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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

DNase I interactions with filaments of skeletal muscles.

DNase I-actin interactions were studied by electron microscopy and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electron micrographs of glycerinated avian pectoralis major muscle fibres treated with 1 mg ml-1 DNase I demonstrated that the Z-lattice was destroyed. The axial filaments of the Z-lattice were still present but were thinner and less ordered than those of control fibres. The small diameter cross-connecting filaments of the Z-lattice were not present in DNase I treated muscle fibres. Treatment with DNase I had the same effect on fast avian skeletal muscles and fast and slow rat skeletal muscles suggesting that the effect was not muscle type or species dependent. The effect of DNase I could be abolished by lowering the DNase I concentration (0.1 mg ml-1 or less). Preincubation of DNase I with purified skeletal muscle actin also abolished the effect of the DNase I. Analysis of the extracts obtained during DNase I treatment by gel electrophoresis demonstrated that substantial quantities of DNase I did not remain associated with the myofibrils. Two proteins, one with an apparent molecular weight of 43 kDa which reacted with an actin antibody and another with an apparent molecular weight of 95 kDa which did not react with an alpha-actinin antibody, were observed in the DNase I extracts. These data suggest that DNase I interacts with protein(s) in the Z-lattice and this interaction causes the subsequent release of actin and other Z-band proteins.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of the lower motor neuron integrity of upper extremity muscles in high level spinal cord injury.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the lower motor neuron (LMN) integrity of upper extremity muscles of persons with high tetraplegia (C1-C4) in order to determine muscles available for stimulation. METHODS: Fourteen subjects (23 arms) were evaluated for LMN integrity. Muscles that elicited a functional response (grade 3 or better) to surface electrical stimulation were considered to have intact LMN and good candidates for FES. Strength-duration (S-D) curves were generated on muscles that showed weak (less than grade 3) or no response to surface stimulation. Muscles were considered denervated if S-D curves were discontinuous or depicted steep, increasing amplitude for pulse durations greater than 1 m. RESULTS: Muscles for grasp and release had intact LMN in 19 of 23 (83%) arms. The wrist extensors and flexors and pronator were excitable in 17 (74%), 20 (87%) and 19 (83%) arms, respectively. The supinator demonstrated LMN lesion in 80% of the arms. Over 90% of the biceps muscles were unresponsive to electrical stimulation and 85% and 87% of the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles, respectively, were not electrically excitable. The latissimus dorsi and triceps muscles were typically innervated (78% and 91%, respectively) and slightly more than half (52%) of the pectoralis major muscles were excitable. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that application of FES in high tetraplegia for hand and arm function would require augmentation because of the inability to stimulate the elbow flexors, deltoid and rotator cuff muscles. These data also show that several paralyzed proximal muscles with intact LMN that have been historically transferred to address shoulder paralysis in other patient populations are available for transfer and stimulation in the population with high level spinal injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Immediate breast reconstruction using an external oblique rectus musculofascial turnover flap.

The development of the external oblique rectus musculofascial turnover flap has recently received a great deal of attention. With this method, the upper part of the external oblique muscle is lifted off the lower thoracic wall along with a segment of the rectus muscle, pedicled in the sixth intercostal space and subsequently connected with the lower margin of the pectoralis major muscle. This approach bridges the weak regions of the thin muscle layers in the medioinferior breast area. Because this procedure avoids the need for a second operation to restore the contour and enables production of a natural ptosis and a well-accentuated lower breast fold, it has become increasingly important in immediate breast reconstruction. Compared with the complex myocutaneous flaps techniques, this procedure is characterized by relative simplicity and ease of performance. Compared with the tissue expansion technique, the oblique rectus turnover flap allows restoration of the female form in a one-stage procedure with a better, more natural ptotic breast shape and well-defined inframammary crease. Results have been encouraging. In fact, this procedure has almost completely replaced other techniques for immediate reconstruction of the female breast following mastectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of argon, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in a broiler killing system.

Argon, CO2, and N2 gasses were each evaluated in a broiler chicken gas killing system. Birds were killed by individual exposure to one of the three gasses for 2 min in a flow-through system. The gasses were evaluated by determining the time, in seconds, for the following responses: first reaction to the gas, loss of posture, eye closure, initiation of death struggle, and cessation of respiration. Percentage blood loss over a 3-min bleed time was determined by weight loss. Breast muscle pH values were determined at 15 min and 24 h post-mortem on the Pectoralis major muscle. Carbon dioxide resulted in the earliest first reaction, loss of posture, eye closure, and initiation of struggle. Argon and N2 exhibited a delayed first reaction, a less severe early reaction, but a more severe unconscious death struggle. All birds died in approximately 75 s. Results indicate that the flow-through gas system takes longer to kill broilers than the immersion systems previously reported. Gas killing resulted in lower (P < .05) blood loss. Initial breast muscle pH values were significantly highest for the birds killed with CO2, followed by the control treatment, which was significantly higher than the values for broilers killed with either Ar or N2. After 24 h of chilling, there were no differences in broiler breast muscle pH among the four treatments. These results indicated that a flow-through gassing chamber may be a feasible, although slower, method of performing gas killing as compared to an immersion system.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1975

The histopathology of fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chicks.

Studies of the general histopathology of the fatty liver and kidney syndrome in chickens have shown abnormal accumulations of the lipid in a variety of organs but no degenerative or inflammatory reactions. Lipid was found in some skeletal muscles, alimentary tract, autonomic ganglia, central nervous system and pineal gland as well as in the liver, kidney and heart. Small amounts of lipid were sometimes seen in the exocrine pancreas, adrenal medulla and epithelium of the thyroid follicles. Lipid deposits in the liver were primarily associated with the hepatic structural unit. The glycogen content of the hepatic cell was reduced. The lipid-metabolising gastrocnemius muscle contained abnormal amounts of lipid but this did not apply to the carbohydrate-metabolising pectoralis major muscle. The thymus did not contain excessive lipid but was significantly smaller in affected than in control birds of similar ages. There was loss of tinctorial distinction between the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland associated with decreased basophilia of the latter region. Many of these morphological changes can be correlated with previously reported biochemical findings and they are discussed in relation to the hyperlipaemia and hypoglycaemia which characterise the disease.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1987

[Replacement of the upper arm flexor muscles by m. latissimus dorsi in partial paralysis of the arm plexus].

Different methods of muscle transfer are described for restoration of elbow flexion. The most important procedures are: Proximal transposition of the origin of forearm flexor muscles to the distal humeral shaft as described by Steindler, transfer of the triceps muscle to the flexor side of the upper arm, and biceps-replacement by transfer of pectoralis major muscle. Besides these methods transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle to the flexor side of the upper arm provides good restitution of elbow flexion. In case of concurrent non-functioning shoulder muscles a shoulder arthrodesis performed as a second intervention is useful. The combination of a shoulder-arthrodesis and a latissimus-dorsi-transfer are demonstrated in a typical case.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The surgical and oncologic significance of the axillary arch during axillary lymphadenectomy.

An uncommon and often-overlooked anatomic variation of the latissimus dorsi muscle is the axillary arch. It is formed by an anomalous slip of the muscle that arises from the body of the latissimus dorsi but then inserts along with the pectoralis major muscle anterior to the axillary vein and neurovascular bundle. If an axillary arch is encountered during axillary lymphadenectomy, the lymph nodes posterior and lateral to the arch should be excised. Experience with a number of cases is used to consider local therapeutic and staging factors.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Bilateral variant origin of pectoralis major.

The variable origin of muscles is not uncommon though the complete or partial absence of the clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle is rare. This paper deals with bilateral partial absence of clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle. The clavicular head was arising only in the middle of medial half of the clavicle and was separated from sternocostal head by a gap of 2.5cm and laterally from the origin of deltoid from clavicle by a gap of 2.5cm. Nerve supply of this muscle was from lateral and medial pectoral nerves as usual. The partial absence of the clavicular head of pectoralis major muscle becomes important in cases of reconstructive surgery as this head is required to cover the lateral acromioclavicular defect and in cases of established facial paralysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Histopathological changes in green muscle disease of turkeys.

In this study, results of histopathological investigations of meat samples collected from turkeys with macroscopically recognized green muscle disease were compared with those obtained from turkeys without macroscopic signs of this syndrome. The histopathological lesions were assessed based upon the self-designed 7-grade scale of the intensity of changes. The greatest intensity of the histopathological alterations were found in the smaller pectoral muscle collected from turkeys in which macroscopical signs of the green muscle disease were observed. Similar changes were also found in the greater pectoral muscle, however, they were less intense than those determined in the smaller pectoral muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Histological confirmation of healing of gastrobronchial fistula using a muscle flap.

We report a case of gastrobronchial fistula that developed after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer. The fistula was repaired successfully by transposing a pectoralis major muscle flap. Complete healing was confirmed histologically by epithelialization of the fistula site and at autopsy 12 months after surgery. Muscle flap transposition effectively repairs gastrobronchial fistula.

Aged↗