Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “LACTIC ACID”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Electrospinning of nano/micro scale poly(L-lactic acid) aligned fibers and their potential in neural tissue engineering.

Efficacy of aligned poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) nano/micro fibrous scaffolds for neural tissue engineering is described and their performance with random PLLA scaffolds is compared as well in this study. Perfectly aligned PLLA fibrous scaffolds were fabricated by an electrospinning technique under optimum condition and the diameter of the electrospun fibers can easily be tailored by adjusting the concentration of polymer solution. As the structure of PLLA scaffold was intended for neural tissue engineering, its suitability was evaluated in vitro using neural stem cells (NSCs) as a model cell line. Cell morphology, differentiation and neurite outgrowth were studied by various microscopic techniques. The results show that the direction of NSC elongation and its neurite outgrowth is parallel to the direction of PLLA fibers for aligned scaffolds. No significant changes were observed on the cell orientation with respect to the fiber diameters. However, the rate of NSC differentiation was higher for PLLA nanofibers than that of micro fibers and it was independent of the fiber alignment. Based on the experimental results, the aligned nanofibrous PLLA scaffold could be used as a potential cell carrier in neural tissue engineering.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Lactic acid accumulation in cardiac patients performing circuit weight training: implications for exercise prescription.

OBJECTIVE: Because blood lactic acid (LA) levels may be important in prescribing exercise for cardiac patients, this study documented the LA response to four different circuit weight training (CWT) protocols and compared these responses to both maximal treadmill and LA threshold values. DESIGN: Intervention study following a crossover trial design. SETTING: A phase III community-based setting. PATIENTS: All subjects had documented cardiac disease and were volunteers. INTERVENTIONS: We used 40% and 60% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) for six exercises and 30 or 60sec of rest between each station, resulting in four protocols, performed in random order. A discontinuous treadmill test was conducted, and the LA threshold was determined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main dependent variable was LA after each CWT protocol. RESULTS: No signs or symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular distress during any of the four CWT protocols were reported. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the LA threshold value was significantly less than all four CWT protocols (p < .05). The CWT responses were also compared with the traditional LA threshold value of 4.0mmol/L, and both 60% protocols were significantly elevated (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Because no positive signs or symptoms were reported, we recommend starting stable cardiac patients on a CWT program with an initial load between 40% and 60% 1-RM and allowing at least 60sec of rest between exercises.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The rate of change of pH of lactic acid exposed to glass-ionomer dental cements.

The rate of change of pH of aqueous lactic acid at pH 4.2-4.5 (i.e. a little below that of active caries in vivo) in contact with disks of various commercial glass-ionomer cements has been determined in two configurations. In the first of them, a thin film set-up, 20 microl of solution was spread across the surface of a cement disk (diameter: 13 mm), and its pH determined by pressing a flat-ended electrode against the film at varying time intervals. In the second, a similar disk was immersed in 1.5 ml of solution, removed after varying time intervals, after which the pH of the solution was measured using a round-ended electrode. The latter measurement was more reliable, in that the pH electrode had time to equilibrate, whereas the former was more realistic because the film was approximately the same thickness as that of saliva on a tooth surface. Both series of experiments showed measurable differences in pH after only 30 s, with the thin-film configuration showing a range of pH changes of 0.5-1.2 units depending on the cement and the small volume configuration showing a range of 0.1-0.5 units, also depending on the cement. After 10 min, in the small volume experiments, the pH had generally increased further. The extent and speed of the change in pH led to the conclusion that ability of glass-ionomers to increase pH is likely to be an important mechanism of caries protection under clinical conditions.

Glass Ionomer Cements↗
PubMed2000

Anti-Listeria effect of enterocin A, produced by cheese-isolated Enterococcus faecium EFM01, relative to other bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria.

Enterocin A produced by Enterococcus faecium EFM01 displayed a narrow antimicrobial spectrum, mainly directed against Listeria spp. In particular, the bacteriocin was extremely active against 13 Listeria monocytogenes strains. This high specificity of action of enterocin A for Listeria spp. relative to lactic acid bacteria, together with its broad range of activity from pH 4.0 to pH 9.0, are factors which may be of great interest with respect to the potential antilisterial use of this bacteriocin in fermented foods. Assessment of the effect of enterocin A concentration on the extent and kinetics of bactericidal activity on L. monocytogenes Lm 6 (107 cfu ml-1 in culture broth), suggested that viability losses of higher than 5 log10, and time intervals necessary for maximum loss of viability of less than 2 h, could not be obtained. Moreover, it was shown that both parameters are closely dependent on the Listeria strain used. On the other hand, at concentrations inducing destruction of approximately 2 log10 cycles, maximum loss of viability was achieved within time intervals which varied widely from one lactic acid bacteria bacteriocin to another.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microencapsulation using poly(DL-lactic acid). I: Effect of preparative variables on the microcapsule characteristics and release kinetics.

Poly(DL-lactic acid) (DL-PLA, molecular weight 20,500) microcapsules containing phenobarbitone (PB) as a reference core were prepared using a water/oil (W/O) emulsion system. Surface morphology, particle size and 'encapsulation efficiency' of the microcapsules prepared using different preparative variables have been investigated. Buffer pH 9 was used as a dissolution medium to determine the affect of preparative variables on the release rate from these microcapsules. With an increase in temperature of evaporation the microcapsule surface became increasingly irregular and porous, due to deposition of phenobarbitone crystals near the vicinity of the microcapsule surface leading to rapid release of the core. The normalized release rate was found to increase exponentially with an increase in the temperature of evaporation. Microcapsule morphology was also severely affected due to differences in polymer concentration in the disperse phase solvent. With the increase in polymer concentration, the microcapsule surface was found to be increasingly irregular and non-continuous, due to rapid precipitation of the polymer. Increased polymer concentrations also increased mean microcapsule diameter. The release rate increased with the increase in polymer concentration due to surface defects and did not exhibit a straight line correlation. When core loading was very high (e.g. C:P, 2:1 and 1:1), crystals of phenobarbitone appeared at the surface and these caused a very rapid burst effect. However, microcapsules containing a lower phenobarbitone content were found to follow t1/2 dependent release. The encapsulation efficiency was not seriously affected due to variations in temperature of preparation and polymer concentration. However, with the decrease in initial core loading the encapsulation efficiency of microcapsules was found to be reduced.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2006

Long-term absorption of poly-L-lactic Acid interference screws.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the long term in vivo degradation of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) interference screws with computed tomography (CT) and radiography as used in patellar tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. METHODS: A total of 20 patients who had undergone patellar tendon autograft ACL reconstruction fixed with PLLA screws at least 7 years earlier were evaluated by physical examination, radiography, and CT to determine whether PLLA screw reabsorption and bone ingrowth had occurred. This study was granted Institutional Review Board approval. Lysholm, Tegner, Cincinnati, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were obtained. CT data were measured in Hounsfield units. RESULTS: In all, 15 men and 5 women were evaluated 104 months after surgery (range, 89 to 124 months). CT and radiography demonstrated that the bone plug had fused to the tunnel wall, and that no intact interference screw was left. A parallel, threaded, and corticated screw tract was visible adjacent to the bone plug. No bone ingrowth had occurred at the screw site, although, occasionally, minimal calcification was seen. This was never as dense as cancellous bone, and no trabeculae were ever present. No positive pivot-shift test results were obtained. Lysholm, Tegner, and Cincinnati scores were 83, 5.6, and 75, respectively, at follow-up. Average KT difference was 0.7 mm. DISCUSSION: PLLA interference screws completely degraded, and the resulting area demonstrated a low Hounsfield count, consistent with soft tissue 7 years after insertion. No significant bone ingrowth occurred at the screw site. Femoral and tibial ACL tunnels were absent of anything but fibrous tissue and usually had a sclerotic cortical lining. CONCLUSION: PLLA biodegradable ACL screws eventually disappear completely. PLLA material is not replaced by bone. ACL graft tunnels are filled with nonossified material. This study provides a baseline for comparison with other biodegradable interference screws that may encourage bone ingrowth as they degrade. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV (no or historical control).

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1999

Cytotoxicity testing of a new caprolactone-coated self-expanding bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactic acid urethral stent.

Forty to 75% of strictures recur within 2 years of urethrotomy and the essential problem remains how to prevent the edges of the cut stricture from adhering to each other and the scar from shrinking. To solve this problem different kinds of urethral stents have been used. Recently a new bioabsorbable self-expanding urethral stent was developed by our group. The core consists of self-reinforced (SR) poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) and the coating is made of an amorphous copolymer of caprolactone and D,L-lactic acid [P(epsilon-CL/ D,L-LA)]. The aim of our present study was to test the cytotoxicity of the new material used to coat the SR-PLLA urethral stent utilizing the thymidine incorporation method (DNA synthesis inhibition test). The new materials showed no acute toxicity and can be regarded as biocompatible in medical devices.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Production of lactic acid and energy metabolism in vascular smooth muscle: effect of dichloroacetate.

Vascular smooth muscle metabolism is characterized by substantial production of lactic acid even under fully oxygenated conditions. The role the aerobic production of lactate plays in the energetics of smooth muscle is obscure and was investigated in this study. Helical strips of porcine carotid arteries were incubated in medium containing 1 mM dichloroacetate (DCA), an agent that stimulates pyruvate dehydrogenase and promotes the oxidation of glucose. Lactate production in resting muscle was decreased in the presence of DCA (0.033 +/- 0.006 vs. 0.111 +/- 0.014 mumol.g-1.min-1, P < 0.02), indicating diversion of glucose metabolism from lactate production to enhanced glucose oxidation. This was associated with reduction in the level of ATP+phosphocreatine (PCr) (0.99 +/- 0.01 vs. 1.40 +/- 0.09 mumol/g, P < 0.05) and cataplerosis of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Contraction by KCl was also associated with reduced lactate production in the presence of DCA (0.086 +/- 0.017 vs. 0.20 +/- 0.002 mumol.g-1.min-1, P < 0.01), but ATP+PCr normalized, and there was anaplerosis of the TCA cycle. Glycogen in control arteries declined by approximately 1.3 mumol/g over 30 min K+ contraction but was unchanged in the presence of DCA. By calculation, the glycogen spared could be accounted for by the quantity of glucose diverted from lactate production to glucose oxidation during contraction. It is concluded that the aerobic production of lactate is a mechanism affording optimal coordination and modulation of glucose supply and oxidative energy production with energy demand.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Non-lactic acid, contaminating microbial flora in ready-to-eat foods: a potential food-quality index.

The bacteriological profile of 87 samples of commercially available ready-to-eat (RTE) dairy and meat-products, packaged sandwiches and salads was obtained by testing for aerobic colony count, for lactic acid bacterial (LAB) count, for the presence and the extent of non-LAB microflora (contaminating microflora), and by testing for certain food-borne pathogens. The pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and sulfite-reducing clostridia were not detected in any of the analysed samples. Whereas only three samples (3.4%) were deemed unacceptable for consumption for exceeding the established pathogen tolerance levels (for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), several samples were found to contain non-lactic acid contaminating microflora of considerable magnitude. The log10 cfu g(-1) counts for contaminating microflora in the food categories examined were as follows: hard cheeses 4.85 (SD 1.17); semi-hard cheeses 5.39 (SD 1.37); soft cheeses 5.13 (SD 1.03); whey cheeses 6.55 (1.24); fermented meat-products 4.18 (SD 1.48); heat-treated meat-products 3.47 (SD 1.99); salads 3.37 (SD 1.56) and sandwiches 5.04 (SD 0.96). Approximately 1 in every 30 to 80 bacterial cells found on different types of cheeses and salads was a non-LAB microorganism; the respective ratios for fermented meat-products, heat-treated meat-products and sandwiches were 1 in 6, 2.5 and 15. The assessment of the contaminating microflora magnitude at various steps during the manufacture and distribution of RTE foods can serve as an index for monitoring the microbiological quality of the starting materials, the sanitation efficacy during processing and possible temperature abuse during processing, transportation or storage.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2003

Antibacterial poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating of medical implants using a biodegradable drug delivery technology.

OBJECTIVES: Biomaterial-associated bacterial infections present common and challenging complications with medical implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial properties of a low molecular weight biodegradable poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating with integrated antibiotics gentamicin and teicoplanin. METHODS: Coating of Kirschner-wires was carried out by a solvent casting technique under aseptic conditions with and without incorporated antibiotics. Release kinetics of gentamicin and teicoplanin were studied in phosphate-buffered saline. Initial bacterial adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis on coated and bare implants was determined by radiolabelling and counts of detached viable organisms. RESULTS: The incorporated antibiotics showed a continuous release over a period of at least 96 h with an initial peak of release in the first 6 h. Attachment of non-viable microorganisms, detected by radiolabelled bacteria, was increased significantly by the polymer coatings (P < 0.05). In contrast, the number of viable bacteria was reduced by the pure polymer (P < 0.01) and further by the polymer-antibiotic combinations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Poly(D,L-lactic acid) coating of implants could offer new perspectives in preventing biomaterial-associated infections. Combinations with other drugs to formulate custom-tailored implant surfaces are feasible.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1992

In vitro and in vivo release of poly(DL-lactic acid) microspheres containing neurotensin analogue prepared by novel oil-in-water solvent evaporation method.

Poly(DL-lactic acid) (PLA) microspheres containing a neurotensin analogue [NA; H(CH3)-Arg-Lys-Pro-Trp-tert-Leu-Leu-OEt.3HCl] were prepared by a novel oil-in-water (o/w) solvent evaporation method, and the release behaviors were evaluated in vitro. About 20% of the loaded NA was released initially, and the subsequent release lasted for a month from microspheres prepared with PLA of molecular weight 2000 (PLA 2000). A smaller initial release from PLA 4000 and PLA 6000 microspheres was found, but a lag time of 2-3 weeks during which the drug was not released was observed with PLA 4000 and PLA 6000 microspheres. The addition of relatively hydrophilic monoglycerides decreased the lag time, and a fairly constant release of NA was achieved. The pharmacokinetic behavior of NA from PLA 2000 microspheres was studied in rats. The release of the drug after a subcutaneous injection exhibited pseudo-zero-order kinetics for 1 month. The initial release of the drug from the microspheres was reflected in a sharp increase of the plasma levels of the de-ester form of NA [H(CH3)-Arg-Lys-Pro-Trp-tert-Leu-Leu-OH], and the subsequent steady-state levels agreed well with the predicted levels obtained from analysis of constant-infusion kinetics.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1978

Parathyroid hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and lactic acid accumulation in calvaria of osteopetrotic (ia) rats.

We have examined the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the adenylate cyclase activity of newborn osteopetrotic rat calvaria, to study a possible molecular basis for the reduced response of this mutant to PTH. Phenotypically normal littermates served as controls. We also measured the effect of PTH on kidney adenylate cyclase activity and on lactic acid accumulation in short term cultures of calvaria. PTH stimulated calvarial adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent manner in both mutant rats and normal littermates. Lactic acid production was also enhanced by PTH, and no significant difference between mutants and normal littermates was observed. These findings indicate that the reduced response of the young osteopetrotic rats to PTH is not due to an absence of PTH receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed2006

Histamine, histidine, and growth-phase mediated regulation of the histidine decarboxylase gene in lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine.

Fermented foods are frequently contaminated by histamine that is generated by microorganisms with histidine decarboxylase activity. The ingestion of large amounts of histamine can cause serious toxicological problems in humans. A study of the effects of histamine, histidine, and growth phase on histamine production by lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine is reported here. With northern blots and specific activity analysis, we observed that histidine induces the expression of the histidine decarboxylase gene (hdc) and that histamine causes a decrease in the expression of this gene. The expression of hdc is also mediated by the bacterial growth phase. Histidine and histamine do not affect histidine decarboxylase activity, whereas pyridoxal 5'-phosphate does. Data on histamine-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine should contribute to the prevention of histamine formation during winemaking and storage.

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prognostic significance of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase in Ewing's tumor of bone.

Pretreatment serum lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were examined in 82 patients with Ewing's tumor of bone (23 metastatic and 59 localized). The percentage of patients with increased serum LDH levels was significantly higher in the metastatic group than in the group of patients with localized disease (87 vs. 45%). After treatment with combined therapy, in this latter group the recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with elevated serum LDH levels at admission than in those with normal serum LDH levels (50 vs. 9%). Of the 16 patients with localized disease who relapsed, 13 (81%) had elevated serum LDH levels at the time of recurrence. These results indicate that in Ewing's tumor serum LDH levels may serve as useful prognostic markers and could be valuable in monitoring the effectiveness of combined therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Characterization and identification of lactic acid bacteria in "morcilla de Burgos".

A total of 176 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from a typical Spanish blood sausage called "morcilla de Burgos" were identified by means of phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA RFLP (ribotyping). LAB were isolated from "morcilla" of different producers and in different storage periods, which includes unpackaged, vacuum and modified atmosphere packaged "morcilla" and vacuum packed and pasteurised "morcilla". The knowledge of specific spoilage bacteria of "morcilla de Burgos" will be useful to design new preservation methods to extend the shelf-life of this product. Identification made according to phenotypic and biochemical characteristics shows the majority of the isolates were heterofermentative LAB (93.2%) and eight different bacterial groups could be distinguished (A-G). Weisella viridescens was the main species detected (42%). In addition, Leuconostoc spp. (23.9%), Weissella confusa (11.4%) and Lactobacillus fructosus (5.7%) species were found. Few strains were phenotypically misidentified as Lactobacillus sanfrancisco, Pediococcus spp., Lactobacillus sakei/curvatus and Carnobacterium spp. and 11 strains remained unknown. Most of the leuconostocs were identified as Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Leuconostoc carnosum species. Ribotyping shows a quite good correlation with phenotypic methods, although it has been possible to identify 15 different clusters. W. viridescens and leuconostocs were also the predominant LAB. Strains identified as W. confusa by phenotypic characteristics were resolved in W. confusa and Weissella cibaria by ribotyping. Neither Carnobacterium piscicola nor Lb. sanfrancisco were identified by means of genotypic method. All Lb. fructosus strains and some more included in different phenotypic groups (17 strains in total) could not be associated with any reference strain (cluster VII).

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Heterologous production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria.

Over the last two decades, bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been the subject of considerable research and industrial interest due to their potential as food biopreservatives. The development of heterologous expression systems for such antimicrobial compounds may offer a number of advantages over native systems, such as facilitating the control of bacteriocin gene expression or achieving higher production levels. In addition, the heterologous production by food-grade LAB offers an attractive method for overcoming some of the adverse situations that may affect the effectiveness of some bacteriocins in food systems. Construction of multibacteriocinogenic strains or acquisition of antimicrobial properties by industrial strains are further objectives that can be achieved through the use of heterologous gene expression systems. The development of new biotechnological tools and recent advances in LAB genetics account for the escalating number of studies dealing with heterologous production of bacteriocins by such hosts. This paper reviews the literature published on the subject and compares the different experimental strategies that have been used up to the present for this purpose.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed2002

Genetically modified lactic acid bacteria: applications to food or health and risk assessment.

Lactic acid bacteria have a long history of use in fermented food products. Progress in gene technology allows their modification by introducing new genes or by modifying their metabolic functions. These modifications may lead to improvements in food technology (bacteria better fitted to technological processes, leading to improved organoleptic properties em leader ), or to new applications including bacteria producing therapeutic molecules that could be delivered by mouth. Examples in these two fields will be discussed, at the same time evaluating their potential benefit to society and the possible risks associated with their use. Risk assessment and expected benefits will determine the future use of modified bacteria in the domains of food technology and health.

European Union↗