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PubMed1999

[Mobile computer-assisted psychometric diagnosis. Economic advantages and results on test stability].

In psychotherapy, there is a rising need to evaluate the therapeutic process and outcome quality. However, the effort for documentation binds manpower and is a burden on economic resources. Hence, we studied the usability of a new by developed, mobile, computer-assisted basis assessment (ComBas 1.3) in comparison with paper-and-pencil versions with respect to its effects on data structure and cost reduction. More than 9000 standardised psychometric tests (personality inventory: Giessentest, complaint checklist: Giessener Beschwerdebogen, mood checklist: Berliner Stimmungsfragebogen) were applied with each method to 1400 psychosomatic patients. It was found that usage of the mobile computer-assisted assessment reduced the time by 2/3 spent on documentation, because data organisation and accessibility for clinical, scientific, and educational needs were significantly improved. Moreover, no differences in stability coefficients and data distribution were seen between the two methods. In trait variables, there was also an equivalence in scale means, but in state variables, especially in complaint scales, we identified a tendency toward higher scale means in computer-assisted measurement. We cannot establish whether this is only a methodical effect or is additionally influenced by changes in samples during the evaluation period between 1989 and 1996. Hence, we concluded that comparison samples for state instruments should be adjusted to the applied test form and actualised for use in individual diagnostics.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗

PubMed2001

Measuring competition in health care markets.

OBJECTIVE: Measuring competition is increasingly important for analysis of health care markets and policies. Measurement of competition in health care is made complex by the breadth of potential issues under study, by the lack of necessary data, and by rapid changes in health care financing and delivery. This study reviews key issues in the measurement of competition and is designed to familiarize researchers and policymakers interested in competition measurement, but not steeped in its practice, with key concepts, data sources, and ways of adapting measures to fit ongoing changes in health care markets. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Attention to several key issues will strengthen measurement. Important components of successful measurement are: careful identification of the products and market areas for study; selection of Herfindahl-Hirschman or other indices to fit the issues being considered; consideration of econometric problems, like endogeneity, with common measures; and attention to the ways that current marketplace changes, like growth in managed care, affect the performance of classic measures. Data needed for constructing measures are also frequently scarce, insufficient, or both. Measurement could be improved with access to better data.

Catchment Area, Health↗

PubMed1997

Design and implementation of a relational database used in the management of patients with retinoblastoma.

Clinical data are most useful in the management of patients with complex medical problems if they are accurate, reliable, and easily accessible by physicians and the medical community at large. Furthermore, the data are most valuable when they can be shared among cooperating institutions. We describe a computer system which exhibits a uniform taxonomy, an integrated on-line dictionary of clinical terms, a coherent temporal layout, and persistent spatial integrity with regard to the values of the variables. The system is user friendly and provides real time data access which can be retrieved by structured query language or may be programmed to be used as part of an international network in the management of patients with retinoblastoma, a malignant and potentially fatal tumor of childhood. Furthermore, because of its design flexibility, this system provides for potential application to other ophthalmic disorders, such as malignant uveal melanoma, and other areas of medicine as well.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMed1991

OLIO+: an osteopathic medicine database.

OLIO+ is a bibliographic database designed to meet the information needs of the osteopathic medical community. Produced by the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), OLIO+ is devoted exclusively to the osteopathic literature. The database is available only by subscription through AOA and may be accessed from any data terminal with modem or IBM-compatible personal computer with telecommunications software that can emulate VT100 or VT220. Apple access is also available, but some assistance from OLIO+ support staff may be necessary to modify the Apple keyboard.

Data Display↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using field data analysis for environmental decision making and subsequent remediation at two example sites.

One of the major challenges in remediating contaminated sites is having quick access to quality data on which to base remedial decisions as onsite work progresses. Case studies are presented at two Superfund sites where field screening and field analyses are used to provide these data. Emphasis is placed on the importance of high quality field data, as these data are the basis for remedial decisions prior to receipt of offsite laboratory confirmation. The decision-making processes for remediating contaminated soils and structures are presented in addition to project specifics including data quality objectives, field data collection procedures, quality assurance/quality control procedures, and comparisons of the field data with offsite laboratory results.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1982

Changing an automated drug inventory control system to a data base design.

A pharmacy department's change from indexed sequential access files to a data base management system (DBMS) for purposes of automated inventory control is described. The DBMS has three main functional areas: (1) inventory ordering and accountability, (2) charging of interdepartmental and intradepartmental orders, and (3) data manipulation with report design for management control. There are seven files directly related to the inventory ordering and accountability area. Each record can be accessed directly or through another file. Information on the quantity of a drug on hand, drug(s) supplied by a specific vendor, status of a purchase order, or calculation of an estimated order quantity can be retrieved quickly. In the drug master file, two records contain a reorder point and safety-stock level that are determined by searching the entries in the order history file and vendor master file. The intradepartmental and interdepartmental orders section contains five files assigned to record and store information on drug distribution. All items removed from the stockroom and distributed are recorded, and reports can be generated for itemized bills, total cost by area, and as formatted files for the accounts payable department. The design, development, and implementation of the DBMS took approximately a year using a part-time pharmacist and minimal outside help, while the previous system required constant expensive help of a programmer/analyst. The DBMS has given the pharmacy department a flexible inventory management system with increased drug control, decreased operating expenses, increased use of department personnel, and the ability to develop and enhance other systems.

Computers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Wireless local area network for the dental office.

Dental offices are no exception to the implementation of new and advanced technology, especially if it enhances productivity. In a rapidly transforming digital world, wireless technology has a special place, as it has truly "retired the wire" and contributed to the ease and efficient access to patient data and other software-based applications for diagnosis and treatment. If the office or the clinic is networked, access to patient management software, imaging software and treatment planning tools is enhanced. Access will be further enhanced and unrestricted if the entire network is wireless. As with any new, emerging technology, there will be issues that should be kept in mind before adapting to the wireless environment. Foremost is the network security involved in the installation and use of these wireless networks. This short, technical manuscript deals with standards and choices in wireless technology currently available for implementation within a dental office. The benefits of each network security protocol available to protect patient data and boost the efficiency of a modern dental office are discussed.

Computer Security↗

PubMed2001

Ethical issues in pharmacoepidemiologic research using Saskatchewan administrative health care utilization data.

PURPOSE: To describe the process of obtaining access to the administrative health care utilization data of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan and the ethical issues involved. METHODS: The report focuses on the process of obtaining data for two recent studies. In the first, associations between aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis and prior drug use were evaluated, while the second is an examination of anti-arrhythmia drug utilization. In these studies, data from files containing computerized information on prescription drug use, hospitalizations, physician services and cancer registrations were linked together and also with information from hospital charts, physician records and death registrations. RESULTS: Data on individual patients are available from the Saskatchewan data-files after the removal of identifying variables, and access to external information from hospitals, physicians, death registrations and the patients themselves is possible. However, researchers must accept that data considered to be only indirectly relevant to the objectives of the study or which, due to small numbers, may potentially identify either patients or physicians will only be released in aggregate form. CONCLUSIONS: Access to the Saskatchewan data-files and to external information from hospitals, physicians and death registrations is normally straightforward. Restrictions that are applied are discussed.

Access to Information↗

PubMed2002

Grid technologies empowering drug discovery.

Grid technologies enable flexible coupling and sharing of computers, instruments and storage. Grids can provide technical solutions to the volume of data and computational demands associated with drug discovery by delivering larger computing capability (flexible resource sharing), providing coordinated access to large data resources and enabling novel online exploration (coupling computing, data and instruments online). Here, we illustrate this potential by describing two applications: the use of desktop PC grid technologies for virtual screening, and distributed X-ray structure reconstruction and online visualization.

Computational Biology↗

PubMed2006

The ENCODE Project at UC Santa Cruz.

The goal of the Encyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project is to identify all functional elements in the human genome. The pilot phase is for comparison of existing methods and for the development of new methods to rigorously analyze a defined 1% of the human genome sequence. Experimental datasets are focused on the origin of replication, DNase I hypersensitivity, chromatin immunoprecipitation, promoter function, gene structure, pseudogenes, non-protein-coding RNAs, transcribed RNAs, multiple sequence alignment and evolutionarily constrained elements. The ENCODE project at UCSC website (http://genome.ucsc.edu/ENCODE) is the primary portal for the sequence-based data produced as part of the ENCODE project. In the pilot phase of the project, over 30 labs provided experimental results for a total of 56 browser tracks supported by 385 database tables. The site provides researchers with a number of tools that allow them to visualize and analyze the data as well as download data for local analyses. This paper describes the portal to the data, highlights the data that has been made available, and presents the tools that have been developed within the ENCODE project. Access to the data and types of interactive analysis that are possible are illustrated through supplemental examples.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1978

Menstrual cycle influences on operant behavior of female rhesus monkeys.

Nine female rhesus monkeys were paired with males throughout 63 menstrual cycles. The females' motivation to approach males was studied with an operant conditioning paradigm that required the female to press a lever 250 times to gain access to the male. Sexual behavior was scored during standard 60-min tests that followed the attainment of access (17 pairs, 1,440 tests). In the overall data, mean times to access were shortest at mid-cycle and longest just before and after the onset of menstruation, and a model-fitting method showed that 45% of cycles from individual pairs were significantly correlated with a V-shaped model of the overall pattern. Male sexual activity was highest at mid-cycle and lowest in the last quarter of the cycle, but the changes in access times could not be attributed entirely to the rewarding effects of the ejaculations. In the combined data from five females (9 pairs, 33 cycles), high estradiol levels and low progesterone levels were statistically associated with short access times and short ejaculation times. The overall effect was for operant performance and sexual activity to be synchronized and maximized in the periovulatory period of the menstrual cycle.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Data security issues arising from integration of wireless access into healthcare networks.

The versatility of having Ethernet speed connectivity without wires is rapidly driving adoption of wireless data networking by end users across all types of industry. Designed to be easy to configure and work among diverse platforms, wireless brings online data to mobile users. This functionality is particularly useful in modern clinical medicine. Wireless presents operators of networks containing or transmitting sensitive and confidential data with several new types of security vulnerabilities, and potentially opens previously protected core network resources to outside attack. Herein, we review the types of vulnerabilities, the tools necessary to exploit them, and strategies to thwart a successful attack.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2005

The Baltic Health Network - Taking Secure, Internet-based Healthcare Networks to the Next Level.

Internet-based health care networks are a step forward compared to first generation health care networks, which has been limited to pushing text-based messages between different systems. An Internet-based network can also "pull" data - and not only text but any digital data - for instance images and video sequences. The Internet-based networks can more effectively fulfil the vision of access to relevant data regardless of time and location. Although far from identical, the health delivery systems of Denmark, Norway and Sweden are similar. They also share a shortage of specialized health personnel - not least radiologists and in some regions obstetricians. Furthermore, over the past ten years they have implemented an IT-strategy to increase efficiency in the delivery of healthcare services. Part of this strategy has been to build three national networks on top of the existing regional, secure and Internet-based healthcare networks. These national networks connect not only all hospitals in the three countries, but also a majority of the other stakeholders in the healthcare sector (GPs, private specialists, laboratories, homecare services etc.). The organizations behind the three networks are now working on creating a trans-national network, the Baltic Health Network (BHN), which will be one of the outcomes of the Baltic eHealth project and will not only connect the three national networks but also add two hospital networks from Lithuania and Estonia. The BHN is expected to be operational by June 2005. One of major advantages of the BHN is that the many rural hospitals of the Baltic Sea Area with a few mouse clicks can reach a specialist for second opinion in any of the approximately 200 hospitals connected to the network. For instance the midwives in the rural areas of Västerbottan County, Sweden, are awaiting the establishment of BHN to get access to second opinions from specialists at National Center for Foetal Medicine at the University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway. The BHN will remove a very important technical barrier for collaboration between health professionals and the Baltic eHealth project hopes that this and other project initiatives will facilitate the large-scale usage of second opinion from available health care experts regardless of institutional, regional and even national borders. This will lift the quality of service to patients in the Baltic Sea Region - especially in the rural areas where highly specialized health professionals tend to be geographically far away.

Cooperative Behavior↗

PubMed2025

Realfreq: real-time base modification analysis for nanopore sequencing.

SUMMARY: Nanopore sequencers allow sequencing data to be accessed in real-time. This allows live analysis to be performed, while the sequencing is running, reducing the turnaround time of the results. We introduce realfreq, a framework for obtaining real-time base modification frequencies while a nanopore sequencer is in operation. Realfreq calculates and allows access to the real-time base modification frequency results while the sequencer is running. We demonstrate that the data analysis rate with realfreq on a laptop computer can keep up with the output data rate of a nanopore MinION sequencer, while a desktop computer can keep up with a single PromethION 2 solo flowcell. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Realfreq is a free and open-source application implemented in C programming language and shell scripts. The source code and the documentation for realfreq can be found at https://github.com/imsuneth/realfreq. The version used for the manuscript is also available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15128668.

Nanopore Sequencing↗

PubMed2002

Subcellular localization of the yeast proteome.

Protein localization data are a valuable information resource helpful in elucidating eukaryotic protein function. Here, we report the first proteome-scale analysis of protein localization within any eukaryote. Using directed topoisomerase I-mediated cloning strategies and genome-wide transposon mutagenesis, we have epitope-tagged 60% of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. By high-throughput immunolocalization of tagged gene products, we have determined the subcellular localization of 2744 yeast proteins. Extrapolating these data through a computational algorithm employing Bayesian formalism, we define the yeast localizome (the subcellular distribution of all 6100 yeast proteins). We estimate the yeast proteome to encompass approximately 5100 soluble proteins and >1000 transmembrane proteins. Our results indicate that 47% of yeast proteins are cytoplasmic, 13% mitochondrial, 13% exocytic (including proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vesicles), and 27% nuclear/nucleolar. A subset of nuclear proteins was further analyzed by immunolocalization using surface-spread preparations of meiotic chromosomes. Of these proteins, 38% were found associated with chromosomal DNA. As determined from phenotypic analyses of nuclear proteins, 34% are essential for spore viability--a percentage nearly twice as great as that observed for the proteome as a whole. In total, this study presents experimentally derived localization data for 955 proteins of previously unknown function: nearly half of all functionally uncharacterized proteins in yeast. To facilitate access to these data, we provide a searchable database featuring 2900 fluorescent micrographs at http://ygac.med.yale.edu.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2002

Increased morbidity from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis among workers at a newspaper printing company.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between printing works and nasopharygeal carcinoma as well as other diseases. METHODS: Demographic data were obtained for those who had worked in a particular newspaper company since its establishment in 1950. Through access to the data bank of the hospital records of the Labor Insurance Bureau for 1985-94, all workers were identified who had been admitted to hospital during their employment in the newspaper company. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to estimate the adjusted morbidity odds ratio (OR) for various diseases among the printing workers with cardiovascular diseases as the reference diseases. Biopsy specimens from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were all subjected to in situ hybridisation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and colocalisation of EBV and secretor component protein. RESULTS: Of the 1564 people who had worked in this company, 579 of them were admitted to hospital at least once. Five out of 144 printing workers admitted to hospital were diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with none of the other 435 non-printing workers admitted to hospital. The morbidity OR for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in printing workers was 57.0 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.8 to 1155.3). The morbidity OR for benign skin tumours was 28.0 (95% CI 2.7 to 293.1). Chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis also showed significant relations with printing works with a morbidity OR 29.4 (95% CI 1.7 to 514.7). Using all other diseases as the reference diseases for calculation of morbidity ORs still showed a similar trend. In situ hybridisation of EBV encoded small nuclear RNA-1 (EBER-1) showed tumour cells free of the EBV in each biopsy specimen. Colocalisation of EBER-1 and secretor component showed that some tumour cells contained both secretor component and EBV signal in each case. CONCLUSION: Printing works are associated with an increased risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, benign skin tumours, chronic pharyngitis or sinusitis, chronic liver diseases, and mechanical injuries. Induction of the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is probably not related to EBV infection in these patients.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Italian Group for Lap-Band System: results of multicenter study on patients with BMI < or =35 kg/m2.

BACKGROUND: The Lap-Band System is the most common bariatric operation world-wide. Current selection criteria do not include patients with BMI < or = 35. We report the Italian multicentre experience with BMI < or = 35 kg/m(2) over the last 5 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from 27 centres involved in the Italian Collaborative Study Group for Lap-Band System. Detailed information was collected on a specially created electronic data sheet (MS Access 2000) on patients operated in Italy since January 1996. Items regarding patients with BMI < or = 35 were selected. Data were expressed as mean +/- SD except as otherwise indicated. RESULTS: 225 (6.8%) out of 3,319 Lap-Band patients were recruited from the data-base. 15 patients, previously submitted to another bariatric procedure (BIB =14; VBG= 1) were excluded. 210 patients were eligible for study (34M/176F, mean age 38.19+/-11.8, range 17-66 years, mean BMI 33.9+/-1.1, range 25.1-35 kg/m(2), mean excess weight 29.5+/-7.1, range 8-41). 199 comorbidities were diagnosed preoperatively in 55/210 patients (26.2%). 1 patient (0.4%) (35 F) died 20 months postoperatively from sepsis following perforation of dilated gastric pouch. There were no conversions to laparotomy. Postoperative complications presented in 17/210 patients (8.1%). Follow-up was obtained at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. At these time periods, mean BMI was 31.1+/-2.15, 29.7+/-2.19, 28.7+/-3.8, 26.7+/-4.3, 27.9+/-3.2, and 28.2+/-0.9 kg/m(2) respectively. Co-morbidities completely resolved 1 year postoperatively in 49/55 patients (89.1%). At 60 months follow-up, only 1 patient (0.4%) has a BMI >30. CONCLUSIONS: Although surgical indications for BMI < or = 35 remain questionable, the Lap-Band in this study demonstrated that all but 1 patient achieved normal weight, and most lost their co-morbidities with a very low mortality rate.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Preserving confidentiality and security of patient health care information.

The lack of a uniform legal or regulatory scheme that applies to the protection of privacy in health care information and marketplace pressures placed on health care providers for access to patient data require physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers to establish and maintain security measures to protect against unauthorized access to patient records and vigilantly safeguard against improper disclosure.

Computer Security↗