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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Adjuvant chemotherapy with VM 26 and CCNU after operation and radiotherapy of high-grade supratentorial astrocytomas.

Thirty-one patients with histologically proven malignant (Grade III and IV) astrocytomas were randomly placed in one of two treatment schedules two weeks after gross total or subtotal tumor removal. One group (15 patients) received radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with VM 26 and CCNU once every four weeks, commencing four weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. The second group (16 patients) received radiotherapy alone. The duration of the progression-free interval from operation to recurrence was measured to evaluate the effect of the adjuvant chemotherapy. The median free interval calculated by the computer analysis according to the method of Kaplan and Meier was 65.5 weeks for the chemotherapy group and 40.0 weeks for the control group. The difference is not statistically significant. From our experience, adjuvant chemotherapy should only be given to patients with residual or progressive tumors following radiation therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Single-agent and combination chemotherapy for extensive non-small cell carcinomas of the lung.

One hundred and twenty-four patients with extensive bronchogenic carcinoma were randomized to one of three chemotherapeutic regimens. Forty-one patients received cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) (group 1); 47 patients received cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) and CCNU (70 mg/m2 every 6 weeks) (group 2); and 36 patients received cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks), CCNU (70 mg/m2 every 6 weeks), and doxorubicin (40 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) (group 3). The objective response rates were 5%, 8%, and 6% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P greater than or equal to 0.3). Median survival times were 20.5 months (group 1), 17.8 months (group 2), and 18.8 months (group 3). There was no significant difference in median survival between groups (P greater than or equal to 0.4). Responders in each group survived longer than nonresponders. Hematologic toxic effects were severe in group 3 and moderate in group 2. Since combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and CCNU is not superior to cyclophosphamide as a single agent and is associated with greater toxicity, these combinations are not recommended as therapy for extensive bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: CCNU and doxorubicin compared to CCNU, doxorubicin, vincristine, and procarbazine.

Forty consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated. The first 18 patients were treated with CCNU and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) (CA). The next 22 patients were treated with CCNU, doxorubicin, procarbazine, and vincristine (CAPO). Patient characteristics were similar. The partial plus complete response rate was 55% (ten of 18 patients) in the CA group compared to 41% (nine of 22 patients) in the CAPO group. The median survival from treatment was 28 weeks in the CA group compared to 33 weeks in the CAPO group. There were no drug-related deaths among the patients receiving CA compared to two definite and three probably drug-related deaths among the patients receiving CAPO. The addition of procarbazine and vincristine to CA for the treatment of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma resulted in increased toxicity and no survival benefit.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant gliomas in adult. Interest of immediate radiotherapy in the combined protocols : chemotherapy (VM26-CCNU), radiotherapy. A cooperative study on 137 cases (author's transl)].

The results of a multicentric study of three combined therapeutic protocols for malignant gliomas are reported. The goal was the evaluation of "Delayed" versus "Immediate" Radiotherapy. All patients were operated on, the radiotherapy was 5 800 rad. whole brain. The drugs used were : Day 1 - Day 2 Epipodophylotoxine 60 mg/m2/day. Day 3 - Day 4 CCNU 60 mg/m2/day. The mean survival times were : "total" surgery versus "partial" surgery: "total" group : 52 cases - mean survival : 44 weeks ; "partial" group : 60 cases - mean survival : 48 weeks : 1) protocol A : surgery + chemotherapy alone : 60 patients/34 weeks ; 2) protocol B : surgery + radiotherapy + chemotherapy :22 patients/43 weeks ; 3) protocol C : surgery + chemotherapy 4 cycles + radiotherapy + chemotherapy : 51 patients/71 weeks. The percentage of survivors at 12 months was Prot. A : 57% - Prot. B : 32% - Prot. C : 70%. These results are in favor of "Delayed" radiotherapy. They are statistically significant, and prompt us to pursue such a trial for getting confirmation upon numerically broader groups of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Malignant gliomas treated by combination chemotherapy and delayed radiation therapy (author's transl)].

The authors present the therapeutical results of two clinical and histological homogeneous series of malignant gliomas. The first group includes 46 patients operated upon and treated successively by chemotherapy associating VM26 and CCNU, a conventional delayed radiotherapy 6 months after surgery and again chemotherapy. In this group, the mean survival is 17 months and 46% of patients were surviving at 18 months. The second group includes 28 patients operated upon and treated with the same associated chemotherapy without radiation therapy. The mean survival was 11 months and 24% of patients were surviving at 18 months. The comparison of results shows that after surgery, the association of a chemotherapy and delayed radiotherapy is more efficient than chemotherapy alone. However, the systematic study of nervous system tolerance to irradiation post-chemotherapy suggests that, in some cases, the chemotherapy is able of increasing the pathogenic effect of irradiation on the brain.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interest of glioma 26 in the selected chemotherapy of intracranial tumors (author's transl)].

Glioma 26 (G26) is a chemically induced ependymoblastoma of mouse. It was used through sub-cutaneous and/or intracranial injection in 7 experiences which showed that this experimental model was able to select drugs acting on intracranial tumors : nitrosourea (CCNU), VM 26, procarbazine (PCB). Combination chemotherapy (VM 26-CCNU ; VM 26 CCNU-PCB) was more active than monochemotherapy in 2 out of 3 experiences. It seems that the variability of the results is at least partly due to the important tumoral necrosis in tumors treated by combination chemotherapy and to technical problems. The latters can be avoided by the mechanical dispersion of tumor cells and by their injection through a stereotaxic frame. Selection of drugs is easier and cheaper to perform with G 26 than with other in vivo and in vitro experimental models. The main problem for all models remains their lack of specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Chemotherapy versus chemoimmunotherapy of head and neck cancer: report of a randomized study.

Thirty-four patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized to receive the five-drug chemotherapy regimen BACON (bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU, vincristine [Oncovin], and mechlorethamine [nitrogen mustard]; 14 patients) or the same regimen plus bacillus Calmette-Gu erin (BCG) by scarification (20 patients). The majority of both patient groups had received prior surgery and radiation. The patients treated with BACON plus BCG experienced a significantly longer survival (P = 0.014) than those treated with BACON alone. There were five drug-related deaths, and eight other patients required hospitalization for treatment of drug-related morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Modern problems of clinical chemotherapy of malignant tumours.

The paper reports on a trial in which nitrosomethylurea (NMU) was compared with CCNU both in combination with vincristine and dactinomycin or the same combination with DTIC in the treatment of disseminated skin melanoma. The long-term results were statistically better in the groups with NMU than in that with CCNU while there was no statistical difference regarding the complete regression. A second trial compared NMU with CCNU in the treatment of small cell carcinoma in a regimen of combined chemo-radiotherapy. No statistical difference was to be noticed in regard to objective response and median live duration. In comparison with regimens including adriamycin the study showed an equal effectiveness of the two drugs. A third part deals with carminomycin therapy in metastatic soft tissue sarcomas and with the preventive role of postoperative 5-fluorouracil in gastric carcinoma and colo-rectal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Methotrexate in the chemotherapy of lung cancer.

Methotrexate (MTX) is an active agent in both non-small cell and small cell anaplastic lung cancer. A 26% partial response rate was obtained in 27 previously untreated patients with squamous cell bronchogenic tumors treated with 24-hour infusions of MTX at 400 mg/m2. Responses were seen predominantly in extrathoracic sites. In 38 evaluable patients with small cell carcinomas, 24-hour infusions of MTX at 200 mg/m2 in combination with cyclophosphamide and CCNU produced a 43% complete remission (CR) rate for a median survival of 62 weeks. Fifty-six percent of the CR's were seen in patients with extensive disease.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Combination chemotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung: continuous versus alternating non-cross-resistant combinations.

After stratification for extent of small cell lung cancer, 109 patients were randomized to receive cycles of chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and VP-16-213 [CAVP16 (regimen I)] or to receive CAVP16 to maximum response (minimum of three courses) and then chemotherapy with CCNU, methotrexate, vincristine, and procarbazine (COMP) alternating with CAVP16 (regimen II). A group of patients who achieved complete remission were randomized to receive whole-brain irradiation or to have observation only. Of the 44 patients with limited disease, 28 (64%) achieved a complete remission and 11 (26%) achieved a partial remission. Of the 65 patients with extensive disease, 26 (40%) achieved a complete remission and 28 (46%) achieved a partial remission. There were no significant differences between the regimens in response or survival. The projected median survival times are 14 and 10 months for limited and extensive disease, respectively. Nearly 30% of patients with limited disease will be 2-year, disease-free survivors. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to receive cranial irradiation or observation only; none of the 15 irradiated patients developed cerebral metastases, but five of 14 randomized to observation relapsed in the brain (P = 0.02). One patient died with necropsy evidence of only intracranial disease. The principal hematologic toxic effect was leukopenia. There were 31 febrile episodes (21 infectious) during neutropenia and four toxic deaths. Nonhematologic toxicity was mild. Cranial irradiation in patients who achieve complete remission delays or reduces the incidence of CNS metastases. Although alternating chemotherapy is not beneficial, combination chemotherapy with CAVP16 alone is highly effective treatment modality for small cell.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Prevention of recurrence of small-cell lung cancer by adjuvant polychemotherapy (author's transl)].

No significant further improvement can be awaited in the results of purely surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoma. As from 1969--after preliminary studies--patients with bronchial carcinoma were treated by radical surgery and subsequently assigned within the framework of a randomized cooperative study, to a three-year course of intermittent high-dose polychemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, MTX and Velbe). A comparison according to the life-table method of the death rate of patients with small-cell bronchial carcinoma treated by combined polychemotherapy after surgery vis-à-vis those who received no polychemotherapy shows a rise of about 15% in the 4-year survival rate. This clear-cut improvement in survival rate emphasizes the fact that the radical operation is also indicated in these tumour forms and that the results of high-dose polychemotherapy are improved with this particular combination. With a view to confirmation and further improvement, a large international working group was established and has already submitted initial positive results concerning the applicability of a new alternating chemotherapeutic schedule. It is pointed out that the initial impetus towards undertaking such studies was given by Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wolfgang Denk already in 1954 and that the consistent continuation of this combined inter-disciplinary approach to the therapy of bronchial carcinoma is founded on his scientific foresight and organisational achievements.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1982

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in the therapy of small cell carcinoma of the lung.

Ten patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung were entered into a chemotherapeutic treatment program consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. Two courses of combination chemotherapy were administered to each patient followed by a third course with the same doses of drugs used on Course 2 but with autologous bone marrow transplantation given 24 to 48 hr after drug infusion. No differences could be detected between Courses 2 and 3 in terms of the magnitude, timing, or degree of myelosuppression. Serial bone marrow biopsies documented a progressive decline in granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units in culture per mg bone marrow medullary core from 138 +/- 179 (S.D.) prior to chemotherapy to 7 +/- 11 after the marrow transplant recovery (p = 0.05). These data suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation does not reduce the myelosuppression seen following the drugs used in this study at the dosages used. Autologous bone marrow transplantation may be useful only in the setting of marrow lethal therapy. Its usefulness in shortening recovery time from nonlethal therapy appears questionable.

Antineoplastic Agents↗