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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Frequency of occurrence of the zygomandibularis muscle: a recently described structure.

Many anatomical variations of the infratemporal area exist: muscle fusion, muscle belly separation, distinctly different origins, and both separate and aponeurotic insertions. This study is an attempt to find the frequency of occurrence of the zygomandibularis muscle, a recently described human structure. The zygomandibularis muscle may occur unilaterally, bilaterally, or may be absent, in this study, 23 female caucasian cadavers and 27 male caucasian cadavers were evaluated; the zygomandibularis muscle was found in 42% of the population of 50 cadavers.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Calvarial bone grafts and temporalis muscle flap for midfacial reconstruction after maxillary tumor resection: a long-term retrospective evaluation of 17 patients.

Midfacial reconstruction after radical oncological resection is a challenging endeavor and several options can be employed: prosthethic devices, pedicled flaps (with or without the aid of autologous or alloplastic grafts), and microvascular flaps. Each technique has specific indications, advantages and disadvantages. The use of traditional surgical reconstructive procedures seems to be shifted nowadays by microvascular free flaps. Nevertheless, in our experience the myofascial temporalis flap associated with free calvarial bone grafts demonstrate to be a safe and versatile option in primary midfacial reconstruction. From this point of view the authors have developed a technique for one-stage reconstruction of the orbito-maxillary skeleton and soft tissues and without the use of microsurgical flaps; this surgical procedure can be used only on patients for whom a resection of the cutaneous tissues and exenteratio orbitae are not necessary. The aims of this paper is to describe the surgical technique and to show a retrospective analysis on 17 patients which underwent midfacial radical resection and immediate reconstruction with calvarial bone grafts and temporalis muscle flap along 15 years.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Microcirculation in the skeletal muscle of the white rat subjected to deep immersion hypothermia and restored by self-warming].

The immersion hypothermia increased the blood flow at the initial stage, which was followed by a decrease in the capillary blood flow. In subsequent self-warming of the white rats the blood flow velocity was restored to practically initial values. No irreversible changes seem to occur in the rat muscle microcirculation system in a deep hypothermia.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The influences of habitual side chewing and the character of food on the masticatory muscle activity in children].

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of habitual side chewing and the characteristics of food on the masticatory muscle function in children. A total of thirty persons were subjected to the study; 10 with deciduous dentition (designated as G1), 10 with mixed dentition (as G2), 10 with permanent dentition (as G3), none of whom had any gnatho-facial dysfunction. EMGs were recorded from the temporal anterior muscles and masseter muscles on both sides, and the mandibular movement on the frontal plane was recorded during chewing of boiled fish cake paste, chewing-gum and chewing of dried cuttlefish on both the habitual side and the non-habitual side. EMG activities obtained and periods of closed phase, occlusal phase and open phase in the pathway of the mandibular movement were measured with a personal computer system. The relationship between the total muscle activities at clenching in the intercuspal position and the total muscle activities at chewing were also evaluated. The results obtained in the present study were as follows: 1) Influence of habitual side chewing on the rhythm of the mandibular movement during chewing of chewing-gum was not found in all groups. Influence on EMG activities was not found in G1 and G2, but were presented in G3. 2) Influence of the character of food on rhythm of mandibular movement was not clear in G1, but as found in the other groups, while EMG activities were influenced by the character of food in all groups. 3) The MA Index (the ratio of total muscle activities while chewing to total muscle activities at clenching) showed a decrease with age. As far as the results of the present study is concerned, it could be suggested that the proficiency of the chewing ability is dependent on the dentitional growth. Furthermore, the MA Index was considered to be appropriate for evaluating the masticatory muscle function in children.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Relationship in hypoplasia between the masticatory muscles and the craniofacial skeleton in hemifacial microsomia, as determined by 3-D CT imaging.

The purpose of this study, based on three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions, was to evaluate the relation between underdevelopment of masticatory muscles and hypoplasia of the craniofacial skeleton in hemifacial microsomia (HFM). In 25 patients with HFM and 19 control patients the volumes of the masseter, the temporal, and the medial-pterygoid and lateral-pterygoid muscles were measured on the basis of CT scans, using three-dimensional segmentation and voxel addition. The size and shape of the craniofacial structures were classified, using three-dimensional imaging based on CT scans. Contiguous 1.5-mm computed tomography scans were made with a Philips Tomoscan 350 and processed by a Cemax 1500X 3-D workstation. Using the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the Pruzansky/Kaban classification system, the new Craniofacial Deformity Scoring System, Cranial Deformity Scoring System, and Mandibular Deformity Scoring System (MDS) demonstrated correlation coefficients with the "masseter muscle percentage" varying from 0.71 to 0.81 (P < 0.05), with the medial pterygoid muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.43 to 0.56 (P < 0.05), with the lateral pterygoid muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.55 to 0.61 (P < 0.05), and with the temporal muscle percentage correlation coefficient varying from 0.67 to 0.84 (P < 0.05). The normal right/left difference in volume of the masticatory muscles of the control patients, calculated as a percentage of the total, demonstrated small differences of 3.4% to 4.8%. Bony malformations are associated with underdevelopment of the masseter and the temporal muscles, and demonstrate a tendency toward a clear relationship. The degree of muscular underdevelopment of the different muscles of mastication in one patient could vary widely. The normal right/left difference of the masticatory muscles of the control patients is minimal. The volume of the masticatory muscles of the non-affected side does not demonstrate a compensatory effect in patients with HFM.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain stem response evoked by electrical stimulation of the round window of the guinea pig.

The wave that is believed to correspond to wave V in man is an appropriate indicator of auditory nerve excitability because it is not contaminated by nonauditory neurogenic responses to electrical stimulation. The responses to direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve could be distinguished from the electrophonic response by the steep input-output function and constant latency of the former. Myogenic responses are prominent unless a muscle relaxant is administered.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2000

Infiltrating angiolipoma of the M. temporalis.

Angiolipomas are rare benign mesenchymal tumours that are distinguished from common lipomas by a marked degree of vascularisation. They are differentiated into non-infiltrating and the even less frequent infiltrating angiolipomas. The present case is the 9th report of an infiltrating angiolipoma of the head and neck. The patient was a 63-year-old man with an infiltrating angiolipoma of the left M. temporalis. Microscopic examination showed univacuolated adipose cells mixed with capillaries invading skeletal muscle. The patient has been free of recurrence since excision of the tumor.

Humans↗
PubMed2001

The course of the buccal nerve: relationships with the temporalis muscle during the prenatal period.

The aim of this study was to describe the course of the buccal nerve and its relationships with the temporalis muscle during the prenatal period. Serial sections of 90 human fetal specimens ranging from 9 to 17 wk development were studied by light microscopy. Each fetal specimen was studied on both right and left sides, making a total of 180 cases for study. A 3-D reconstruction of the region analysed in one of the specimens was made. In 89 cases the buccal nerve was located medial to the temporalis muscle; in 73 cases it penetrated the muscle; in 15 cases it lay in a canal formed by the muscle fibres and was covered by fascia, and finally, in 3 cases it was a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve. The study has revealed that in a large number of cases the buccal nerve maintains an intimate association with the temporalis muscle.

Cranial Nerves↗
PubMed1997

[The vascular network in human temporalis muscle and its surgical application].

Despite the widespread clinical use of the temporalis muscle flap, understanding of the intramuscular vasculatures and its distribution remains poor. The paper aims to evaluate the vascular network in human temporalis muscle for surgical application. Materials consisted of 30 fresh human temporalis muscle specimens. Vascular infusion was by either solution of Indian ink, lead oxide or methylmethacrylate. The vascular anatomy was analysed by stereomicroscopy, radiography and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the vascular supply of human temporalis muscle was primarily derived from 3 sources. Double veins pairing an artery was a common feature. The capillaries formed a dense interlacing network with orientation along the muscle fibres. In the coronal plane, the vessels were concentrated on the lateral and medial aspects with a reduced vascular density in the intermediate.

Capillaries↗
PubMed2006

Changes in oxygen uptake, shoulder muscles activity, and propulsion cycle timing during strenuous wheelchair exercise.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-over study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of strenuous wheelchair exercise on oxygen uptake (VO2 ), muscle activity and propulsion cycle timing (including the push time and recovery time during one full arm cycle). SETTING: Laboratory of Sport Sciences at the University of France-Comte in France. METHODS: Two exercise bouts of 6-min duration were performed at a constant workload: (1) non-fatigable exercise (moderate workload) and (2) fatigable exercise (heavy workload). Measurement of VO2, surface electromyographic activity (EMG) from shoulder muscles, and temporal parameters of wheelchair ergometer propulsion were collected from eight able-bodied men (26+/-4 years). RESULTS: A progressive increase in VO2 associated with EMG alterations (P<0.05), and a decrease of the cycle and recovery time (P<0.05) during the heavy exercise. Whereas the push time remained constant, an increased muscle activation time (P<0.05) was found during heavy exercise. CONCLUSION: Observations during wheelchair ergometry indicate the development of fatigue and inefficient muscle coordination, which may contribute to deleterious stress distributions at the shoulder joint, increasing susceptibility to injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Jaw movement responses to electrical stimulation of different parts of the human temporalis muscle.

Previous EMG studies have provided indications for the differential activation of the human temporalis muscle. However, in these studies the contribution of different parts of the temporalis muscle could not be separated from the contributions of other muscles, since contraction was performed by voluntary activation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine functional differences among various parts of the human temporalis muscle by means of recording the incisal point movement response to electrical stimulation of parts of the muscle. Five healthy male subjects participated in this study. Three locations (anterior, middle, and posterior temporalis muscle) were stimulated, by means of monopolar wire electrodes and rectangular pulses. The insertion depths of the stimulation electrodes were determined by means of magnetic resonance images. Stimulation was performed in four jaw positions (resting position, 50% maximum mouth opening, 1 cm to the left, and 1 cm to the right). Movement responses to stimulation of the different muscle parts were recorded with the OKAS-3D jaw movement analysis system. The movement responses were expressed in polar coordinates. The variation in the direction of the jaw movement response was partly explained by the factors 'stimulation location' and 'jaw position' (ANOVA, p < 0.001). When the stimulation location shifted in an antero-posterior direction, the response changed from a vertical-lateral incisal point movement to a lateral-posterior movement with a smaller vertical component. The jaw position during stimulation also influenced the movement response. A functional subdivision of the temporalis muscle into at least three parts is favored.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Craniofacial growth modified by blood supply. 8. Discussion of normal cranial growth of the rat].

The dimensions of the skull and the dry weight of the skull bones show definite sexual dimorphism. The dynamics of the growth in the skull dimensions and their vectorial presentation show that skull growth in Rattus norvegicus BERKENHOUT is most rapid between the 42nd d and the 4th month of life. This phase is followed by a phase of localized bone growth, which persists up to an age of 300 d. The faster growth of the viscerocranium leads to changes in the proportions of the skull. The relative positions of viscerocranium and mandible and the higher relative position of the dentures are similar to principle to those seen in man. Finally, the morphogenetic effect of the temporalis muscle together with that of the brain in the shaping of the skull are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An analytic study of surgical management of the temporomandibular joint ankylosis: an experience in Bangladesh.

The clinical observations on 14 cases of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis including age and sex incidences as well as surgical management are presented in this paper. Ankylotic TMJ arthroplasty which include condylectomy with or without interpositional materials such as auricular cartilage and temporalis muscle flap to prevent reankylosis was used as the corrective measure. The accessory procedures like costochondral grafts and saggital split osteotomy to restore ramus height accompanied by camouflaging genioplasty in some of these cases were carried out. Besides, bilateral concomitant coronoidectomy were done in all cases. The patients were divided in three groups. In four cases only condylectomy was performed; the result was poor in three cases and moderate in one case. Condylectomy accompanied by interpositioning of auricular cartilage was done in another four patients; the result was poor in one case, moderate in one case and good in 2 cases. Six subjects were treated with condylectomy along with interpositioning of temporalis muscle flap; the result was good in 5 and moderate in 1 case. Condylectomy with temporalis muscle flap appeared to be the best method for TMJ ankylosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Electromyographic heterogeneity in the human temporalis muscle.

This study examined the possible existence of regional differences in activation of the temporalis muscle. Since the muscle is fan-shaped, its fibers pull in different directions. This suggests regional specialization for different motor tasks. EMG activity was registered by six bipolar fine-wire electrodes inserted anteroposteriorly across the muscle belly. Muscle signals were recorded during different static bite tasks for which both the direction and magnitude of bite force were specified. The results showed that the ratio of activities of the six muscle regions changed with the direction of bite force. This indicates a partitioning of the excitatory command to the muscle's motoneuron pool. Alteration in activity with changing bite-force direction was generally the smallest in the anterior-most region of the muscle, the largest in the posterior-most region, and the intermediate in the interjacent regions. Generally, all muscle regions exhibited the highest EMG activity when the bite force was in an approximately posterolateral direction. The muscle was activated uniformly only for bites in this preferential direction. Activity in the regions appeared to be scaled up or down in a linear way according to the desired bite-force level. The results indicate that the direction of pull of the muscle and the maximal force it can produce are not fixed, but depend on the direction of bite force.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biosynthesis of the adenosine triphosphatase in rat skeletal muscle cell culture.

Temporal patterns of biosynthesis of the Ca2+ + Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase of sarcomplasmic reticulum were obtained from studies with primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle cells. Rates of synthesis at various stages of differentiation were estimated from the incorporation of tritium-labeled leucine into the ATPase. Cells were solubilized with detergent, and newly synthesized ATPase was isolated from cells by antibody precipitation in the presence of carrier ATPase. Radioactivity incorporated into the ATPase was determined after gel electrophoresis of the precipitates and counting of gel slices containing the ATPase band. In Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 10% horse serum and 0.5% chick embryo extract, mononucleated myoblast cells began to form multinucleated myotubes after about 50 hours in culture. Prior to fusion little ATPase synthesis was detectable; during fusion the ATPase was synthesized at an accelerating rate for a period of about 30 hours. The rate of synthesis levelled off after about 90 hours coincident with termination of fusion. In Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium containing 20% fetal calf serum and 8% embryo extract, the onset of fusion was delayed for 30 to 40 hours. In this medium biosynthesis of the ATPase was also delayed so that biosynthesis of the ATPase appeared to be correlated with fusion of muscle cells. Cells cultured in Culbecco's modified Eagle's medium containgin 10% horse serum, but only 60 muM Ca2+, proliferated but did not fuse. Under these conditions, synthesis of the ATPase was measurable at 50 to 60 hours, and the rate of synthesis accelerated until 120 hours when it declined. Under all conditions degradation of the ATPase occurred with a half-life of 20 hours whereas the half-life of total protein degradation was 40 hours. Synthesis of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, like that of a number of other muscle-specific proteins, is greatly accelerated as myoblasts fuse and differentiate into myotubes. Fusion is not essential for this phenomenon, however, although it is normally concomitant with it.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2004

Canalicular adenoma of the palate: case report and literature review.

Canalicular adenoma is a rare benign salivary gland tumor of the oral cavity, typically located in the upper lip and buccal mucosa and infrequently found on the palate. The tumor is usually confined to soft tissue and rarely presents with bone erosion. A case of a large and locally-aggressive palatal canalicular adenoma is presented. The lesion presented herein was an asymptomatic ulcerated mass with significant bone erosion. The tumor was managed surgically with excision and reconstruction of the resulting palatal defect with a full temporalis muscle flap.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Reconstruction of the orbital floor after its removal for malignancy.

Reconstruction of the orbital floor for malignant disease can be difficult. The tissue used should replace the floor itself and the orbital rim to ensure appropriate positioning of the globe and to avoid ectropion. The authors present a simple technique using temporalis muscle with attached coronoid process of the mandible that covers both these areas, and which is suitable for most defects in this area.

Adult↗