, Bw46, might be the primary immunogenetic factor involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. Since HLA-DQw6 was reported to be associated negatively with Hashimoto's thyroiditis as same as the current observation in Graves' disease, it was suggested that HLA-DQw6 may determine the resistance to autoimmune thyroiditis. The effect of HLA-DQw6 gene, therefore, on the experimental autoimmune murine thyroiditis (EAMT) was examined, using DQw6-transgenic mouse. F1 with C3H mouse, and backcross progeny between the F1 and C3H mouse which is a susceptible strain to EAMT. The measurement of anti-thyroglobulin antibody indicated that C3H mouse, (C3H x DQ-B6) F1 and backcross progeny between the F1 and C3H were high responders to the thyroglobulin, but that B6 mouse and DQ-B6 mouse were low responders. The histological examination of the thyroid gland of these mice failed to demonstrate the significant difference in susceptibility to EAMT among these mice. These results suggested that the immune response to the thyroglobulin was controlled by H-2k haplotype and that the effect of HLA-DQw6 gene on the immune response to thyroglobulin and on the autoimmune thyroiditis was marginal.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term remission in diabetes mellitus diagnosed at an early age].

The authors deal with the clinical picture of total remission in diabetes, among young patients (below 30 years). In their interpretation "complete remission" means total withdrawal of insulin treatment for at least 2 months. Out of 14 patients with complete remission, the classified 7 patients--by clinical and immunogenetical parameters--as noninsulin-dependent diabetes in the young (MODY-NIDDY). 1 diabetic patient belongs to the autoimmune-subgroup of IDDM. The remaining 6 patients could be classified as IDDM-s. However their clinical and immunogenetical parameters were rather atypical. In conclusion they raised the possibility that this subgroup is heterogenous with in IDDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Human melanoma-associated antigens.

The rapid advance of the immunogenetic study of melanoma provides a continually evolving view of antigens of melanoma cells as topological expressions of somatic and germline events related to melanocytic malignancy. In particular, characterization of the repertoire of melanoma-associated antigens restricted to subsets of cells representing particular stages of development, differentiation, or malignancy has increased rapidly owing to the availability of monoclonal antibodies. Certain of these MAA are influenced, in their display on melanoma cells, by expression of cellular oncogenes, which may play a role in the etiology or the progression of cancer, whereas other subsets of MAA are responsive to modulation by alpha-, beta-, or gamma-IFNs. As information about the nature, the cell specificity of distribution, and the genetic linkages of MAAs continues to accrue, it is likely that certain MAA will be recognized as markers for somatic or germline chromosomal events or for classic mutations involved in the etiology and the progression of melanoma. Most importantly, increased biologic understanding of MAA is likely to be accompanied by further advances in currently promising efforts to exploit MAA and the corresponding MAbs for immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic ends. Demonstrated cloning of genes encoding two MAA and preliminary suggestion of successful isolation of the gene for a third MAA presage use of the formidable resources of recombinant DNA technology to further the immunogenetic study and the clinical utilization of these markers for melanoma.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

[Association of idiopathic acropustuloses to HLA antigens and their relation to psoriasis].

Immunogenetical findings can contribute to the understanding of diseases of unknown etiology. It has, however, become difficult to define the borderlines between related diseases, since a vast amount of individual facts have been reported. For this reason, immunogenetical findings should only be seen as a part of general pathology. Our study, which makes use of HLA markers, is an attempt to provide a better definition of idiopathic acropustulosis, and to differentiate it more clearly from psoriasis.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1987

The major histocompatibility complex of the rat.

Immunogenetic studies in the rat began with the investigation of blood group antigens (1-7) and evolved into the investigation of histocompatibility antigens and transplantation phenomena (8-17). In the course of this work, several nomenclature systems evolved that were eventually reconciled in a series of comparison studies (18-24). The biennial Workshops on Alloantigenic Systems in the Rat held under the aegis of the Transplantation Society (24) have provided the forum for the continued evolution of this field. In addition, several reviews (24-31) and books (32-35) have provided periodic summaries of different aspects of rat immunogenetics. This review will focus on the structure of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the rat from the serological, biochemical, and molecular points of view.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Strain differences in the antitumor activity of an immunopotentiator, Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton, in B10 congenic and recombinant mice.

An immunogenetic evaluation of the antitumor activity of the immunopotentiator Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N. rubra-CWS) has been performed using non-virus-producing tumors induced by the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in B10 congenic and recombinant mice. Live tumor cells mixed with either N. rubra-CWS or a placebo control were inoculated intradermally into the right flank of syngeneic mice. With N. rubra-CWS, the development and growth of B10 mouse tumors, S1018(B10) and B10SA2F, in B10(H-2b) mice were completely inhibited in all test mice. B10.A(5R) mouse tumor, S322(5R), was completely suppressed in 23 of 25 B10.A(5R)(H-2i5) mice, and B10.BR mouse tumor, S623(BR), was completely suppressed in 7 of 14 B10.BR(H-2k) mice. However, B10.D2 mouse tumor, S908(D2), in B10.D2(H-2d) mice and B10.A mouse tumors, S826(BA) and B10ABr1F, in B10.A(H-2a) mice were not suppressed at all by N. rubra-CWS. N. rubra-CWS showed a remarkable antitumor effect in B10 mice, not only in mixed inoculation with the tumor cells but also with intratumoral administration. These effects were not seen in B10.A mice. Peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from B10 and B10.A strains previously treated intraperitoneally with N. rubra-CWS and/or MMC-treated tumor cells showed cytolytic and cytostatic activities on tumor cells derived from both strains. These results did not reflect the strain difference seen in the in vivo studies. Mitogenic activity of N. rubra-CWS on spleen cells, however, was significantly different among B10 congenic mice; N. rubra-CWS induced greater blastogenesis of spleen cells from B10 mice than of those from B10.A mice, corresponding to the in vivo results showing strain difference. These results suggest that the host's immunogenetic background may play an important role in cancer therapy with immunopotentiators.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

The interaction of MHC and Gm in liability to autoimmune thyroid disease.

In studies on immunogenetic factors in autoimmune thyroid disease, the association among Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, HLA and Gm haplotypes was investigated in 37 families in which two or more first degree relatives had Graves' disease. The results showed that two genes linked to HLA and Gm appeared to control susceptibility to Graves' and Hashimoto's disease, respectively, and that the individuals who did not have immunogenetic factors were very unlikely to develop Graves' or Hashimoto's disease. In the second study, the role of HLA-DR antigen expression on thyrocytes was investigated in 18 patients with Graves' disease. It was found that DR-positive thyrocytes increased. DR-positive T-cells (from thyroids and peripheral blood) increased in Graves' disease. Interferon gamma increased DR expression on thyrocytes. The results indicated that these changes may cause a vicious circle to produce and perpetuate autoimmune processes in Graves' disease. Finally, the correlation between thyroids and immunoglobulins was investigated in 11 untreated patients with Graves' disease. Thyroid tissues obtained from untreated patients were incubated in organ culture systems with autologous as well as allogeneic immunoglobulins to observe the release of hormones. The release of hormone was stimulated only by autologous immunoglobulins and it is, therefore, postulated that the role of self-recognition, such as anti-idiotype antibody or anti-MHC antibody is crucial in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1985

[Influence on immune function parameters in histiocytosis-X of thymostimulin].

Immune function (mitogen and antigen stimulation, suppressor cell activity, T-cell subpopulation distribution) and immunogenetics (HLA-gene determination) were studied in 13 patients with histiocytosis-X and in 88 healthy controls. We found three clusters with significantly different immune responses (F-values greater than 4-20, p less than 0.05-0.001) against mitogenic and antigenic stimulation among the controls which differed, too, in HLA-gene distribution. As suppressor cell activity and T-cell subpopulation distribution are the same in all three control clusters, these reactivity differences should be functional ones and may be genetically determined. Patients with histiocytosis-X show a significantly reduced suppressor cell activity and their helper cells are significantly reduced compared to the controls (p less than 0.01). Furthermore, their lymphocyte reactivity does not correspond with their immunogenetics, but is significantly reduced (p less than 0.05-0.001). Suppressor cell activity, helper cells and lymphocyte reactivity normalized in all eight patients treated systemically with thymostimulin (Tp-1 Serono). It seems to be possible therefore, to influence immunological aberrations in vivo by thymostimulin. In our opinion, the results of this study justify further investigations of the immunoregulatory mechanisms of histiocytosis-X and larger prospective clinical trials with thymic factors to find out, whether such a therapy may be a real alternative to the conventional therapeutic approach in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The epidemiology of rheumatoid disease: past and present.

The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis is poorly defined. We know neither how long rheumatoid arthritis has been a major disease, nor whether its incidence is decreasing. If it is decreasing, is this because of the contraceptive pill or some other variable? We do know that the disease occurs worldwide and that there may be increased prevalence among urban living individuals, compared to their rural counterparts. To some extent the disease 'runs in families', but heritibility is low. Concordance among monozygotic twins is only 32 per cent. Women develop the disease more frequently than men. The prognosis for black males is said to be better than for white females. Whether seronegative 'rheumatoid arthritis' should be considered part of the same disease process is unknown. An agreed definition for rheumatoid arthritis is essential before meaningful genetic and immunogenetic data can be developed. However, it is unclear whether the term rheumatoid arthritis should only be given to those individuals with seropositive erosive disease or whether we should include a self-limiting process of poorly characterized change that is sometimes seen, for example, in the first degree relatives of index cases with disease. The ARA criteria for rheumatoid arthritis are unhelpful since 'possible' and 'probable' rheumatoid arthritis patients almost certainly do not have rheumatoid disease. Moreover, the majority of patients with 'definite' rheumatoid arthritis are seronegative. These subjects may be differentiated from seropositive patients on epidemiological, familial, clinical, immunogenetic, and perhaps radiological grounds. The consensus view is that the DR4 allotype occurs more frequently in severe seropositive disease than in severe seronegative 'rheumatoid arthritis'.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗