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PubMed2005

[Sexually transmitted diseases in Poland in 2003].

In 2003 year 982 cases of all forms of syphilis were notified in Poland; incidence 2.57 per 100 000 population. The largest number of cases was in mazowieckie (257), dolnoślaskie (124) and slaskie (131) voivodeships. The lowest was registered in kujawsko-pomorskie (13), opolskie (14) and swietokrzyskie (15) voivodeships. There were 446 recognized cases of early symptomatic syphilis and 13 cases of congenital syphilis. Latent syphilis (early and tarda) was diagnosed insufficiently due to decreased number of screening studies. In 2003 year there were 941 932 serum samples tested toward sexually transmitted diseases--it is 35% of the number of 1999 year. In 2003 year there were 670 cases of gonorrhoea notified; incidence 1.75 per 100 000 population. The lower number of venereal diseases notified in 2003 does not imply the actual smaller number of illness (cases). It suggests the less number of case reports. It is necessary to increase the budget assigned to diagnose and cost-free treatment of all venereal patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Human resources and activities in the occupational medicine service of Poland in 2003].

BACKGROUND: The presented paper shows the most essential data concerning the state of human resources and activities of occupational medicine services in Poland in 2003. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The reports (around 10 000) obtained from primary occupational medicine service units and regional occupational medicine centers (forms: MZ-35A and MZ-35) are the source of information about human resources and occupational medicine services activities. RESULTS: A majority of regional centers, due to their restructuring, have approached the legal and organizational model described in the Occupational Medicine Service Act. The assessment of activities of primary occupational medicine centres units, performed by regional occupational medicine centers, indicates the need for constant training of physicians authorized to perform prophylactic examinations of employees. CONCLUSIONS: The year 2003 did not witness any new significant changes in the structure of occupational medicine service. One can speak rather about the continuation of trends observed in previous years.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Could socio-economic transformation and the resulting psychological stress influence cancer risk in Opole province, Poland?

The paper presents the results of a risk assessment analysis of cancer morbidity in Opole province before and after a political transformation in Poland, i.e. in the 1985-1989 quinquennium and the following two equivalent periods of: 1990-1994 and 1995-1999. Measures of morbidity are given and its growth in males and females are compared with the ageing effect as well as with unemployment. In the paper a general conclusion has been drawn suggesting that the socio-economic transformation begun after 1989 and the resulting stress could have been the one of the possible background effects influencing the health status in the region. It must be accentuated, however, that the relation has not been a subject of statistical proving due to a methodological impossibility; a divagated question is offered for scientific concern and open discussion.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Current problems in psychiatric health care in Poland (2004)].

The paper is a presentation of the most important and actual psychiatric health care problems in Poland: the financial situation of hospitals, the risk faced by the out-patient psychiatric care and the ethical problems related to investigations of psychotropic drugs.

Forensic Psychiatry↗
PubMed2005

[Incidence of childhood leukemia in the Lublin region of Poland in 1988-2000].

UNLABELLED: Purpose of the work was the analysis of the number and structure of leukemia in children living in the Lublin Region of Poland. The study included the population of children aged 0-17 in the years 1988-2000. Among leukemias, according to the International Classification of Childhood Cancers, were counted: lymphoid leukemia, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, other specified and unspecified leukemias. Number of cases and incidence for the whole group as well as sex, age and descending (rural and urban) distribution of leukemias were calculated. RESULTS: 244 cases of leukemia were reported (152 boys--62.3% and 92 girls--37.7%). The most of children were from urban regions (139-57%). The mean morbidity rate was 29.9 per million (among boys--36.4/mln, girls--23.1/min). The highest morbidity was observed in years 1989-1990. After 1992 year vehemently decrease of morbidity was noted. Incidence fall with the age, the higher was found in the 0-4 years group (58.7/mln). The decreasing incidence was noted in following years of observation only among the youngest children, while the incidence in children 5-17 years was stable. The higher morbidity was observed among children living in urban regions than in rural ones (35.7/mln vs 24.6/mln) and the incidence in urban region decreased. CONCLUSIONS: In the Lublin Region lower percentage of leukemia was observed compared to the values determined for the country. Incidence of leukemia was falling, but the analysis in age-groups proved, that it was caused by the decreasing incidence in children under 5 year. The higher morbidity was noted in urban children than in rural ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An epidermal growth factor receptor intron 1 polymorphism in healthy women in Poland.

The frequency of CA allele combinations was assessed in healthy women from Poland and compared to previously published polymorphism data of individuals from Germany and a Caucasian reference group. There were close similarities between these three geographically and ethnically similar populations. By contrast, the distribution of these alleles in European and Asian (Japan) populations proved to be different. There might therefore be major ethnic differences in allelic frequencies of EGFR intron 1 polymorphism. Our results provide new data on EGFR microsatellite instability and may contribute to the understanding of EGFR gene expression regulation. The clinical relevance of these findings warrants further evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Seroepidemiological studies of Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in 1-36 months old children with respiratory tract infections and other diseases in Poland.

Presence of specific IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies against Chlamydia pneumoniae was evaluated in children aged 1 week to 36 months to investigate the role of C. pneumoniae in respiratory infections and other diseases. Serum samples were obtained from 150 hospitalized children, including 123 children presenting the clinical symptoms of various respiratory tract infections, two children with acute diarrhoea, two children with meningitis, 14 children with urinary tract infection, and 9 children with non-infectious diseases. Levels of specific C. pneumoniae IgM, IgG and IgA serum antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies were detected in 16 (13.0 %) of 123 children with respiratory tract infections. Specific IgG antibodies were found in sera of 11 children under 12 months old. Among 27 children without symptoms of a respiratory tract disease, specific C. pneumoniae IgM were found in two (7.4%) children, including one child with meningitis and another child with urinary tract infection. Specific IgA antibodies were not found in any tested child. All cases of C. pneumoniae infections were identified within two calendar years out of eight that were analyzed, i.e. in 1997 and 2000. The incidence of C. pneumoniae infections varied seasonally, with most children infected in autumn. C. pneumoniae IgM antibodies were detected more often in girls (17.9%) then in boys (7.2%). C. pneumoniae infections occur among small children in central Poland. The results of this study indicate that C. pneumoniae may play a role in the etiology of respiratory tract infections in infants and young children.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed2005

Intestinal macro- and microparasites of wolves (Canis lupus L.) from north-eastern Poland recovered by coprological study.

Wolf scats collected during ecological studies in Mazury lake district in NE Poland were analysed for intestinal micro- and macroparasites. Five nematode species were identified: Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859), Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884), Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789), Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) and Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902). Among cestode species there were identified infections with Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1785). The overall helminth prevalence was 63.5 % and average intensity was 15.4 +/- 8.0 eggs /1g of sample. The most prevalent parasite was T. vulpis (38.5 %) and the most abundant infections were by T. canis. Almost 55 % of samples (28/51) were positive for C. parvum oocysts and 46.7 % (14/30) for Giardia spp. cysts. The pack factor affected the distribution of some of macro- and microparasites. The identified parasite fauna of wolves in Mazury lake district consists of several micro- and macroparasites of interest for public health.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Regional differentiation of palm dermatoglyphs in rural population in Poland.

The study presents a comparison of the distribution of palm dermatoglyphs in the rural populations of different regions of Poland, namely, the Lublin region, the areas of Suwałki, Ostrołeka, and of the village of Gieblo. A comparison of the occurrence frequency of dermatoglyphs in the above-mentioned areas reveals statistically significant differences between particular patterns. The differences result from ethnic isolation and isolation of the communities caused by geographical barriers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2005

[Asessment of occupational exposure to lead in Poland].

The aim of the study was to assess the current occupational exposure to lead in Poland and to evaluate the competence of laboratories responsible for biological monitoring and analysis of health risks in workers exposed to lead. According to the current data, 26,500 workers are employed in 517 factories, including 1895 persons working under condition of exposure exceeding the Polish MAC level of 0.050 mg/m3. The biological monitoring analysis includes measurements of blood lead (Pb-B). Levels and concentrations of one of the markers of early health effect are carried out only in 22% (112) of plants, covering only 76% (20,300) of all workers. Of the 18 laboratories performing this kind of determinations, only 2 are granted the analytical laboratory accreditation certificate. The obtained data indicate that occupational exposure to lead is still a problem in Polish industry. The proportion (76%) of the workers covered with biological monitoring analysis show that neither the recommendations laid down in the decree of 1996 issued by the Minister of Health and Social Welfare, and reinforced by the Minister of Health in 2004, nor the EU directive (98/24/EC) is universally observed. Both these documents provide for that Pb-B determinations in employees occupationally exposed to lead are compulsory. The competences of the majority of analytical laboratories are not sufficient to evaluate biological monitoring analysis in workers occupationally exposed to lead. They have not yet adopted the obligatory Polish versions of European standards of the quality assurance set in PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025. The Minister of Health issued another decree, dated 20 April 2005, according to which from 1 January 2008 every analytical laboratory will have to possess accreditation.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Virulotypes of Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Poland].

Bacillus anthracis--the causative agent of anthrax--possesses several virulence genes located in the chromosome as well as in two B. anthracis virulence plasmids: pXO1 and pXO2. In the presented study, we determined occurrence of six virulence markers located in the virulence plasmids (capA, capB, capC, pagA, lef and cya) for capsule and toxin production together with virulence-associated gene gerXA and chromosomal gene sap, which are responsible for germination and S-layer biosynthesis respectively. Fourteen strains of B. anthracis isolated in Poland and belonging to five different MLVA genotypes were analyzed by PCR for presence of the aforementioned genes. Two virulotypes were found in tested strains. The only variation was absence of capA, capB and capC due to a lack of pXO2.

Bacillus anthracis↗
PubMed2006

Results of severe sepsis treatment program using recombinant human activated protein C in Poland.

BACKGROUND: Recombinant human activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa [activated]--DAA) demonstrated in Phase III controlled clinical studies significant reduction of mortality in patients with severe sepsis and high risk of death. The aim of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of DAA in patients included in the National Severe Sepsis Register in Poland. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis included 3233 cases of severe sepsis reported between 04.2003 and 11.2005. 302 patients (9.3%) were treated with DAA. The clinical course of the disease in DAA and non-DAA treatment groups was compared. Logistic regression models for the effects of independent variables on the risk of death (dependent variable) were developed. RESULTS: In the patients treated with DAA, the relative risk of death was lower by 31% than in those who were not treated. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the use of DAA was, independently of the patient's age, severity of the clinical condition and type of organ dysfunction, the most significant mortality-reducing factor in severe sepsis. CONCLUSIONS: The use of DAA in the treatment of severe sepsis proved to be a very effective method of mortality reduction. Controlled nationwide surveillance program contributed to its effective utilization. The National Severe Sepsis Register proved to be a very useful instrument for assessment of the course of the disease and treatment efficacy.

APACHE↗
PubMed2005

Differentiated pattern of protein composition of crystalline inclusions of newly isolated Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Silesia in Poland.

Protein profiles of crystal delta-endotoxins were determined in twenty nine Bacillus thuringiensis strains-soil and phylloplane isolates--from Poland. Electrophoretic analysis revealed quantatively and qualitatively different patterns of delta-endotoxin crystal preparations of these B. thuringiensis strains. The crystalline parasporal inclusions of B. thuringiensis isolates were composed of two, three, four or five proteins. Molecular weights of these polypeptides varied from 23.4 kDa to 142 kDa. There is lack of correlation between serovars of B. thuringiensis strains, the morphology of crystals and the number and size of proteins in parasporal inclusions.

Bacillus thuringiensis↗
PubMed2005

[Epidemiology of viral hepatitis cases, types B and C, transmitted from carriers--health service workers to patients. Is it still a"no problem" issue in Poland].

This paper presents current epidemiological data on transmissions of HBV and HCV from infected health care workers to patients. In view of the increasing risk of those transmissions, in many countries, relevant legal regulations have been adopted to limit occupational activity of infected health care workers. In Poland, there is a real risk of such accidents (especially regarding HCV). Therefore, this problem should also be regulated by law in our country.

Carrier State↗
PubMed2005

First two successful unrelated donor bone marrow transplantations for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria in Poland.

OBJECTIVES: The experience with bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from matched unrelated donors (MUD) for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is limited and optimal preparative regimen has been not established. METHODS: We report first two MUD BMTs for patients with PNH in Poland. Preparative regimen consisted of Treosulfan, Fludarabine and Thymoglobulin. We also present the review of published reports on allogeneic transplantations for PNH and discuss important transplant-related issues. RESULTS: Both patients are alive and are doing well over 12 and over 4 months following BMT. Regeneration is complete with full 100% donor chimerism and the eradication of PNH clone. CONCLUSIONS: MUD BMT is an effective treatment for PNH. Treosulfan, Fludarabine and Thymoglobulin treatment can be safely and effectively used for conditioning in PNH.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mortality from malignant neoplasms among workers of an asbestos processing plant in Poland: results of prolonged observation.

OBJECTIVES: The study on mortality from cancer among workers of an asbestos plant manufacturing asbestos yarn, cloth, cords, packings, stuffing, brake linings and asbestos-rubber sheets was launched in the 1980s. The present paper discusses the results of further tracing of asbestos workers of the same plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study cohort covered 4497 workers employed at the asbestos plant in 1945-1980. The follow-up of the cohort continued until 31 December 1999. Deaths by causes were analyzed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) calculated by the person-years method. The mortality pattern of the general population of Poland was used as reference. RESULTS: The availability of the cohort was 93.1% (2805 men and 1382 women were traced). Mortality from malignant neoplasms in total (281 deaths among men, SMR = 118, 95%CI: 105-133 and 135 deaths among women, SMR = 159, 95%CI: 133-188) as well as that from lung cancer (102 deaths among men, SMR = 126, 95%CI: 103-153 and 18 deaths among women, SMR = 259, 95%CI: 153-409) were significantly higher than in the general population. Unlike earlier stages of analysis, the present study revealed an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma (2 deaths among men, SMR = 510, 95%CI: 62-1842 and 3 deaths among women, SMR = 2033, 95%CI: 419-5941). Mortality analysis among workers with asbestosis and in those without diagnosed asbestosis, did not reveal direct association between the risk of asbestos-induced lung cancer and previously diagnosed asbestosis. CONCLUSIONS: The prolonged cohort tracing showed an increased risk of asbestos-related cancers. It concerned mainly workers hired by the plant between 1945-1955, when the working condition were most strenuous.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Identification of health hazards to rural population living near pesticide dump sites in Poland.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present project was to assess population exposure to pesticides in the vicinity of pesticide dump sites and make a preliminary evaluation of the potential health hazards to humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 286 pesticide dump sites registered in Poland, 40 were selected as the largest source of ecological hazard. The application of the Hazard Ranking System made it possible to identify 17 priority dump sites where pesticide wastes are deposited. For population exposure assessment, two dump sites located close to the residence area and drinking water intakes were selected as potentially most hazardous to health. They have a piezometric system installation that enables ground water sampling for analysis. RESULTS: In water samples collected from the water-bearing layer in areas adjacent to pesticide dump site, 31 different pesticides in total have been detected (15 organochlorine pesticides, 10 organophosphorous pesticides and 6 phenoxyacids), 12 of which - dichlorvos, mevinphos, endosulfan, dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, methoxychlor, 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPP--had concentration levels higher than the detection limit. The estimated size of the potentially exposed population approximates 900 inhabitants; 33% of this population are children (aged 0-14 years) and women at reproductive age (aged 15-45 years). Both these target populations are considered particularly susceptible to the adverse health effects of pesticides. Assessment of population exposure to pesticides (p,p'-DDT - 0.15 microg/l; p,p'-DDD - 0.13 microg/1; MCPP - 12.3 microg/l; MCPA - 0.64 microg/l; methoxychlor - 0.31 microg/l; 2,4'-D - 5.4 microg/l) with concentration levels higher than the drinking water standard (0.1 microg/1) was based on pesticide daily intake in drinking water. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated a low cancer risk (R = 10(-8)) for people drinking water contaminated with p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDD as well as low non-cancer risk related to MCPA, MCPP and methoxychlor exposure. At one of the dump sites examined, the level of population exposure to 2,4'-D implies possible hematopoietic, nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects as well as reproductive disorders.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2006

Sequence of deltaF508 CFTR allele identified at present is lacking in medieval specimens from Central Poland. Preliminary results.

deltaF508 is the most common (70%) among over 1000 mutations of the gene encoding ATP-regulated chloride channel, namely CFTR--cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. The time which passed from the calculated mutation event was anticipated on the basis of the frequency of contemporary haplotypes, but not on its direct identification. The presence of three base pairs deletion in the ancient DNA (aDNA) isolated from skeletal remains of the Middle Ages origin was investigated. Teeth excavated in the area of three sites located in Central Poland were processed for a DNA. 6 out of 82 samples did not produce amplificable fragments of DNA. Although the number of specimens analyzed was sufficient to confirm the presence of the rare mutation, the deltaF508 CFTR sequence was not found in the remains of individuals living back 35 - 45 generations. The absence of the mutated allele in the particular geographic region cannot state for the status of mutated allele throughout the country, especially at times when migrations were limited and movements of people were more area restricted than at present days.

Adult↗