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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Vagal nerve stimulation in epileptic encephalopathies.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) in children with epileptic encephalopathies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All children receiving VNS during a 2-year period at our center were studied prospectively for changes in seizure frequency, electroencephalogram (EEG), adaptive behavior, quality of life, and where appropriate, verbal/nonverbal performance. Assessments were made before and for at least 1 year after implant. RESULTS: Sixteen children were studied. One device was removed because of infection. Of the remaining 15 children, 4 had a >50% reduction and 2 had a >50% increase in seizure frequency at 1 year after implant. Median reduction in seizure frequency was 17%. There was no trend toward improvement of the EEG or adaptive behavior. Quality of life was unchanged in most areas, except in perceived treatment side effects and general behavior that were improved. In 6 children undergoing further assessment, there was a significant improvement in verbal performance; this did not correlate with reduction in seizure frequency. CONCLUSION: VNS did not significantly improve seizure frequency, severity, adaptive behavior, or the EEG during the first year of treatment for the group as a whole, although 4 children (27%) had a worthwhile reduction in seizure frequency. There were significant improvements in perceived treatment side effects and general behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Auditory evoked potentials in individuals over 50 years].

BACKGROUND: auditory evoked potentials. AIM: to describe the results of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (PEATE), middle latency auditory evoked potentials (PEAML) and cognitive potential (P300) in individuals over 50 years. METHOD: this study was developed at the Speech and Hearing Investigation Laboratory in Auditory Evoked Potentials of the Speech-Language and Hearing Course of the Department of Physiotherapy, Speech-language and Hearing Sciences and Occupational Therapy of FMUSP. Twenty four subjects (45 ears) were evaluated through PEATE and P300, and only 18 of these subjects (36 ears) were evaluated through PEAML. All subjects had ages between 51 and 74 years and were divided in three groups: GI (50-59 years), GII (60-69 years) and GIII (70-79 years). All subjects presented either normal hearing or neurossensorial hearing loss of a moderate-severe level in the PEATE, and of a moderate level in the PEAML and in the P300. The frequency range evaluated in the PEATE and in the PEAML varied from 3000 to 6000Hz, while in the P300 it varied from 1000 to 1500Hz. For the statistical analyses of the data, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Mann-Whitney test and the two proportion equality test were used. RESULTS: significant statistical differences were simultaneously observed between the groups for the interpeak I-V in the PEATE and for the Na wave latency in the PEAML - in the PEATE the difference was caused by GIII and in the PEAML it was caused by GI. A statistically significant difference between the groups was observed for the latency of the P300 component. Considerable alterations were also found regarding the quality of the responses of the auditory evoked potentials, indicating a strong correlation between the deterioration of the responses and the increase in age. CONCLUSION: the aging process of the auditory system progressively affects the auditory pathways throughout the brainstem and temporal lobe.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

Team acceptance of specific recommendations for the treatment of VPI as provided by speech pathologists.

This retrospective study describes the frequency of one team's acceptance of speech pathologists' recommendations for specific secondary treatment procedures for the correction of VPI for 100 consecutive patients. In addition, assessment was made of the level of success in eliminating VPI relative to treatments utilized that were recommended by speech pathologists versus level of success when treatment other than that recommended by speech pathologists were used. For the 78 patients who received the treatment procedure recommended by speech pathologists, only 10 percent continued to demonstrate any clinically significant residual speech problem associated with VPI. However, for the 22 patients who received treatment other than that which had been recommended, 32 percent continued to demonstrate clinically significant speech problems associated with VPI. Data is presented on the success rate for correcting VPI relative to specific treatment recommendations including pharyngeal flap, palatal pushback, pharyngeal wall implant, tonsillectomy, prosthetic palatal lifts, and speech therapy.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spanish translation of the role checklist.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to create a Spanish version of the Role Checklist that is content valid and reliable and to demonstrate usefulness of a translation method. METHOD: A modified version of the translation method of Hachey, Jumoorty, and Mercier was used to translate the English Role Checklist into Spanish. The English and Spanish versions were then evaluated for test-retest reliability at a 2-week interval, using 14 bilingual college students. RESULTS: The intralanguage correlation was .907 for Part I and .798 for Part II. CONCLUSION: A content valid and reliable Spanish version of the Role Checklist was created, using replicable translation methods.

Communication Barriers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reliability and validity of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)--Revised for Chinese preschoolers.

OBJECTIVE: The reliability and validity of the Test of Visual-Perceptual Skills (Non-Motor)-Revised (TVPS-R) were examined for its usefulness on Hong Kong Chinese preschoolers. METHOD: Content validity was evaluated by six experts. Test-retest reliability, construct validity, and criterion validity were examined on 66 typically developing preschoolers while concurrent validity was examined on these preschoolers plus 52 preschoolers with visual-perception difficulties. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was high for the total score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] =.88), but not for all subtests (ICC ranged .38 to .77) or for individual items (mean kappa = 0.32). The standard error of measurement (SEM; 1.53) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .90) were satisfactory. Evidence supporting the test's validity included a significant developmental trend (F = 4.99, p < .001), a lack of gender bias (F = .04, p = .84), and positive known-group differentiation (Wilks's lambda = 52.42, p < .001). The correlation between the Motor-Free Visual-Perceptual Test-Revised composite score and the TVPS-R composite was moderate at r = .60. CONCLUSIONS: When based on the total scores, the TVPS-R was reliable and valid. The use of subtest scores and item scores for decision making or treatment planning is not recommended.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Orthophony].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Australian speech pathologists' views of what professional practices lead to successful outcomes of therapy.

The relative importance attributed to factors perceived by speech pathologists as contributing to successful levels of therapeutic outcomes were addressed in a survey of 372 practicing therapists in Australia. The survey consisted of 42 items derived from interviews with a sample of ten speech pathologists in Sydney. Therapists were asked to rate the importance of each item on a seven-point scale ranging from "not at all important" to "critically important." The findings indicate that the most important ingredients of successful therapy incorporate a mix of support and therapeutic activity outside the clinic; the clinicians' organizational skills and involvement in conducting therapy and their use of techniques; the positive therapeutic relationship between clinician and client; and, finally, the client's attitude to therapy. These findings suggest that speech pathologists, like other allied health professionals, endorse a humanistic or holistic approach to health care. The results provide insights into the practices that should be addressed and fostered in undergraduate speech pathology programs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social anxiety in patients with social phobia: validation of the Liebowitz social anxiety scale: the French version].

The Liebowitz's Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) (Liebowitz, 1987) is a rating scale of fear and avoidance in social interaction (12 items) and performance-oriented situations (12 items). This paper present the study of empirical and concurrent validation of the LSAS. Ninety-six patients suffering from social phobia according to DSM IV were included and compared with 64 non-clinical control subjects. Both patients and controls were divided into two sub-groups: the LSAS passation by hetero-evaluation or auto-evaluation. Social phobics had much higher scores on anxiety and avoidance of the LSAS than control subjects, whatever the method. There were no differencies between hetero and auto-evaluation in both groups of patients and non-clinical subjects, either on anxiety or on avoidance. The LSAS correlated better with social anxiety and negative cognition in social situations than with anxiety-depression in social phobics. The French version of the LSAS showed a good empirical and concurrent validity and the scale presents a good sensitivity to change after cognitive behavioral therapy in social phobics.

Adult↗