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PubMedDate not supplied

Diazepam and lorazepam for intravenous surgical premedication.

Diazepam, 10 and 20 mg, and 2 and 4 mg lorazepam were studied as intravenous surgical premedicants in 120 patients. Relief of anxiety, sedation, patient acceptance, lack of recall, and side effects were the variables evaluated. Both diazepam and lorazepam proved to be excellent surgical premedicants. The basic difference between the two drugs is temporal. Both medications produce similar relief of anxiety, sedation, patient acceptance, and lack of recall. The clinical effects of intravenous diazepam peaks in 2 to 3 minutes and diminishes thereafter. Intravenous lorazepam has a latent period of 8 to 15 minutes, with increasing effects at 15 to 30 minutes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

CSF concentrations and clinical effects following intravenous dixyrazine premedication.

Single concurrent plasma and lumbar spinal fluid samples were collected from twenty-two patients given IV dixyrazine 0.15 mg/kg, 10-106 min earlier in an open study. Dixyrazine penetrated rapidly into the spinal fluid; the CSF/P ratio was 0.3 by 10 min after drug administration and persisted at that level during the study period. The uncontrolled sedative and anxiolytic effects assessed by the patients were slight, and were correlated with the CSF drug concentrations only during the first 30 min after medication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Stability of an oral midazolam solution for premedication in paediatric patients.

The objectives of this study were to assess the stability of a 1 mg/ml oral midazolam solution elaborated by our Hospital Pharmacy Service, and to confirm its clinical effect in presurgical paediatric patients. The solution's stability was tested by determining its pH and its UV-visible absorption spectrum at room temperature for up to 60 days. A high performance liquid chromatography method was used to confirm it. There was no significant change in pH value of either the test or a control solution. No loss of midazolam could be detected during the test. The Anaesthesiology Service assessed the sedation quality (very good, good, bad) and the venous puncture response, 20 minutes after the administration of 0.3 mg/kg of an oral midazolam solution. Twenty children were examined (age: 4-7 years). In addition, the haemodynamic and ventilatory functions were evaluated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Oral midazolam and oral butorphanol premedication.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of oral midazolam and oral butorphanol for their sedative analgesic effects in children. METHODS: Sixty children, aged 2 to 10 yrs, of ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for surgical procedures of 1 to 2 hrs duration were randomized to one of the two groups. Group I: children received midazolam 0.5 mg/kg orally and Group II: children received butorphanol 0.2 mg/kg orally. Score of the children was assessed every 5 minutes till the induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirement was recorded along with postoperative recovery and complications. RESULTS: The groups were identical regarding the patient's characteristics, hemodynamic variables, duration of surgery and awakening time. Less time was required for the onset and time of maximum sedation in the butorphanol group (p<0.05). Sedation scores were similar among the groups at all time intervals, while the scores were higher in the butorphanol group at the time of induction (p<0.05). Less number of children required intraoperative and postoperative rescue analgesia in the butorphanol group (p<0.05). Statistically significant difference was found among the groups in respect to complete amnesia (50% in group I vs 80% I group II, p<0.05) and recollection (40% in group I vs 10% in group II, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral butorphanol is comparable to oral midazolam in children but analgesia along with sedation is an additional advantage which makes it better than midazolam without a significant increase in side effects.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Effect of premedication of coenzyme Q10 on pancreozymin-induced pancreatic secretion in rats.

Effect of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an essential coenzyme in oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, was studied in the rat's pancreas. A dose of pancreozymin (0.2 u/100 g body wt) was injected into the femoral vein at 20 min intervals. The initial injection produced a definite increase in amylase output and the pancreatic juice flow. Subsequent injections, however, caused smaller responses than the preceding (tachyphylaxis). When CoQ10 (3 mg/100 g body wt) had been administrated 1 hour prior to the initial stimulation, both the amylase output and the rate of juice flow were significantly enhanced: the tachyphylaxis almost disappeared. Effect of CoQ10 was also observed in the isolated and perfused pancreas. CoQ10 produced slight increase in pancreozymin-induced amylase output, but the increase was not significant. The effect of CoQ10, to increase the pancreatic blood flow, seems to be involved in the in situ effect of CoQ10 in cooperation with the direct effect on pancreatic acinar cells.

Amylases↗