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PubMed1989

Moral traditions, ethical language, and reproductive technologies.

The Vatican Instruction on reproductive technologies and the OTA report, Infertility, both use "rights" language to advance quite different views of the same subject matter. The former focuses on the rights and welfare of the embryo, and the protection of the family, while the latter stresses the freedom and rights of couples. This essay uses the work of Alasdair MacIntyre and Jeffrey Stout to consider the different traditions grounding these definitions of rights. It is proposed that a potentially effective mediating language could be that of "human nature", and argued that donor methods raise more serious moral objections than homologous ones.

Catholicism↗
PubMed1989

Will Webster redefine Roe v. Wade? The Supreme Court could use a Missouri case to begin limiting abortion rights.

The U.S. Supreme Court's decision to review Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, a Missouri case that challenges the validity of legislative direction of public policy as outlined in Roe v. Wade, has fueled speculation that the Court will use the case to reconsider, and perhaps reverse, Roe. When the Supreme Court in Roe v. Wade opened the door to legalized abortion, it guaranteed only a woman's right to choose to terminate or continue a pregnancy without undue interference by the state--citing legitimate grounds for "due" interference by the state. In 1986 the Missouri legislature passed a statute that regulated medical practices related to abortion, including broad restrictions on the expenditure of state funds. Further, the state attempted to protect viable fetuses and directed physicians to perform certain tests to ascertain the baby's gestational age. It also contained a legislative finding that "life begins at conception." A challenge was filed almost immediately. In its application for Supreme Court review, Missouri questioned whether the Roe "trimester approach for selecting the test for which state regulation of abortion services is reviewed should be reconsidered and discarded in favor of a rational basis test." It further argued that if Missouri's statutory provisions are unconstitutional under Roe, then "Roe v. Wade should itself be reconsidered." Under current jurisprudence, it is debatable whether this formulation of the case will invite direct review of Roe. For the foreseeable future, the law will likely protect the notion that an abortion decision implicates a fundamental liberty interest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1984

[Spatial characteristics of the P loop in normal subjects and in patients with an enlarged right atrium].

The studies performed have shown that: 1) using automatic reproduction of 10-20-fold magnified images of P-loop it is possible to learn its configuration, duration, recording direction, position and orientation of its moment vectors; 2) using digital computer list output of curves it is possible to determine numerical values of PXYZ-loop parameters and its vector and scalar characteristics; 3) for the diagnosis of right atrial dilatation (RAD) the assessment of vector values is more important than their orientation by azimuth and elevation angles; 4) the increase beyond normal (M + 2 sigma) of space vector values of PXYZ-loop - P0.25 greater than 0.16 mV, -Pmax greater than 0.22 mV and SP area greater than or equal to 0.03 mV.mV (3 mm2) reflects the initial stage of RAD; 5) changes of normal initial/final vector ratio (-P0,025 greater than or equal to -P0,075 - in normal subjects and P0,075 greater than or equal to P0,025 in patients with RAD) indicate the advanced stage of RAD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[The current state of law as a mirror of social movements and currents].

The question of what movements and currents in society may have urged the legislator to grant to the life of the pre-implanted embryo complete legal protection, in obvious contradistinction to the total denial of the latter to a post-implantation foetus, when a pregnant woman is deem to be in a legally-recognised pregnancy-related conflict situation, is investigated. To the extent that it exacerbates the difficulties of sterile couples to have children, this state of affairs differs considerably from the legal situation of almost all other countries of the western world. It is dismaying to note the widespread lack of interest of the public regarding the question of how to bridge the inconsistencies of evaluation of the need for protection of human life before and after nidation. Arguments designed to explain this discrepancy in legal or ethical terms do not convince. Apart from the lessening impact of the role of women in reproduction, it is the awareness of the historic burden of national guilt created by the atrocities committed by the Third Reich that is said to account for the scrupulousness and backward as opposed to prospective orientation of large parts of German society. Sterile women and couples are those that suffer most on account of this situation and might ultimately be tempted to look for medical help in more liberal countries, should their wish to have children be thwarted in Germany for legal reasons.

Bioethics↗