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PubMedDate not supplied

Patient satisfaction and vision improvement after multiple surgery for recurrent retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: To assess patient satisfaction and functional status improvement after multiple surgery for recurrent retinal detachment (RRD) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) grade C. Main outcome measures included visual acuity (VA), anatomic outcome, and patients' answers to a standardized multiple-choice questionnaire. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed records of patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RRD with PVR grade C operated between 1997 and 1999. All included patients underwent a standardized telephone interview aimed at assessing the patients' visual performance and satisfaction. Statistical analysis used Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. p Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The population study included 62 patients with an average 19+/-4.1 months follow-up. The average number of operations was 2.9+/-0.7 with 1.45+/-0.50 recurrences. At the end of the study, 40/62 eyes had better than 5/400 vision and 14/62 better than 20/200; 2 patients had no light perception and 5 eyes still had RRD. Questionnaire answers yielded the following results: 61% believed their VA was better than before surgery, 13% the same, and 26% worse. Fifty-two percent noticed an improvement in binocular vision versus 35% stable and 13% worse: 84% thought their result had been worth the operation, 15% did not, and 2% did not know. Ninety percent believed the information they received before surgery was accurate. Results exceeded expectations in 35% of cases and matched them in 26%. Increase in binocular visual performance after intervention was significant for clothing, bathing, and home deambulation, climbing steps, watching TV, and reading, but not for car driving. The difference in VA improvement in satisfied and unsatisfied patients was significant. There was no significant correlation between patients' satisfaction and fellow-eye vision. CONCLUSIONS: The sample population showed a high rate of satisfaction and significant subjective improvement on four out of five tested activities, despite multiple surgeries and overall poor outcome, even in patients with a good VA in fellow eye. Many other factors such as visual field and contrast sensitivity improvement, not investigated by the authors, can play an important role in the visual functional status. Correct and extensive patient information remains critical in such settings.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Software model of a machine vision system based on the common house fly.

The vision system of the common house fly has many properties, such as hyperacuity and parallel structure, which would be advantageous in a machine vision system. A software model has been developed which is ultimately intended to be a tool to guide the design of an analog real time vision system. The model starts by laying out cartridges over an image. The cartridges are analogous to the ommatidium of the fly's eye and contain seven photoreceptors each with a Gaussian profile. The spacing between photoreceptors is variable providing for more or less detail as needed. The cartridges provide information on what type of features they see and neighboring cartridges share information to construct a feature map.

Algorithms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validity of vision screening by school nurses in seven regions of Oman.

We tested the validity of vision screening in schools in 7 regions of Oman in 2003. Two researchers tested 1719 randomly selected students in 4 school grades using the Snellen E acuity test. Trained school nurses had previously screened 182 233 students. The visual status recorded in the 2 screenings was compared. Sensitivity of screening by nurses was 68.34% (95% CI: 67.30-69.38) and specificity 99.23% (95% CI: 99.19-99.27). The positive predictive value was 85.42% (95% CI: 84.63-86.21) and negative predictive value was 97.93% (95% CI: 97.87-98.00). The sensitivity of the vision test was significantly higher in females, older students and in North Sharqiya region. In general, the vision screening of school students in Oman has satisfactory validity. Periodic training of nurses and supervision of the screening procedures could improve its sensitivity. Underlying causes of the high numbers of false negative cases should be further investigated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Comparative randomised active drug controlled clinical trial of a herbal eye drop in computer vision syndrome.

A comparative double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of a herbal eye drop (itone) was conducted to find out its efficacy and safety in 120 patients with computer vision syndrome. Patients using computers for more than 3 hours continuously per day having symptoms of watering, redness, asthenia, irritation, foreign body sensation and signs of conjunctival hyperaemia, corneal filaments and mucus were studied. One hundred and twenty patients were randomly given either placebo, tears substitute (tears plus) or itone in identical vials with specific code number and were instructed to put one drop four times daily for 6 weeks. Subjective and objective assessments were done at bi-weekly intervals. In computer vision syndrome both subjective and objective improvements were noticed with itone drops. Itone drop was found significantly better than placebo (p<0.01) and almost identical results were observed with tears plus (difference was not statistically significant). Itone is considered to be a useful drug in computer vision syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Contrast vision in patients with aphakia and pseudophakia].

A study was carried out on contrast vision in 26 aphakic patients (48 operated eyes) and 37 pseudophakic patients (37 operated eyes); in some cases an intraocular PMMA lens had been implanted, in others an IOGEL (polimacon) had been implanted. The level of sensitivity to contrast in both cases was found to be lower than expected by the Vistech company for aphakics. At the same time a comparative study was carried out of the results obtained for sharpness of vision in aphakic and pseudophakic patients, with the traditional tests of Snellen (long sightedness) and Parinaud (short sightedness) and those obtained with the Contrast Sensitivity Test System (VCTS-6500 for long sightedness and VCTS-6000 for short sightedness). The former tests were found to overestimate the visual results. Corrected aphakia was found to affect the sensitivity to contrast more than in pseudophakic cases. Nevertheless no significant differences were found between contrast vision in eyes with PMMA lens implantation and eyes with IOGEL (polimacon) lens implantation. Summing up, alterations in the sensitivity to contrast undetected by the simple measurement of visual sharpness were found.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[The importance of increasing awareness of hearing and vision in the elderly population].

Age-related hearing and vision impairment are not at all rare in the elderly population. These phenomena sometimes play a major role in the functional decline and the loss of independence of the elderly, even to the degree of sensory deprivation. Among the hearing-impaired only 9% use hearing aids, an additional 3% own a hearing aid but do not use it, and the remaining 88%, do not even have a hearing-aid, in spite of the decline in their hearing. This sensory deficiency is in addition to already existing functioning problems, adds to disability and lowers the quality of life of the elderly. The high incidence of vision and hearing problems, and the existing risk potential on the one hand, and the ability to improve and heal on the other, highlights the need for medical alertness. It requires the family physician, the internist, the geriatric physician and any other doctor treating the elderly population to show vigilance, increase awareness and refer the patients to appropriate evaluation and treatment. The evaluation of vision and hearing must be included in the functional geriatric assessment of the elderly population, which takes place in the office of the primary and secondary physicians and their teams. This article examines the changes which take place in these two senses during the process of aging, and attempts to increase the awareness to possible hindrances caused by aging, as well as currently available solutions.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Design of a system for vision screening and follow-up eye care for children in Milwaukee Public Schools.

Vision problems affect many school age children, while only few of children are adequately screened for vision problems. The design of an information system supporting vision screening and follow-up eye care for Milwaukee Public Schools is discussed in this paper, which includes wireless data collection and web-based data management. The implementation of the system is ongoing. The information system will provide service to approximately 5,000 students annually in 30 urban elementary schools.

Child↗
PubMed2006

[Emphasizing on reconstruction of postoperative binocular vision in children with eye disease].

Postoperative refractive correction, therapy of amblyopia and binocular visual function training are indispensable procedures for obtaining better effects after the operation for various common pediatric eye disease, e.g., strabismus and amblyopia, cataract, glaucoma and retinal detachment, etc.. Advancement in research of binocular vision development has provided new potentialities of reconstructing postoperative binocular vision in children with eye disease clinically. Along with improving visual acuity, we should be concern about reconstruction of postoperative binocular vision and try to decrease stereoblind, which can provide children with better visual function and help them adapt to modern social life.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1991

Visual rehabilitation in low vision patients with age-related macular degeneration.

Using optical visual aids, visual rehabilitation was performed in 14 low vision patients (25 eyes) with age-related macular degeneration. With distance aids, visual acuity improvement appeared in 24 eyes (95%) out of the 25 eyes. Twelve eyes (48%) obtained a visual acuity equal to or better than 0.4. With near visual aids, near acuity of all eyes (100%) was improved. Thirteen eyes (52%) got the near vision equal to or better than 0.5. Ten patients could read No. 5 Chinese Reading Card. The reading success rate was 71.4%. The results suggest that application of visual aids is an effective method to improve the distant and near visual acuity of low vision patients with AMD.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Every optometrist's concern--patient's access to low vision services.

Persons with low vision are increasing in numbers and searching for access to quality low vision services. Working with these patients is an important part of all optometric service models. Issues that should be considered and services that should be provided to patients with low vision are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

The Ocutech Vision Enhancing System (VES): utilization and preference study.

An NIH-sponsored user and prescriber preference trial was conducted comparing a new low vision telescope system, the Ocutech Vision Enhancing System (VES) to two conventional Keplarian spectacle telescope systems in a controlled cross-over clinical study performed at four independent low vision clinics. Fifty-five visually impaired individuals, 18-81 years of age, with both previous and no telescope experience, were followed for 8-16 weeks. The experimental and control devices were compared on a series of subject-selected visual tasks using a standardized clinical protocol. Subjects were trained in the use of the systems with standardized clinical methods. The data shows a statistically significant preference of the new design by both patient and clinician with the overriding factors relating to appearance, weight, adjustability and the fit of the frame.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Visual rehabilitation in low vision patients with aging macular degeneration].

Using optical visual aids, visual rehabilitation were performed in 14 cases (25 eye) of low vision patients with aging macular unity of all eyes (100%) was improved. Thirteen eyes (52%) got the near vision equal to or better than 0.5. Ten patients could read No. 5 Chinese Reading Card. The reading success rate was 71.4%. The results suggest that application of visual aids is an effective method to improve the distance and near visual acuity of low vision patients with AMD.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative studies of twilight vision with the Mesoptometer I and II and the Nyktometer].

In 44 persons (19 to 39 years old, visual acuity better than 1.0), mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare were measured under binocular conditions by means of Mesoptometer I and Mesoptometer II (Oculus) and Nyktometer (Rodenstock). No differences were found between the two mesoptometers, but the nyktometer provided significantly worse results (a difference of 2-3 numbers). Mesopic vision was improved by minus glasses in 20% of the cases (Mesoptometer I), in 39% (Mesoptometer II) or in 50% (Nyktometer). The last instrument evoked the greatest amount of accomodation ("instrument myopia"). The best instrument for testing mesopic vision and sensitivity to glare under natural conditions was Mesoptometer I. Equal results were obtained by Mesoptometer II. Because of the easy handling and reduced reliability of the results, the nyktometer can only be recommended for screening examinations.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1990

[Development of the Cartesian "Mechanics of vision" and its limits].

In his "Objections and Replies" to the "Meditations" Descartes developed a concept of sensory perception as a three-stage mechanism. Firstly, it consists of a purely mechanical process which comprises an excitation of the sensory organs leading to motion in the nerves. Secondly, he understood perception as a psychophysical interaction in which a specific signal pattern representing the surroundings is presented to the soul. Finally, in stage three, classification and judgement of the object presented complete the perceptual process. Ernst Cassirer suggests that Descartes' conception of the soul is elucidated more precisely in his physiological writings, in which physiology is considered as a field for the application of philosophical analysis. In the present paper an attempt is made to demonstrate that Descartes' mechanistic concept of vision led to a definition of perception as a active process within the soul. Based on Kepler's theory of the inverted retinal image and a rejection of the traditional idea of light generated within the eye, Descartes arrived at the hypothesis that one must strictly differentiate between the object image and its perceptual correlate. Since the objective physical conditions do not suffice for a complete understanding of perception, a restricted validity of the mechanistic theory of vision is the consequence. Thus Descartes transposed the question of perception as an active process from neurophysiology to psychology and established its relevance within his own metaphysics, hereby laying the foundations for a psychological discussion of theories of vision in British Sensism.

Europe↗
PubMed1990

[A survey of blindness and low vision in Shanxi Province].

In accordance with the unified criteria and methods over the country, a sampling survey of blindness and low vision was carried out in Shanxi province in April, 1987. The sample population was 53,656 persons and the actual number examined was 51,664 (96.3%). The provincial prevalence of blindness was 0.46%, i.e. 0.18% in cities and 0.50% in rural areas, with senile cataract as the leading cause for blindness (29.7%). The prevalence of monocular blindness was 0.85% and that of low vision 1.23%. The authors also proposed key points for the prevention and treatment of blindness and low vision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Color vision defects in chronic open angle glaucoma].

Glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy is associated with morphological and psychophysical changes. Using Roth's Besancon anomalometer, the Farnsworth 100 hue test and Nagel's anomaloscope, we examined color vision in 86 eyes of 51 patients suffering from chronic open-angle glaucoma and 57 eyes of 41 normal subjects. In the normal control group, blue und green sensitivity decreased and, accordingly, the anomaly quotient tested with Nagel's anomaloscope increased significantly (p less than 0.00001) with age. If the glaucoma and control groups were matched for age, refractive error and central visual acuity, decreasing blue sensitivity significantly (p less than 0.05) correlated with diminished visibility of the retinal nerve fiber bundles, a higher morphological glaucoma stage and larger perimetric defects. The presence and depth of localized defects of the retinal nerve fiber layer were not significantly different in glaucoma subgroups with lower and higher blue sensitivity, respectively, when the subgroups were matched for age, refractive error and visual acuity. No papillomorphologic marker for the cyanodyschromatopsia was detected. Red-green color vision was not significantly different between the normal and glaucoma eyes. Testing of blue color vision as an additional method is useful in the differential diagnosis of beginning glaucomatous optic nerve damage in patients with clear optic media and lack of macular changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Canadian ophthalmologists and low vision: a national survey.

It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a 36% increase in the number of people over 65 years of age compared with the number in 1977. Since visual impairment in developed countries is largely age related, the number of people who require low-vision services is rapidly increasing. A questionnaire survey was carried out to assess the extent of provision of low-vision services by ophthalmologists in Canada; 119 physicians (13%) responded. The results show that few ophthalmologists provide low-vision care. This situation warrants immediate attention.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Management of intermittent exotropia using a combination of vision therapy and surgery.

Vision therapy has been shown to provide higher success rates than surgery in the treatment of intermittent exotropia, but vision therapy is not successful in all cases. A case of intermittent exotropia is presented that illustrates the use of vision therapy in combination with surgery. Issues that should be considered when selecting this treatment option are discussed.

Adult↗