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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Hypertensive urogram: a nondiscriminatory test for renovascular hypertension.

Evidence has accumulated from clinical experience that the hypertensive urogram is not a satisfactory screening test for differentiating hypertension due to renal artery stenosis from essential hypertension. This is contrary to the conclusion reached in the report of the Cooperative Study published in 1972. The present investigation was done to: (1) reassess the value of the hypertensive urogram on the basis of experience at a single institution and (2) to reassess the validity of the Cooperative Study conclusions. In 197 patients operated on at the University of Michigan for renal artery stenosis during 1961-1977, the true-positive rate for hypertensive urography for prediction of surgical cure or improvement was 60.2%. In 131 patients undergoing hypertensive urography in 1977, the incidence of positive examinations in screening was 0.8%. The chance for a favorable surgical outcome in hypertensive patients having positive hypertensive urograms is now calculated as 24%, rather than 50% as stated in the Cooperative Study. Reanalysis of the Cooperative Study data also shows that the false-negative rate for screening is at least 21.8%, rather than 1.7%. A screening strategy fo choosing patients for renal arteriography and surgery on the basis of clinical factors and excluding urography is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Anterior cruciate ligament injury: fast spin-echo MR imaging with arthroscopic correlation in 217 examinations.

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the accuracy of MR imaging strategy that uses primarily fast spin-echo sequences for the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original clinical interpretations of MR images of 217 examinations of the knee joint were correlated with subsequent arthroscopic results. Each MR examination included a double-echo fast spin-echo sequence as the only imaging sequence in the sagittal plane. Subsequent discordant MR and arthroscopic examinations were then subjected to reanalysis by two observers who were unaware of arthroscopic results to determine if misinterpretations were observer or image dependent. Two hundred sixteen patients who underwent MR imaging for suspected internal derangement of the knee subsequently underwent arthroscopic surgery. Two patients had both knees evaluated. One patient was excluded because he was referred for evaluation for osteomyelitis, not internal derangement. This yielded a total number of 217 MR examinations for suspected internal derangement of the knee. RESULTS: For 56 arthroscopically proven tears, the sensitivity of MR imaging was 96%. The specificity was 98%, yielding an overall accuracy rate of 98%. The positive and negative predictive values were 95% and 99%, respectively. These values are within the ranges of previously reported MR imaging strategies using conventional spin-echo sequences. CONCLUSION: Fast spin-echo MR imaging of the knee can be an alternative to conventional spin-echo imaging for the detection of anterior cruciate ligament tears.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Tamoxifen-induced anorexia is associated with fatty acid synthase inhibition in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and accumulation of malonyl-CoA.

Fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus has recently been shown to regulate feeding. The selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen (TMX) exerts a potent anorectic effect. Here, we show that the anorectic effect of TMX is associated with the accumulation of malonyl-CoA in the hypothalamus and inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FAS) expression specifically in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMN). Furthermore, we demonstrate that FAS mRNA expression is physiologically regulated by fasting and refeeding in the VMN but not in other hypothalamic nuclei. Thus, the VMN appears to be the hypothalamic site where regulation of FAS and feeding converge. Supporting the potential clinical relevance of these observations, reanalysis of a primary breast cancer prevention study showed that obese women treated with TMX gained significantly less body weight over a 6-year period than obese women given placebo. The finding that TMX can modulate appetite through alterations in FAS expression and malonyl-CoA levels suggests a link between hypothalamic sex steroid receptors, fatty acid metabolism, and feeding behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evidence from a large U.K. family collection that genes influencing age of onset of type 2 diabetes map to chromosome 12p and to the MODY3/NIDDM2 locus on 12q24.

Additional information on genetic susceptibility effects relevant to type 2 diabetes pathogenesis can be extracted from existing genome scans by extending examination to related phenotypes such as age at disease onset. In this study, we report the reanalysis of data from 573 U.K. sibships ascertained for multiplex type 2 diabetes, using age at onset (assessed by the proxy measure of age at diagnosis) as the phenotype of interest. Genome-wide evidence for linkage to age at diagnosis was evaluated using both variance components and Haseman-Elston (HECOM) regression approaches, with extensive simulations to derive empirical significance values. There was broad agreement across analyses with six regions of interest (logarithm of odds [LOD] >/==" BORDER="0">1.18) identified on chromosomes 1qter, 4p15-4q12, 5p15, 12p13-12q13, 12q24, and 14q12-14q21. The strongest empirically "suggestive" evidence for linkage comes from regions on chromosome 12. The first region (12p13-12q13), peaking at D12S310 (variance components LOD [LOD(VC)] = 2.08, empirical pointwise P = 0.0007; HECOM LOD [LOD(HECOM)] = 2.58, P = 0.0010) seems to be novel. The second (12q24) peaking between D12S324 and D12S1659 (LOD(VC) = 1.87, P = 0.0016; LOD(HECOM) = 1.93, P = 0.0027) overlaps a region showing substantial prior evidence for diabetes linkage. These data provide additional evidence that genes mapping to these chromosomal regions are involved in the susceptibility to, and/or development of, type 2 diabetes.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2004

Variation at the insulin gene VNTR (variable number tandem repeat) polymorphism and early growth: studies in a large Finnish birth cohort.

Variation at the insulin gene (INS-)VNTR (variable number of tandem repeats) minisatellite polymorphism has been reported to be associated with both early growth and adult metabolic phenotypes. However, the samples studied have been small and the relationship between INS-VNTR variation and parameters of early growth inconsistent, with four previous studies producing conflicting results. We have studied the relationship between INS-VNTR class (measured by genotyping the nearby -23HphI variant with which it is in tight linkage disequilibrium) and early growth in 5,646 members of the Northern Finnish Birth Cohort of 1966. Comparing class III homozygotes with other genotypes using multivariate linear regression analysis, we found no significant associations with any early growth measure (birth weight, birth length, ponderal index, and head circumference at 1 year), even after stratifying subjects by growth trajectory during infancy and/or birth order. For example, among infants with limited postnatal growth realignment (n = 2,470), class III/III infants were no heavier at birth (difference [+/-SE] in the means [fully adjusted], 58 +/- 51 g; P = 0.26) than class I/- infants. No significant associations were detected following reanalysis with an additive model (for example, for birth weight, beta = 20 g [95% CI -3 to 44], P = 0.09). Studies of this large population-based cohort have failed to generate convincing evidence that INS-VNTR variation influences early growth.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1988

Stability of reacted Chemstrip bG.

Reacted Chemstrip bG glucose reagent strips have been reported to retain their color changes for up to 7 days. Thus, patients could theoretically measure their blood glucose and mail their reacted test strips to their physicians for reanalysis. To test the stability of reacted Chemstrip bG blood glucose measurements, 268 Chemstrip bG test strips were reacted with blood obtained from 67 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, stored in desiccator vials, and read daily for 5 consecutive days with an Accu-Chek II blood glucose meter. Although Chemstrip bG blood glucose values significantly correlated with initial reference Beckman glucose analyzer glucose determinations for all 5 days, a steady significant decay in blood glucose readings over time was observed, and clinically accurate strip readings declined from 94% to 68%. Because this decay appeared consistent, correction factors were calculated with regression analyses. The correction factor for day 5 Accu-Chek II readings reduced measurement error by 77%. When applied to a different validation sample, this correction factor decreased day 5 error by 73%. Hence, it seems that correction factors may be applied to delayed readings of Chemstrips obtained with Accu-Chek II that would correct for the observed reduction in blood glucose readings. From these results, we conclude that delayed readings of Chemstrip bG test strips with the Accu-Chek II are not sufficiently accurate for clinical decision making or research purposes unless mathematically corrected.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed2005

Effect of an indwelling nasogastric tube on gastric emptying rates of liquids in horses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of an indwelling nasogastric tube on gastric emptying of liquids in horses. ANIMALS: 9 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURE: A randomized block crossover design was used. For treatment group horses, a nasogastric tube was placed and 18 hours later, acetaminophen was administered; the nasogastric tube remained in place until the experiment was complete. For control group horses, a nasogastric tube was passed into t stomach, acetaminophen was administered, and the nasogastric tube was removed immediately. Serial blood samples were collected 15 minutes before and after administration of acetaminophen. Serum concentration of acetaminophen was determined by use of fluorescence polarization immunoassay. The variables, time to maximum acetaminophen concentration (Tmax) and the appearance constant for acetaminophen (Kapp), were determined. The values for Kapp and Tmax in horses with and without prolonged nasogastric tube placement were compared. RESULTS: No significant difference was found in Kapp between horses with and without prolonged nasogastric tube placement; the median difference in Kapp was 0.01 min(-1) (range, -0.48 to 0.80 min(-1). No significant difference was found in Tmax between horses with and without prolonged nasogastric tube placement; the median difference in Tmax was 5 minutes (range, -30 to 50 minutes). Reanalysis of data following the removal of possible outlier values from 1 horse resulted in a significant difference in Tmax between horses with and without prolonged nasogastric tube placement. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although no clinically important impact of 18 hours of nasogastric intubation was found on gastric emptying in healthy was found among horses.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1978

Duration of task: an indicator of differentiation between motoneuron pools.

Sustaining an isometric contraction at a percentage of maximum contraction value prior to fatigue is significantly longer for the dominant arm than the non-dominant arm as reanalysis of data shows. This peripheral motor parameter which differentiates handedness as reflected in motoneuron pools may clarify the relationship between contralateral motor function and functional cerebral lateralizations.

Arm↗
PubMed1981

Reversed cerebral asymmetries as a potential risk factor in autism: a reconsideration.

This paper provides a methodological modification and reanalysis of the data presented by Hier, et al. in 1979 on the presence of unfavorable cerebral asymmetry in autistic patients. In contrast to prior findings, statistical significance was obtained, suggesting that it is premature to assert that such morphologic anomalies may be considered a risk factor in autism.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1984

Lateralized brain processing of faces and facial expressions: level of blurring and specificity.

Earlier papers showed that the relative impairment in response to faces and facial expressions shown by right-brain-damaged subjects was reduced by using blurred stimuli. Reanalysis of these data supports the hypothesis of differential hemispheric sensitivity to spatial frequency of inputs and shows processing of expressions partially depends on the processing of faces.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1985

Wechsler performance IQ deficit in depressed children.

The original analysis of data on 100 consecutive school age children referred for evaluation of school difficulties showed no differences in IQ among the children with depression and those without depression. Reanalysis of those data shows that a significant number of the depressed children (but not the nondepressed children) have a 15-IQ point Wechsler Performance IQ deficit. This supports the contention that a major subgroup of depressed individuals have right cerebral-hemisphere dysfunction.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1988

Call for a follow-up study of experiments on long-term deprivation of human infants.

Three experiments on long-term isolation and educational deprivation of infants were performed 50 years ago by Myrtle McGraw and by Wayne and Marsena Dennis. Current textbooks regularly present these studies incorrectly as supporting the notion that early motor development is unaffected by environment. This presentation is shown to be incorrect by a reanalysis of the studies which indicates severe and far-reaching negative effects of the depriving conditions upon the experimental infants. A follow-up study of the experimental subjects in later years and a publication of McGraw's unreported study are called for.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Vigilance ratios implicate biological rhythms.

Vigilance research has been focused on differences, yet ratios might have intrinsic, numerical significance. Reanalysis of data from Watkins' 1963 psychophysical experiment and 49 vigilance reports showed that individual and group ratios, including errors or misses: detections, were related to roots (particularly of base 1/12 and multiples), powers, e-base ratios (EBR), and fractions. Examples are given from well-known experiments of remarkably exact relationships between conditions, time periods, etc. It is suggested that these phenomena are the product of biological rhythms. Theoretical implications are briefly discussed and the advantages of ratio analysis noted, as when this method proved that criterion beta changes, given as nonsignificant, formed part of an ordered set. In a real-world application, the frequency of lane-drifts in O'Hanlon and Kelly's 1977 report is shown to follow a mathematical pattern.

Arousal↗
PubMed1993

Adolescent time perspective: a further note.

Researchers on temporal extension have moved from using global measures of temporal extension to using domain-specific measures. A reanalysis of 1992 data from 98 boys and 103 girls tested whether domain-specific measures of temporal extension were correlated with global measures of both past and future temporal extension. Moderate correlations support the generalisation of findings from earlier studies, using global measures, to more recent studies with domain-specific measures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Handedness and dyslexia: a meta-analysis.

The question whether there is an association between handedness and dyslexia has been investigated in many studies spanning more than 50 years. In 1990, Bishop reviewed studies which met stringent methodological criteria and concluded that there was little support for an association. A reanalysis of the same studies using newer procedures of meta-analysis shows that there is a small but reliable increase in the proportion of nonright-handers among dyslexics as expected by the right-shift theory of handedness of Annett.

Child↗
PubMed1996

An investigation of a method of simplified scoring for the Kaufman Hand Movements test as a measure of limb apraxia.

A simplified, 3-category method for scoring the Kaufman Hand Movements test was devised to replace a previously used, more complex 21-category scoring method. The concurrent validity and diagnostic sensitivity of the rescored test as a measure of limb apraxia were investigated in a reanalysis of the test protocols of 23 aphasic adults. Using the Limb Apraxia Test as the criterion measure, a Pearson r of .71 and predictive validity of 100% were obtained. These results encourage further investigation of the Kaufman Hand Movements test as an efficient measure of limb apraxia.

Adult↗