Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Ownership”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

National survey of community residential facilities: a profile of facilities and residents in 1977.

In 1977, a national mail survey of all community residential facilities (CRFs) for mentally retarded persons throughout the United States was conducted by the staff of the Developmental Disabilities Project on Residential Services and Community Adjustment at the University of Minnesota. The results of 4,427 participating facilities were summarized in this report. Demographic information on facility size, location, ownership, and reimbursement rates was presented as well as general characteristics about the residents and their movement trends. The impact of the deinstitutionalization movement for mentally retarded persons was substantially verified by the results of this survey: between 1973 and 1977, the number of CRFs doubled. Wide variations in facility size and the extent to which states use community living arrangements to serve mentally retarded people were two notable trends confirmed by the survey results.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trends in cesarean section rates for the United States, 1970--78.

With National Hospital Discharge Survey data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics as a basis, rates of cesarean section deliveries were computed for the United States and its regions for 1970 through 1978. For each year and within each region, trends were examined according to variations in the mother's color, age, and marital status and in the hospital size (number of beds), the form of hospital ownership, and the length of the mother's hospital stay. Within each region and for each variable considered, cesarean section deliveries rose fairly uniformly. Nationally, C-sections comprised 5.5 percent of all deliveries in 1970, but rose steadily to comprise 15.2 percent of all deliveries in 1978. Overall, 1978 rates were highest in the Northeast, among whites, among women age 30 and over, among married women, in hospitals with 500 beds or more, and in proprietary hospitals. The mean length of the mother's hospital stay in 1978 was 6.7 days for cesarean section deliveries and 3.2 days for other deliveries, down from the mean hospital stay of 7.8 days for C-sections and 3.9 days for other deliveries observed in 1970.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Ethical aspects of banking placental blood for transplantation.

Transplantation of blood cells harvested from the umbilical cord immediately after birth has been effective in repopulating the bone marrow. These placental blood transplantations may be safer than conventional bone marrow transplantations and may suspend the need to harvest bone marrow, a process fraught with difficulties. Further understanding and advancement of this emerging technology require developing large banks of placental blood. In this article, we examine some of the ethical issues associated with placental blood banking, including (1) questions about ownership of the tissue, (2) the necessity and nature of obtaining informed consent from parents for harvesting placental blood and the information-gathering process associated with it, (3) obligations to notify parents and children of the results of medical testing for infectious diseases and genetic information, (4) matters of privacy and confidentiality related to such information, and (5) the need for fair and equitable harvesting of and access to placental blood.

Blood Banks↗
PubMed1994

The production of dialysis by for-profit versus not-for-profit freestanding renal dialysis facilities.

OBJECTIVE: A study was conducted to determine whether for-profit and not-for-profit freestanding renal dialysis facilities differ with respect to efficiency in the production of dialysis treatments. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING: National data on 1,224 Medicare-certified freestanding dialysis facilities were obtained from the Health Care Financing Administration's (HCFA) 1990 Independent Renal Dialysis Facility Cost Report. Data on Medicare patients receiving care at these facilities during 1990 were obtained from HCFA's End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Program Management and Medical Information System (PMMIS). STUDY DESIGN: Ordinary least squares regression (OLS) was used to estimate the association between monthly output of dialysis treatments in 1990 and (a) facility capital and labor inputs, (b) facility ownership characteristics, and (c) case-mix characteristics. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Facility and patient level data were extracted from the Facility Cost Report and the PMMIS databases, respectively. Patient level data were aggregated by facility and merged with facility level data. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: For-profit sole proprietorships, for-profit partnerships and for-profit corporations each produced significantly more dialysis treatments per month than not-for-profits, adjusting for quantities of resource inputs and case-mix characteristics. CONCLUSION: For-profit facilities appear to be more efficient producers of dialysis treatments than not-for-profits. Further study should address whether other factors such as differences in severity of disease or in quality of care are responsible for these observations.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1994

Endoscopic ambulatory surgery centers and the corporate partner.

The number of practice-based endoscopic ambulatory endoscopy centers has increased dramatically in the last 5 years as gastroenterologists have recognized the advantages of these centers both for their practice and their patients. A new trend of joining with a corporate partner in ownership of the center is emerging. Such a partnership has clear benefit for physicians, their practice, their patients, and the corporation. Many existing and most forming practice-based endoscopy centers are giving serious consideration to these physician/corporate partnerships. Reasons to consider such a partnership, as well as the risks, are discussed.

Certification↗
PubMed1993

I am the NRA: an analysis of a national random sample of gun owners.

Data from a national random sample of gun owners (N = 605) were used to determine whether members of the National Rifle Association (NRA) are a representative sample of all gun owners and how well the NRA's lobbying positions on gun control reflect the views of its membership and of nonmember gun owners. No obvious demographic distinctions were identified between member and nonmember gun owners, but handgun owners (odds ratio [OR], 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 2.39) and individuals who owned six or more guns as opposed to just one gun (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.10) were more likely to belong to the NRA. Nonmembers were more supportive of specific proposals to regulate gun ownership (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.91), but a majority of both member and nonmember gun owners favored a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun (77% and 89%, respectively) and mandatory registration of handguns (59% and 75%).

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Source of acquisition as a risk factor for disease and death in pups.

Data were obtained and analyzed for 2,144 pups examined at 65 veterinary hospitals in the northeastern United States to determine whether there were significant differences in the frequency of disease and death among pups acquired from private owners, Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/pounds, breeders, or pet stores. All health problems reported by owners and veterinarians in the first 2 weeks of ownership were tabulated. The prevalence of serious disease among pups (resulting in death, euthanasia, return, or extensive treatment) was < 4% for all sources and did not differ significantly between pet stores and other sources. Pups from pet stores had more respiratory tract disease, but fewer fleas and parasites of the intestinal tract. Data supplied by the veterinarians indicated that the risk of intestinal tract diseases was significantly (P < or = 0.01) higher among pups from pet stores and Societies for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals/pounds, compared with those from private owners. The prevalence of reported behavioral and congenital problems did not differ among the 4 sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Uncompensated hospital care payment and access for the uninsured: evidence from New Jersey.

OBJECTIVE: We assess the impacts of New Jersey's payment for hospital uncompensated care on access for the uninsured. DATA SOURCES: Uncompensated care charges and other data were obtained from audited reports maintained by the New Jersey State Department of Health. Other data sources include the AHA Annual Survey and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The sample includes 80 of 88 acute care hospitals in the state for 1979 to 1987. STUDY DESIGN: This study used a pre- and postdesign to assess the impacts of the introduction of uncompensated care payment. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses were used. Key variables include hospital ownership and teaching characteristics; the labor force composition; and the level of government funding for public health insurance. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The overall level of uncompensated hospital care increased markedly in New Jersey during the period 1979 through 1987. However, this trend can be attributed to variables other than the new payment system, including increased demand for uncompensated care. The program did result in a more even distribution of uncompensated care across hospitals. The financial condition of hospitals providing the largest share of this care also improved, ensuring continued access. CONCLUSIONS: Funding of uncompensated care via hospital payment regulation did not increase its overall provision. However, improved access was achieved as opportunities for the uninsured to receive care were made more widely available.

Financial Management, Hospital↗
PubMed1993

Rights to gametes, zygotes and embryos in storage.

In this article the issue of whether one may claim 'ownership' to genetic material and embryos in storage is considered. For this purpose the legal position in some representative jurisdictions, such as the United States of America, France, Australia and Great Britain, is examined. Finally, the present legal situation in South Africa is examined. It is concluded that the extent and nature of the rights to gametes, zygotes and embryos in storage are at present largely uncertain. Court decisions in representative jurisdictions also fail to provide uniform answers. It is concluded that a clear distinction should be made between rights to gametes on the one hand and rights to ygotes or embryos on the other. In the latter, fusion of gametes has occurred and the sperm and eggs are no longer separate entities. It is recommended that the interests of the parties, the storage facility and the embryo can best be protected by a written agreement. This document should contain clear provisions for a considerable change in circumstances, for instance death, divorce or the impossibility of completion of the process.

Australia↗
PubMed1994

Miscellaneous legal issues affecting integrated delivery systems, foundations, and management services organizations.

This chapter addresses some of those legal issues that uniquely affect the formation or operations of an integrated delivery system (IDS), a foundation, or a management services organization (MSO), but which are not discussed in any other chapters. This chapter gives special insight and guidance on issues such as licensing, credentialing and peer review, employee benefit plans, prohibitions against physician self-referrals, and the rules on disclosure of ownership and control.

Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed1994

Union election activity in the health care industry.

The health care industry in the United States has undergone many changes in recent years. One problem facing employers in this industry is the threat of unionization. The article examines union election activity since 1980 in hospitals, nursing homes, and other types of health care employers. Variance in the union victory rate was found over time and across the different sectors of the industry, types of employees involved, union involved, and sizes of the bargaining unit. The effects of geographic location and type of ownership are investigated. Decertification elections are also examined.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health care corporatization and the employment conditions of nurses.

There has been little study of the impact of the recent transition of ownership of hospitals and nursing homes, from voluntary and public to corporate, on the employment of nursing staffs. Non-state or non-federally owned hospitals and nursing homes in Florida were examined with regard to salaries, benefits, career advancement opportunities, and vacancy and turnover rates of the nursing staff. While salary levels were influenced primarily by local wage markets, significant differences were found in the benefit packages, career opportunities, staffing ratios, and vacancy and turnover rates among for-profit, not-for-profit, and publicly-owned facilities. Nurse administrators of corporate hospitals and nursing homes can lower the costs of high turnover rates in their nursing staffs by exploring improvements in benefit plans and career opportunities offered to their employees.

Employment↗
PubMed1993

Smoking policies of licensed child day-care centers in the United States.

The authors analyzed data from a national survey of 2003 directors of licensed child day-care centers to determine employee smoking policies, measure compliance with state and local employee smoking regulations for child day-care centers and state clean indoor air laws, and to estimate the extent of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in these settings. Forty states regulated employee smoking in child day-care centers, but only three states required day-care centers to be smoke-free indoors. More than 99% of licensed child day-care centers had employee smoking policies that complied with the appropriate state or local smoking regulations. Nearly 55% of centers were smoke-free indoors and outdoors, and 26% were smoke-free indoors only. The best predictors of more stringent employee smoking policies were location in the West or South, smaller size, independent ownership, or having written smoking policies. Despite the presence of strong smoking policies at the majority of licensed child day-care centers, more than 752,000 children in the United States are at risk for environmental tobacco smoke exposure in these settings. Health care professionals and parents should insist that child day-care centers be smoke-free indoors and, preferably, smoke-free indoors and outdoors.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1993

Balancing complex choices. Integrating strategic, financial plans will test tomorrow's health networks.

Juggling capital needs and resource allocation is a formidable task for any health care executive. But what lies ahead poses an even greater challenge: achieving strategic integration in multiprovider health networks. The complexity of determining how best to allocate financial resources while addressing the competing requests of network members is the foremost reason why experts say that common ownership is critical to the operational and financial success of provider networks.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMed1993

Choice of hospital for delivery: a comparison of high-risk and low-risk women.

OBJECTIVE: This article tests whether or not the factors that affect hospital choice differ for selected subgroups of the population. DATA SOURCES: 1985 California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) discharge abstracts and hospital financial data were used. STUDY DESIGN: Models for hospital choice were estimated using McFadden's conditional logit model. Separate models were estimated for high-risk and low-risk patients, and for high-risk and low-risk women covered either by private insurance or by California Medicaid. The model included independent variables to control for quality, price, ownership, and distance to the hospital. DATA EXTRACTION: Data covered all maternal deliveries in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1985 (N = 61,436). ICD-9 codes were used to classify patients as high-risk or low-risk. The expected payment code on the discharge abstract was used to identify insurance status. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The results strongly reject the hypothesis that high-risk and low-risk women have the same choice process. Hospital quality tended to be more important for high-risk than low-risk women. These results also reject the hypothesis that factors influencing choice of hospital are the same for women covered by private insurance as for those covered by Medicaid. Further, high-risk women covered by Medicaid were less likely than high-risk women covered by private insurance to deliver in hospitals with newborn intensive care units. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the choice factors vary across several broadly defined subgroups of patients with a specific condition. Thus, estimates aggregating all patients may be misleading. Specifically, such estimates will understate actual patient response to quality of care indicators, since patient sensitivity to quality of care varies with the patients' risk status.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1995

Trends in managed care contracting among U.S. hospitals.

This article describes the changing profile of hospitals initiating managed care contracts as of 1992. Based on statistical tests, early contractors rank higher on profitability, case mix, bed size, affiliation, and urban location. In contrast, recent and noncontractors are predominantly rural, freestanding hospitals with low case mix, low profitability, high subacute services, and government ownership. A number of lessons for the future are drawn and a stage-by-stage approach to studying managed care issues is proposed.

Academic Medical Centers↗