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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Post-traumatic growth disorders and corrective measures on the growing skeleton].

In order to develop efficient therapies in paediatric traumatology we investigated 1500 patients in all age groups with bony lesions of the growing skeleton. In particular we wanted to evaluate the limits and reliability of the correction mechanisms. Having done this evaluation we found some completely new correction mechanisms, and also we defined the reliability of the known mechanisms of repair. Also we wanted to determine the frequencies of the various disturbances of growth and how far these could be influenced by primary therapy. The rare disturbance of partial stimulation of growth, resulting in consecutive deformity was the only one which could be primarily influenced by therapy.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the changes in the bone structures of the human axial skeleton in prolonged space flight].

Changes in the mineral content of the left heel bone of the Salyut-6 crewmembers who made 75--184-day flights were measured by direct photon absorptiometry. The postflight results were compared with the predicted rate of bone atrophy. This parameter was derived from the data concerning variations in the mineral content of spongy bones of men and animals exposed to actual and simulated weightlessness for various time intervals. The efficiency of countermeasures against the adverse effect of weightlessness on bones was assessed. It is concluded that crewmembers with a high content of minerals in spongy structures of the axial skeleton and a low basal metabolism should be selected for prolonged space missions.

Atrophy↗
PubMed1984

Metropolitan Forensic Anthropology Team (MFAT) studies in identification: 1. Race and sex assessment by discriminant function analysis of the postcranial skeleton.

A case study is presented to demonstrate the utility of the team approach to the identification of human remains, and to illustrate a methodological innovation developed by MFAT. Case 1 represents the first of several planned case studies, each designed to present new methodological solutions to standard problems in identification. The present case describes a test, by application, of race and sex assessment of the postcranial skeleton by discriminant function analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Incapacitating spinal curvature in a skeleton discovery from the Middle Ages (7th/8th to the beginning of the 9th century). A case of probable spondylitis tuberculosa].

A case is presented of disability due to spondylitis of probable tuberculous etiology found in a skeleton from the early Middle Ages in Switzerland. It is suggested that the young woman had not been rejected from her family community or kinship because of her invalidity, as is thought to have often been the rule at that time.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Successful regional immunotherapy with cell-wall skeletons of BCG and Nocardia rubra against autochthonous rat tumors.

Autochthonous tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA) in the thigh of Fischer 344 rats were treated by nonspecific immunotherapy with cell-wall skeleton of BCG (BCG-CWS) or Nocardia rubra (N-CWS) after incomplete radiotherapy. When MCA-induced autochthonous tumors grew to 3 cm in diameter, they were resected and autografted to the contralateral thigh. When the autografted tumors reached 1 cm in diameter, they were exposed to a single irradiation with 2000 rad giving rise to complete shrinkage in 16.6% of the cases. The rates of complete shrinkage were increased to 36.4% and 58.3%, respectively, by combined regional immunotherapy with BCG-CWS or N-CWS. Furthermore, immunoprophylactic effects of BCG-CWS and N-CWS were also detected in this experimental system.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Demonstration of bone tissue in the axial skeleton of a chondrichthian: the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)].

Dogfish vertebra have been studied by means of an undecalcified hard tissue method, including microradiography and tetracycline labelling. The transversal section of Dogfish vertebra shows a centrum and two couples of neural and hemal arches. The mineralized area consists of a narrow but continuous band, just against the perichondrium, formed by chondrocytes that participate in the surrounding matrix mineralization. The neural arches appear quite different: the upper parts contain hypertrophied cartilage and, close to it, the inner zones are formed by a crescent-shaped lamellar bone containing osteoblasts and osteocytes. A tetracycline label of these two types of hard tissue reveals a globular calcification with calcospherites and Liesegang rings, at the level of calcified cartilage and a strong and linear label of the inner border of the osseous tissue. The presence of osseous tissue in Elasmobranch endoskeleton is discussed in relation to, on one hand the evolution of the Gnathostomes skeleton and on an other hand the endocrinological point of view of calcium metabolism regulation in this group.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In vivo and in vitro effects of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on natural killer activity in mice.

The in vivo and in vitro effects of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) on natural killer (NK) activity of spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes of C57BL/6 mice were studied. The NK activity of spleen and peritoneal lymphocytes against YAC-1 lymphoma cells and cultured B-16 melanoma cells peaked at 3 days after intraperitoneal or intravenous administration of N-CWS, and returned to the normal value 7 days later. The NK activity of spleen lymphocytes was augmented by in vitro incubation with N-CWS. The appropriate concentration of N-CWS for the in vitro stimulation of NK activity in spleen lymphocytes was 2-5 micrograms/ml.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[General patterns of bone atrophy in the absence of a weight load on the skeleton].

The rate of atrophic changes in spongy bones of the weightless man was estimated, using studies of human, dog and rat bones, as well as observations of neurological patients bed-stricken for a long time. Taking into consideration data on the literature on the bone status and mineral balance in real and simulated space flights, two models were built. The models make it possible to estimate osteoporosis of spongy bones of the axial skeleton in the absence of weight loading. One of the models--an intraspecies model for the human population--is based on the experimentally found rate of the physiological rearrangement of various spongy bones. The other--interspecies--model is built with reference to the parameters determining the rate, i. e. bone density and metabolism. The average monthly rates of axial bone losses calculated by means of the two independent methods are essentially identical. The data obtained allow prediction of the decrease of tolerance to head-to-feet impact acceleration as a function of flight duration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton against pleuritis carcinomatosa in adenocarcinoma of the lung].

Forty-one cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung with pleuritis carcinomatosa were randomly assigned to either chemotherapy alone or chemoimmunotherapy using Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton as immunopotentiator. In 34 evaluable patients, the rates of volume decrease and the disappearance of tumor cells in pleural effusion were higher in chemoimmunotherapy group than in chemotherapy alone group, and median survival times from the beginning of treatment in chemotherapy alone and chemoimmunotherapy groups were 189 and 266 days, respectively. The survival times in patients with stage III and P.S. 0+1+2 were better than those in patients with stage IV and P.S. 3, respectively. Transient fever and mild elevation of GPT and GOT were tolerated without any treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Distribution of bone tissue renewal processes in the skeleton of rats on a hypocaloric diet].

The present study was undertaken to confirm if the mechanical forces can control the pattern of bone turnover as previously demonstrated in our researches on the skeleton of dog. The bone turnover pattern in spongy and compact long bones of lactating female rats submitted to a Calcium deficient diet has been investigated. One group of female rats was maintained on a Ca++ deficient diet for 10 days and a second group for 30 days. Both groups were submitted after this period to a normal diet for 10 days. A third group of female rats of the same age maintained to a normal diet was used as control. The results obtained are in agreement with our previous researches and indicate that mechanical stresses appreciably control the bone turnover pattern. In fact the diminished assumption of Ca++ with diet has caused bone loss at first in the metaphyseal deeply located spongiosa, region less essential to mechanical resistance; only if the ipocalcic diet is protracted, the epiphyseal spongiosa and compact bone of the metaphysis and diaphysis -more heavily mechanical loaded portions of the long bones- were removed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Pediatric fractures of the facial skeleton: a survey of 85 cases from Kaduna, Nigeria.

A survey of 1,447 cases of fractures of the facial skeleton from Kaduna, Nigeria, showed that 85 cases (5.9%) occurred in children younger than 13 years. The lowest incidence recorded was in the group of patients younger than age 3 but there was a gradual increase up to the age of 13 years, with the highest incidence occurring in the 12- to 13-year-old age group. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1 to 1. The site distribution in descending order of frequency was body of the mandible, mandibular condylar process, angle of the mandible, malar and nasal complexes, maxilla, and ascending ramus of the mandible. Most of the fractures were immobilized by simple methods, and union was achieved within two to six weeks. Of the 12 fractures of the condylar process, ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint developed in six; in addition, two had mandibular undergrowth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The effect of physical activity on the skeleton.

Immobilization of the whole body or a part of it will lead to a self-limited osteoporosis in the parts of the skeleton involved. This may be prevented by physical training, especially if the anti-gravity muscles are employed. It is uncertain whether physical activity can increase the maximal bone mass or limit the loss of bone due to ageing, although individual reports suggest that both are possible. It would be of considerable significance to have this point clarified, since fractures in osteoporotic patients pose a significant medical and health economics problem.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton on T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice bearing syngeneic sarcoma.

Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic MC104 fibrosarcoma cells was detected in C57BL/6N mice 7 days after tumor inoculation in the hind foot. This cytotoxicity was undetectable by Day 14 in the Winn test using spleen and draining popliteal lymph node (DPLN) cells. Similar results were obtained with the 51Cr release assay following in vitro activation of these lymphoid cells with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. The antitumor cytotoxicity was shown to be mediated by T-cells. Spleen but not DPLN cells from 14-day tumor bearers enhanced tumor growth in the Winn test, suggesting the presence of immunosuppressor cells in the spleen. Two intralesional injections of 50 microgram of cell wall skeleton (CWS) of Nocardia rubra on Days 2 and 7 resulted in apparent tumor growth inhibition and prolongation of the survival period of tumor bearers. DPLN cells from tumor bearers treated with N. rubra CWS exhibited significant recovery in the cytotoxicity tested on Day 14, whereas the recovery in that of spleen cells was not apparent. The cytotoxicity augmented by N. rubra CWS was specific to MC104 tumor cells and was shown to be mediated by T-cells. These cytotoxic T-cells were shown to be able to localize not only in DPLN but also in the spleen and tumor in mice receiving the intralesional immunotherapy with N. rubra CWS. These results suggest that T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumor can be augmented by N. rubra CWS and might play an important role in the systemic development of its antitumor effect, although the effector cell increase in the spleen might be suppressed by splenic suppressor cells during tumor growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Development of the skeleton in normal rats and in rats with trypan blue induced spina bifida.

In this study skeletal abnormalities in trypan blue induced axial dysraphic disorders were investigated and compared with the normal ontogenesis of the rat skeleton. The first appearance and developmental sequence of the cartilaginous and osseous structures in embryos and fetuses of normal dams were described and discussed in relation to the literature. Two main types of spina bifida were found in the offspring of trypan blue treated dams: open and occult spina bifida. Vertebral abnormalities in open spina bifida fetuses were most frequently present in the lower thoracic region and were always accompanied by rib malformations. In occult spina bifida on the contrary the abnormalities in the vertebral arches were mainly restricted to the sacral region. Both types of spina bifida were accompanied by hypoplastic tails. Apart from a delay in the onset and progress of ossification no other skeletal abnormalities were seen following trypan blue treatment. A human fetus with spina bifida was X-rayed and the vertebral abnormalities detected were very similar to those in rat fetuses.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1982

[Possibilities of errors in radiological diagnostics of the skeleton (author's transl)].

Errors in the radiological diagnosis of the skeleton can be based on physicotechnical factors, on the use of a wrong technique of examination, or on erroneous evaluation of x-ray films. The individual factors contributing to possible errors are sub-classified and discussed as examples. An attempt is made to set up quality criteria for skeletal radiology.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton on colony-stimulating activity and myeloid colony formation.

The in vivo effect of Nocardia rubra cell-wall skeleton (N-CWS) was studies on the generation of bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming units culture (CFU-c)] and on the levels of myeloid colony-stimulating activity (CSA) in the conditioned medium of the lung (LCM) and serum obtained from mice. In vitro bone marrow culture showed that intraperitoneal (ip) treatment of mice with N-CWS markedly enhanced CFU-c formation induced by stimuli in LCM or serum derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice. The LCM and serum of mice injected with N-CWS ip were also prepared and assayed for CSA. CSA levels with N-CWS-LCM as well as LPS-LCM used as the standard CSA were markedly greater than those achieved with control LCM. N-CWS-serum also showed a low but significant level of CSA. The CSA level of N-CWS-LCM was maximal at 3 to 5 days after N-CWS injection. These results raise the possibility that enhanced CSA production might be a major mechanism for N-CWS stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage production.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in rats pretreated with Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton.

Hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities such as aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine demethylase activities decreased to about 50% of the control levels 1 day after i.v. injection of 4.0 mg/kg Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS) to rats. These levels recovered gradually, and returned to almost the same levels as the control 6 days after injection. Cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity showed almost the same temporal changes as the mixed-function oxidase activities; cytochrome b5 content ws less affected than the others by the treatment. The enzyme activities and contents decreased less 1 and 3 days after i.v. injection of 0.4 and 0.04 mg/kg N-CWS than after the 4.0 mg/kg injection. These levels recovered gradually as well as the 4.0 mg/kg group. Three days after i.p., s.c. and p.o administration of 4.0 mg/kg N-CWS to rats, aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome b5 content decreased significantly to 82 and 92% of the control, respectively, in the s.c. pretreated group, but the others did not change significantly.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Morphometric and histophysical studies of the limb skeleton of rats in hypokinesia].

Studied were the bones of the limbs of 20 male rats of the Wistar line divided into 2 groups--one immobilized and one control. The latter was raised under the normal conditions of a vivarium, and the test group of 60-day-old rats was kept in individual cells for physiologic immobilization. The experiment lasted for a total of 390 day, i.e., at the time of killing and sampling the animals were at the age of 450 days. Each part of the limbs was measured severalfold at several sites by means of a slide-gauge and the data were processed statistically and via dispersion analyses. Besides, the structure of the bone tissue was investigated in histologic preparations, determining the density of the osteocytes. Measured was also the microhardness after Wikers of the bones of the two groups of animals, using a metallographic microhardmeter. It was established that all bones of the fore- and the hindlimb were shorter and in general smaller under the effect of hypokinesia. Immobilization was shown to affect chiefly the proximal bones of the limb skeleton. The growth of the bones decreased in hypokinesia to the detriment not so much of the cell elements than of the intercellular matter of the bone tissue. The microhardness of the bones of the immobilized rats was lower than that of the control ones.

Animals↗