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PubMed2001

Learning through community participation: immunization program at an elementary school.

Many universities are establishing programs to bring health professions students, faculty, and communities together to address the communities' needs using public health models and tools. Such partnerships provide students with the opportunity to put into practice what they learn in the classroom, work together in interdisciplinary teams, and provide communities with access to preventive care and health education. The authors describe the experience of the partnership developed between a Washington, D.C., elementary school and a group of students from the schools of medicine, nursing, and public health and health services of the George Washington University and George Mason University. Working with both an academic preceptor and a community preceptor, the students assessed the schoolchildren's immunization status; prepared informational packets for parents; and organized and conducted an immunization fair at the elementary school. The authors describe how the program was implemented, the results of the program, and lessons learned.

Child↗
PubMed1994

A career structure for general practice.

Training for general practitioners usually provides little experience in research, business management, or dealing with chronic disease. It is these areas that could provide scope for further training after becoming a general practitioner principal and provided career goals. Formally recognised research practices, perhaps with one partner coordinating research but all participating, and district research facilitators could increase both the quality and the quantity of research in general practice. Recognising the different skills of doctors in the partnership and referring patients to the most appropriate partner will improve care for patients as well as provide career development. Further training could be aimed at filling gaps in the practice's pool of skills. Good management skills are becoming more important as practice teams get bigger and fundholding spreads. Some doctors may wish to become full time or part time managers and the idea of accredited courses for management has been raised.

Accreditation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local public health system partnerships.

OBJECTIVES: Interorganizational collaboration aimed at community health improvement is an expectation of local public health systems. This study assessed the extent to which such collaboration occurred within one state (Wisconsin), described the characteristics of existing partnerships, and identified factors associated with partnership effectiveness. METHODS: In Stage 1, local health department (LHD) directors in Wisconsin were surveyed (93% response rate). In Stage 2, LHDs completed self-administered mailed surveys for each partnership identified in Stage 1 (85% response rate). Two-level hierarchical logit regression methods were used to model relationships between partnership and LHD variables and partnership outcomes. Data from 924 partnerships associated with 74 LHDs were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Partnerships most frequently addressed tobacco prevention and control, maternal and child health, emergency planning, community assessment and planning, and immunizations. Partnering was most frequent with other government agencies, hospitals, medical practices or clinics, community-based organizations, and schools. Partnership effectiveness was predicted by having a budget, having more partners contributing financially, having a broader array of organizations involved, and having been in existence for a longer period of time. A government mandate to start the partnership was inversely related to successful outcomes. Characteristics of LHDs did not predict partnership effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Financial support, having a broader array of partners, and allowing sufficient time for partnerships to succeed contribute to partnership effectiveness. Further study-using objective outcome measures-is needed to examine the effects of organizational and community characteristics on the effectiveness of local public health system partnerships.

Community Health Planning↗
PubMed2003

Design and evaluation of SchoolhealthLink, a Web-based health information resource.

SchoolhealthLink, a Web-based information service for Missouri school nurses, is a promising resource to reach school nurses isolated from traditional professional networks. It also may serve as an important adjunct to stay abreast of the latest health information. Using a strategy to identify the health information needs of school nurses and to test the site early in its development, this pilot study found school nurses reported SchoolhealthLink was an easy-to-use method to find high-quality, up-to-date information relevant to school nursing practice, was better than existing methods to access information, and could change the way they practiced. In order to continue to build SchoolhealthLink, a partnership with Barnes College of Nursing and the Missouri Association of School Nurses has been established to work together to continue to add health information resources useful to school nursing practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Enhancing the midwife-woman relationship through shared decision making and clinical guidelines.

The active and passive voice allocated to women within maternity service guidelines helps construct the nature of decision making. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that by allocating women an active voice within practice guidelines serves the interest of all parties within the health care relationship. Clinical guidelines were reviewed, and electronic databases and text were searched. The findings of this paper support that applying the principles of a shared decision making framework, within clinical practice guidelines, can assist the development of a partnership relationship between midwives and women.

Australia↗
PubMed2002

Negotiation-centred versus client-centred: which approach should be used?

For nearly 20 years, Canadian occupational therapists have attached great importance to the client-centred approach within their practice. Professionals have agreed to define this approach through a philosophy built around the concepts of respect, power and partnership. But no reported work has really clarified what is meant by these three fundamental concepts. This article attempts to define the concepts of respect and power in the therapist-client relationship through a review of occupational therapy and related health and social sciences literature. It raises the question: "In the professional-client relationship, should the power reside with the client or is a more balanced approach needed?" This paper also proposes using the term negotiation instead of partnership, since negotiation seems to offer more applications for occupational therapy practice. The objective of the authors who advocate for greater negotiation between client and therapist is to stimulate analysis.

Canada↗
PubMed2006

A review of evidence on the conceptual elements informing client-centred practice.

BACKGROUND: Client-centred practice is a central concept in occupational therapy in Canada. Since 1980, Canadian occupational therapy publications have discussed the elements of a client-centred practice approach. PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of key elements of a client-centred approach and to highlight the implications for practice that arise from this discussion. METHOD: Literature about client-centred practice in health care from 1990 - 2005 was reviewed regarding thoughts and ideas about client-centred practice. The content was analyzed for thematic focus about client-centred practice conceptual ideas and their influence on practice. RESULTS: Thematic conceptual elements emerging from the review include an overarching theme of power, with important underpinning themes of listening and communicating, partnership, choice, and hope. Selected definitions of client-centred practice and the link to best practice provide the context for the presentation of the concepts and recommendations for the implementation of client-centred practice. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The paper concludes with a discussion of practice implications through the presentation of questions for therapists to consider as a quick reference tool and suggestions for further research and dialogue concerning client-centred practice.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

The promotion of evidence-based occupational therapy practice in Canada.

Occupational therapists must utilize evidence in decision making in order to define approaches for occupational therapy service which attain optimal client outcomes, promote consistency, continuity and cost containment, and validate the role of occupational therapy to clients, payers and other health professionals. CAOT has undertaken many initiatives to teach the skills, provide the tools and facilitate the generation and dissemination of evidence required for evidence-based occupational therapy. CAOT recognizes the importance of working in partnership with other stakeholders involved in occupational therapy practice in Canada in order to successfully break down barriers to the integration of evidence in occupational therapy practice.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

The purpose and functions of immunization information systems within health care organizations.

Abroad coalition of public and private health care organizations advocate the development of computerized immunization information systems as a key national strategy for achieving and sustaining high immunization coverage levels. However, widespread adoption requires greater awareness of the purpose, functions, and value of an immunization information system within health care organizations. We propose that the purpose of an immunization information system is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of immunization-related practices and identify 9 potential functions that accomplish this purpose through improving patient care and practice management. When implementing an immunization information system within a practice setting, health care providers must consider technological and organizational issues. Health care providers should also look beyond their particular practice setting and establish public-private partnerships to create a system that links immunization data from all health care providers.

Health Personnel↗
PubMed1999

"God brought all these churches together": issues in developing religion-health partnerships in an Appalachian community.

This study explored health-related and organizational religious activities in an Appalachian community and identified cultural issues in the development of religion-health partnerships. Partnerships between religious groups and health providers are a channel for health promotion efforts to vulnerable populations and must be approached from the culture of the community. An ethnographic, exploratory study of health-related and organizational activities in nonmainline religious groups yielded the use of prayer requests, anointing, testimonial, and denominational links as potential health resources. Organizational decisions were by congregational consensus and theological interpretation. The communal setting of worship as an informal resource to a community of believers, especially the vulnerable, was a viable model for religion-health partnerships in central Appalachia. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research also are addressed.

Appalachian Region↗
PubMed1994

What should be next for nutrition education?

Nutrition education is a process by which we assist people in making decisions regarding their eating practices by applying knowledge from nutrition science about the relationship between diet and health. Multiple factors affect food choice, all of which must be assessed if effective educational approaches and nutrition messages are to be developed for all segments of the population. Research enhances practice; however practice must inform research and guide its direction. There is still a need to improve our understanding of the food decision-making process, as well as the processes in and influences on changing eating behavior. Research will need to be directed into many areas in the next decade and beyond. For example, the commonalities and differences between the different ethnic groups, income levels and literacy levels in the population demand attention. Innovative techniques for reaching diverse population groups and rural areas will need to be created. Nutrition education in the future will undoubtedly involve greater collaboration both within the USDA as well as between the USDA and other agencies. Research efforts will be enhanced as will the practice of nutrition education by greater collaborations, partnerships, and linkages.

Health Education↗
PubMed2006

Addressing disparities through coalition building: Alabama REACH 2010 lessons learned.

Community-based coalitions have become accepted vehicles for addressing complex health problems. Few articles have described the challenges and lessons learned from such a process. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: 1) to describe the processes involved in building and maintaining the REACH 2010 Alabama Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Coalition (ABCCCC) and 2) to highlight the lessons learned from this venture. Principles from community-based participatory research were used 1) to establish and maintain the ABCCCC, 2) to build coalition capacity, and 3) to develop breast and cervical cancer interventions. Over 95% of our coalition has been maintained over a 7-year period. The ABCCCC received a total of 17 breast and cervical cancer mini-grants. Adherence to ground rules such as exhibiting respect and trust and practicing open communication helped to solidify our partnership. Lessons learned from the ABCCCC can provide others with an in-depth exploration of the processes involved in coalition formation and maintenance.

Alabama↗
PubMed2000

The Surgeon General's report on America's oral health: opportunities for the dental profession.

BACKGROUND AND OVERVIEW: The release this year of "Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General"--the first such report on this topic in U.S. history--gives national visibility to the scope and breadth of oral health and disease in America. The report emphasizes oral health's inextricable link to general health and well-being. Although the country has seen major improvements in oral health, some population groups have yet to benefit from these improvements. To address health disparities and improve quality of life for all Americans, the surgeon general's report calls for the development of a National Oral Health Plan. CONCLUSIONS: "Oral Health in America" identifies opportunities for the dental profession on behalf of the nation's overall health. The profession is uniquely positioned to ensure that all components of the National Oral Health Plan are addressed: changing perceptions to ensure that oral health is seen as integral to general health; removing barriers to care; enhancing health infrastructure; accelerating the transfer of science into practice; and continuing to participate in private/public partnerships. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The report's findings highlight the importance of assessing patients' known risks of experiencing oral diseases and of educating patients about health-promoting behaviors. The integral role of oral health in general health, as described in the report, makes it imperative for health professionals to ensure appropriate referrals to practitioners in all areas of health care.

Dental Caries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Work-based learning: challenges and opportunities.

This article discusses some of the challenges and opportunities arising from the development and implementation of an innovative work-based open and distance learning programme available exclusively to healthcare assistants working in general health and mental health practice. The programme is based on a partnership between the sponsoring organisation and the Open University. The focus is on the development of standards of proficiency, service user involvement, partnership working, skills development and the pedagogic implications of a work-based learning format.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Partnership for excellence in asthma care: evidence-based disease management.

Partnership for Excellence in Asthma Care, a practical example of evidence-based disease management, was launched by Egleston Scottish Rite Children's Health Care System. The process of development and implementation of evidence-based practice guidelines for the outpatient management of asthma is described. Methods to influence physician practice patterns and the preparation of feedback reports are discussed. The method for measuring outcomes and preliminary outcome data are shared.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

What really works.

When it comes to improving business performance, managers have no shortage of tools and techniques to choose from. But what really works? What's critical, and what's optional? Two business professors and a former McKinsey consultant set out to answer those questions. In a ground-breaking, five-year study that involved more than 50 academics and consultants, the authors analyzed 200 management techniques as they were employed by 160 companies over ten years. Their findings at a high level? Business basics really matter. In this article, the authors outline the management practices that are imperative for sustained superior financial performance--their "4+2 formula" for business success. They provide examples of companies that achieved varying degrees of success depending on whether they applied the formula, and they suggest ways that other companies can achieve excellence. The 160 companies in their study--called the Evergreen Project--were divided into 40 quads, each comprising four companies in a narrowly defined industry. Based on its performance between 1986 and 1996, each company in each quad was classified as either a winner (for instance, Dollar General), a loser (Kmart), a climber (Target), or a tumbler (the Limited). Without exception, the companies that outperformed their industry peers excelled in what the authors call the four primary management practices: strategy, execution, culture, and structure. And they supplemented their great skill in those areas with a mastery of any two of four secondary management practices: talent, leadership, innovation, and mergers and partnerships. A company that consistently follows this 4+2 formula has a better than 90% chance of sustaining superior performance, according to the authors.

Benchmarking↗
PubMed2006

Valuing people: health visiting and people with learning disabilities.

People with a learning disability have spent decades being excluded from mainstream society and remain almost invisible in our communities, workplaces and in family life. As a result, the health of people with a learning disability is significantly poorer than that of the general population. Despite the many reports and policy recommendations about how to improve the situation, little has been done to address the social exclusion of this group, and their health and wellbeing continue to decline. In a joint effort to challenge exclusion and address the agenda of 'Valuing People: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21st Century', Warrington Primary Care Trust and Five Boroughs Partnership NHS Trust joined forces at a practical level. Two health visitors have developed a comprehensive programme of socially inclusive health care aimed at engaging people with learning disabilities more fully in their health care and their choices in leading healthy lives. The paper discusses Access All Areas--a comprehensive programme using a public health model of health care where people with learning disabilities are being supported to make healthy choices and, often for the first time, given information in accessible formats to support those choices. Led by health visitors, staff from all agencies involved in the care and support of people with learning disabilities are being trained and engaged in order to raise the standards across organisations and prioritise the health and wellbeing of this marginalised group. Health visitors are leading locally in the implementation of both health improvement and long-term condition strategies.

Child↗
PubMed1989

In-service education for home health aides by home health aides.

Gerontological nursing as an emerging specialty is now recognized by all professional nurses as a legitimate professional entity capable of governing the care of older adults through implementation of standards of care. The historical upgrading of care is now reaching its culmination in the newly revised document titled Scope and Standards of Gerontological Nursing as published in 1988 by the Council of Gerontological Nursing of the American Nurses Association. The utilization of these standards should continue to assist nurses in whatever facility they may practice to upgrade the care delivered through partnership with the older adult and their family to a high degree of satisfaction for the consumer and the gerontological nurse practitioner. Expanded knowledge, expertise in skill and care measured by the standards of care are key components in achieving success as a professional nurse and bring pride to the profession of nursing.

Aged↗