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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Reaction strains on the condylar neck during mastication and maximum muscle stimulation in different condylar positions: an experimental study in the miniature pig.

Most researchers agree that the primate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is loaded compressively during function and that condylar position must play a role in mediating such loads. However, the precise nature of that role remains unclear. Using a pig model in this study, we attempted to analyze strain on the neck of the condyle during normal mastication and during simulated function in different condylar positions. Miniature three-element rosette strain gauges were bonded to the lateral surface of the condylar neck in 4 female miniature pigs (one per condyle). Measurements of strain were made during normal mastication and with the pigs under general anesthesia during maximum stimulation of the masseter and temporalis muscles in each of five condylar positions--centric occlusion, centric relation, anterior, relaxed and wide open--established through use of acrylic splints. Condylar position was evaluated by superimposition of lateral and dorsoventral cephalograms, with measurement of horizontal and vertical changes in location of implants placed on the zygomatic arch. As in primates, the TMJ was found to be load-bearing during mastication, with compressive strain oriented approximately perpendicular to the occlusal plane. In 3 pigs, strain was higher during balancing than during working function. During stimulation, the TMJ reaction strains were significantly lower with the condyles in the anterior position compared with the other positions, and the compressive strain was directed more anteriorly along the neck of the condyle in that position.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1975

An analysis of stress distribution in the free-end saddles on the mandibular model.

This experiment was designed to investigate and evaluate the characteristic behavior of mandibular free-end saddle removable partial denture using various retainers. The abutment tooth displacement and saddle movement were measured while a known vertical force was applied on the saddle. Fifteen different types of free-end saddle dentures were tested, using four various types of prefabricated attachments. Strain-measuring devices were used to measure the extent of abutment tooth displacement and saddle movement. The findings were as follows: 1) The force transmitted to the abutment tooth and the residual ridge were affected by (a) the selection of direct retainers, (b) splinting of abutment teeth, and use of indirect retainers, and (c) the variation in size and shape of the occlusal table on the saddle. 2) The influences by direct retainers a) With use of a resilient joint, the stress was heavily loaded on the residual ridge directly under the direction of force. b) With the joint incorporating the vertical rock-preventing device, a heavy proportion of lateral force was transmitted to the abutment tooth. 3) Both the lateral stress on the abutment tooth and movement of the saddle were reduced more effectively by use of indirect retainers than by splinting of abutment teeth. 4) By reduction of the occlusal area in bucco-lingual dimension, the denture saddle was better stabilized and the lateral stress on the abutment tooth was reduced effectively.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1985

Pathologic attrition and maximal bite force.

The maximal bite force was recorded between antagonizing anterior teeth in a group (n = 10) of patients with pathologic attrition and in a control group. No statistically significant difference between the maximal bite forces was recorded. Also, the effect on the maximal bite force of the continuous wearing of a partial bite raising splint for 4 months was recorded. The great individuality in reaction patterns prohibited simple generalizations. However, in some individuals the maximal bite force was larger when biting on the splint than without, both at base line and after 4 months. Also, the maximal bite force showed a tendency to increase with time. The findings indicate that pathologic attrition is not necessarily associated with a high maximal bite force. Also, the maximal bite force recorded under various conditions is seemingly not an absolute value but rather the result of a number of factors of varying importance for different individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Intracoronal incisal splint.

An intracoronal incisal splint for the stabilization of mobile anterior teeth is described. Advantages of the technique are good esthetics, open embrasures and no disturbance of occlusion.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1990

[Slip casting: design and processing].

With the "In-Ceram" system ceramic constructions are made without any metallic support. The cosmetic ceramic (Vitadur N) is reinforced by an aluminous oxide framework made with a bio-ceramic containing 85% aluminium. The nature of this bio-ceramic and its use provide the originality of this procedure. In order to make this framework, a replica in special porous plaster is made based on the working model. This replica is plunged into a "barbotine" (aluminous oxide grains in suspension in water) which is deposited on the surface. After modeling this paste with a brush, the totality is dehydrated and brought to 1, 100 degrees C for 2 h without. This still fragile calcination is infiltrated by coloured glass. This second thermal treatment is carried out, after dehydration, at 1,080 degrees for 2 to 4 h, still vacuum. The second heating allows the calcination to become coloured and fill in the porosities. The conventional feldspar ceramic is then placed onto this very resistant (more than 580 MPa flexural strength) and exceptionally well adapted framework. This procedure is remarkable regarding the marginal adaptation, the quality of the aesthetic result, its biocompatibility and its ease in positioning. Moreover, the minimal thickness of the aluminium coping is 4/10 mm on the lingual and 3/10 mm for other sides, which therefore do not require any more laboratory work than what is required for making a ceramo-metallic crown. Clinical follow-up over four years allows it to be stated that the mechanical and aesthetic qualities of the procedure permit the making of: single anterior and posterior units which can be made splinted; anterior maxillary small bridges (3 or 4 units) under normal occlusal conditions; posterior small bridges, under favourable occlusal conditions.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed1976

Osseous surgery--how much need we compromise?

It is essential that the execution and results of osseous surgery be carefully analyzed. Perhaps the two most compelling reasons are (1) that we should understand the effects on tooth mobility and their implications for complex restorative dentistry, and (2) to facilitate the accurate assessment of postoperative "success," bearing in mind not only improvement of the environment, but also increased chances of survival for the operated teeth. We have discussed the effects of osseous surgery on tooth mobility. In the light of recent information, a more accurate assessment of the need for splinting can be made. There has always been some controversy about osseous recontouring. Of late, there has been a particular resurgence of scepticism as to the efficacy of osseous resective procedures compared with more conservative forms of therapy. Scientific investigation demands the doubting mind and the analytical approach in order to establish the truth or fallacy of current ideas. This approach is essential to the continued existence of periodontics as a clinical science. These investigations should be based on a full understanding of the therapeutic measures being investigated, as it is misleading to assess the results of a procedure when that procedure is either not used to its full advantage or inappropriately used. It is hoped that these comments will be helpful in deciding whether definitive osseous correction in a given case is desirable or possible, in terms of both bone removal and permanent splinting. The author also hopes that this article has served to enhance the possibilities of more complete osseous correction when indicated, in order to achieve minimal pocket depths, and to permit proper comparison with other modes of periodontal therapy. It is, however, crucial to realize that whatever modality of therapy utilized, it is merely one phase in the treatment spectrum. Maintaining a stable state for the patient over many years is the ultimate goal, beside which any given technical procedure pales in significance. Periodontal therapy is an ongoing process in which patient recall plays a central role.

Alveolectomy↗
PubMed1999

Anterior esthetic considerations when splinting teeth.

There are many techniques for stabilizing and splinting teeth. No matter which restorative technique is chosen, the technical elements of marginal fit, psychologic contour, cleansibility, and occlusion must be met. When the restoration is in the esthetic zone of the oral cavity, there is an additional element of achieving an acceptable cosmetic result. This article presents an overview of concepts to achieve acceptable esthetic results when teeth are joined together.

Cuspid↗
PubMed1989

[Case report of orthodontic approach to temporomandibular disorders].

The purpose of the present article is to describe a case in which malocclusion patient accompanied with temporomandibular disorders was treated with the fixed appliance and Gnathological Tooth Positioner. Patient, a girl aged 16 years 9 months, had a skeletal Class III malocclusion with mandibular protrusion and anterior edge to edge bite. Centric Relation Splint was made to alleviate the acute symptoms and Gnathological Tooth positioner at the finishing stage of fixed appliance was applied to achieve the functional occlusion. After 12 months of active treatment, the patient gained a normal overbite-overjet relationship. Observation after 2 years out of retention revealed a stable occlusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A splint for immediate surgical orthognathic fixation and release during orthodontic treatment.

A splint has been designed for surgical use during the course of orthodontic treatment. The two-piece splint is ligated directly to the orthodontic arch wires. Surgically, the splint has the advantage of saving operative time, of ensuring precise location rapidly in all three planes, and allowing immediate release and replacement. Orthodontically, the splints allow a shorter preoperative phase of orthodontics, with the orthodontic treatment being completed postoperatively to ensure precise tooth positions and functional occlusion.

Dental Occlusion↗
PubMed2003

Immediate occlusal loading for fixed prostheses in implant dentistry.

The majority of clinical reports reveal similar survival rates between immediate-loaded and 2-stage-unloaded healing approaches in the completely edentulous patient. In our prospective study, 31 arches received immediate-loaded restorations in 30 patients, supported by 244 implants. All implants were followed a minimum of 2 years after prosthesis delivery to as long as 6 years. The implant and final prosthesis survival were 100% during this time frame. Nonetheless, these findings do not imply a submerged surgical approach is no longer necessary or prudent in many cases. Future studies may find indications based upon surgical, host, implant, and occlusal-related conditions more beneficial for one versus the other. The strength of bone and the modulus of elasticity are both directly related to bone density. The softest bone type may be 10 times weaker than the most dense types. The microstrain mismatch of titanium and the softest bone is much greater than with the densest bone. As a consequence, higher implant failure and greater crestal bone loss seem likely but as yet has not been reported in the literature. A biomechanical treatment approach to increase surface area and decrease forces applied to the immediate restorations is logical to increase implant survival. Conditions that decrease strain to a developing interface include increasing implant number, implant size, and implant thread number and depth. Patient factors such as parafunction may increase forces to the implant interface, while implant position may be used to decrease forces, especially when a splinted arch form is created. Tables 3 and 4 list guidelines for immediate occlusal loading. As a general principle, the clinical should be able to increase surface area while minimizing occlusal force to ensure long-term success.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1985

Diagnostically restoring a reduced occlusal vertical dimension without permanently altering the existing dentures.

The technique described provides the dentist with a means of diagnostically restoring the vertical dimension of occlusion for an edentulous patient, without permanently altering the dentures. This procedure is accomplished with a removable mandibular splint, which snaps over the mandibular denture. The procedure involves little clinical treatment time. The maxillary denture may also be temporarily overlayed in a similar manner, but the procedure is generally not as esthetically acceptable. Since the mandibular alveolar bone resorbs much faster than that of the maxillae in most edentulous patients, the mandibular denture usually is responsible for most of the loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The mandibular denture is therefore most frequently indicated for alteration to restore lost occlusal vertical dimension. Medicolegal implications, as well as practical considerations, suggest that the patient's present dentures should not be permanently altered before new dentures are found to be satisfactory.

Dental Impression Technique↗
PubMed1986

Toxic shock syndrome after nasal surgery. Case reports and analysis of risk factors.

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) occurs most often in menstruating women who use tampons. It also occurs following surgical procedures. The occurrence of three cases after nasal surgery prompted us to determine the incidence of this complication and to evaluate possible risk factors. Our cases showed that onset of TSS after surgery is rapid. Early symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, erythroderma, and hypotension. The wound does not appear grossly infected. Incidence of TSS after nasal surgery during 1980 through 1983 was 16.5 per 100,000, higher than the incidence in women of menstrual age. Splints were used more frequently in patients who developed TSS than in patients who did not. Nasal packing was used in all patients with TSS and in 98% of all patients. Topical or systemic antibiotics did not have a demonstrable protective effect.

Adult↗