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PubMed2000

In vivo and in vitro tests showing sensitization to Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen allergen in atopic dogs.

Using both in vivo and in vitro tests, dogs with atopic dermatitis were examined for sensitization with Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollen allergen. Ten dogs with clinical manifestation of atopic dermatitis were shown to be sensitized to CJ pollen based on the results of intradermal skin test and serum antigen-specific IgE test. In vitro lymphocyte stimulation test showed blastogenic response after stimulation with crude antigen of CJ pollen in all of the 5 cases examined. The peripheral leukocytes showed increased histamine release after stimulation with crude antigen of CJ pollen in 2 cases examined. These data indicate that a proportion of dogs with atopic dermatitis is sensitized to CJ pollen in a cell-mediated manner and show immediate phase reaction of type I hypersensitivity.

Allergens↗
PubMed1994

Measles immunisation in children with allergy to egg.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of adverse reactions to measles vaccine given as a single dose to children with egg allergy, and to determine if the administration of single dose to children with a positive result in an intradermal skin prick test with the vaccine is associated with adverse reactions. DESIGN: Review of results of immunisation and prospective study of 96 consecutively presenting children given intradermal skin testing with the vaccine. SETTING: Children's allergy centre. SUBJECTS: 410 children sensitive to egg referred to the allergy unit for advice about measles immunisation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nature and severity of reactions associated with the administration of measles vaccine. RESULTS: All children had a positive result in a skin prick test with egg white, and five had a positive result in a skin prick test with vaccine. Of 96 consecutive children, 46 had a positive result in an intradermal test with vaccine. After immunisation with a full dose (0.5 ml) of vaccine adverse reactions were associated with a mild reaction in four children, none of whom required treatment. Only one of the 46 children with a positive result in an intradermal vaccine skin test had a reaction associated with vaccine administration. None of the children with a positive result in a skin prick test with measles vaccine reacted to the vaccine. The rate of minor reactions to the vaccine not requiring treatment was 0.98% (95% confidence interval 0.27% to 2.48%) and serious reactions requiring treatment was 0% (0% to 0.9%). CONCLUSION: Children with IgE mediated allergic reactions to egg protein should be investigated and managed by practitioners with special knowledge in this subject. Measles immunisation should be performed in a setting where any adverse reactions can be dealt with appropriately. Skin tests and measles vaccine and desensitisation are not necessary.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1977

Intradermal mitogen response in dogs: correlation with outcome of infection by canine distemper virus.

Gnotobiotic and conventional dogs of different ages were examined for intradermal skin test responses and in virtro peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to the phytomitogens, phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). All adult dogs skin tested with these mitogens demonstrated a positive skin reaction consisting of erythema and induration within 24 hours. In contrast, a positive reaction was obtained only with PHA-P when both mitogens were tested in conventional and gnotobiotic neonatal dogs. Lymphocytes from both adult and neonatal dogs underwent blastogenesis if cultured with PHA-P and PWM. Infection of gnotobiotic dogs with canine distemper virus (CDV) resulted in depression of PHA-P skin test response along with in vitro depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis. Persistent loss of skin test response correlated with eventual death due to CDV-associated encephalitis, whereas dogs which responded to PHA-P 14 to 21 days after viral inoculation survived CDV infection. The results of this study indicated that intradermal mitogen tests can be used as a rapid method for in vivo assessment of cell-mediated immunity in this species.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of autologous sera on immediate and late skin reaction to the house dust mite in atopic individuals.

To evaluate the in vivo effect of autologous serum including antibodies to house dust mite in atopic individuals, we observed the immediate (15 mins) and late (6 hours) skin reactions (ISR, LSR) on intradermal (ID) test of serially diluted Dermatophagoides farinae antigens (DFa, Allergopharma, Germany) mixed with autologous sera (DFa-S) and diluent alone (DFa-D). We tested 34 DFa-skin reactive atopic individuals including 12 asthmatics (BA), 8 asthmatics on immunotherapy with DFa (IT), and 14 healthy atopic controls (AC). We observed complete inhibition of ISR in the lowest allergen dose of DFa-S in 7 (58.3%) of 12 BA, 3 (37.5%) of 8 IT, and 2 (14.3%) of 14 AC. In BA, the inhibition of ISR was more frequent than AC (p < 0.05). We observed larger late reactions in half of LSR positive cases on ID test by DFa-S than by DFa-D (> or = 1.5 X size; accentuation of LSR). Accentuation of LSR were shown more frequently by DFa mixed with larger amount of serum (25% in 1:1 mix; 80% in 1:3 mix, p < 0.05). But there were no differences of DFa-specific IgE and IgG subclass antibodies regardless of the inhibition of ISR or the accentuation of LSR. In conclusion, some autologous sera from DFa-sensitive individuals showed the inhibition of ISR and the accentuation of LSR on DFa-ID test.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Adverse reaction to surgical sutures in thyroid surgery.

BACKGROUND: A mild reaction to surgical sutures after thyroid surgery is common and is characterized by local edema and inflammation around the surgical scar. Severe reaction with microabscesses and granulomatous masses is quite rare. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two cases of severe reaction to silk sutures after thyroid surgery are presented. Meticulous surgical removal of all surgical sutures along with granulomatous masses, granulation tissue, and microabscesses cured both patients. Pathologic examination revealed giant cells and lymphocytes. Intradermal skin tests were positive to silk sutures. The etiology and the treatment options are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In rare cases, severe reaction to silk sutures may develop after thyroid surgery. Surgical removal of the stitches is the treatment of choice. Intradermal skin test is a good predictor of allergy to sutures.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nasal polyposis: prevalence of positive food and inhalant skin tests.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the etiology of nasal polyps and its relationship to allergy. The prevalence of positive food and inhalant skin tests in patients with nasal polyps and nonatopic controls was compared. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective controlled study in tertiary referral rhinology clinic. RESULTS: Seventy percent (70%) of the patients with nasal polyps had positive skin tests to an average of four foodstuffs, compared to 34 percent of controls (P = 0.006). Only 35 percent of the nasal polyp patients also had positive inhalant skin tests. Overall, the prevalence of positive inhalant skin tests was similar in the nasal polyp patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the positive skin tests to foods are not merely a reflection of the general atopic status of patients with nasal polyps. It may be that non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivities, such as to ingested foods, play a role on the basis of a significant number of patients with positive intradermal skin tests to foods. SIGNIFICANCE: Evaluation of the allergic status of patients with polyposis is important. Dietary manipulation may be indicated, though its role needs further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Atopic dermatitis in dogs: symptomatology and diagnosis].

The immunological backgrounds of canine atopy, and in particular of atopic dermatitis, are described in the present review. The significance of the history, the intradermal allergic test and the determination of allergen-specific antibodies in the diagnosis of canine atopy is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cyanosis of the hands following the use of alphaprodine in dental anaesthesia.

A case is presented of asymptomatic cyanosis of the hands, seen four hours after dental surgery under intravenous, local and inhalational anaesthesia. Alphaprodine hydrochloride, a synthetic opiate and one of the agents used, may produce dilatation of the venous bed with passive venous pooling. Such a mechanism is thought to have occurred in this case, manifesting as cyanosis. A weakly positive intradermal skin test to alphaprodine suggests immediate type hypersensitivity as a possible underlying cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[A case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis].

A 41-year-old Japanese woman came to our clinic complaining of multiple edematous erythemas on the trunk and legs. The eruptions recurred periodically in association with the menstrual cycle. She had received oral progesterone therapy between 24 and 34 years of age. There were no abnormal values found in the routine and hormonal examinations, including progesterone and estrogen levels in serum and urine. After an intradermal skin test with progesterone, she had no reaction after 20 minutes but a positive reaction after 48 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae--immunochemical studies of four allergenic fractions.

Analysis of the allergenic components of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae was performed. Four different types of proteins reactive with human anti-mite IgE antibodies were identified as four distinct radioprecipitins in radioimmunoelectrophoresis. These were designated as mite allergen reactive with human IgE antibodies (Me) Me 1, Me 2, Me 3, and Me 4 according to their electrophoretic mobility from the slower to the faster. Me 1 and Me 2 were the first and the second prevailing allergens, respectively, in 133 atopic patients subjected to the study. Me 1, on purification by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography, elicited a single radioprecipitin by radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Me 1 also elicited a single band in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single peak in high-performance liquid chromatography. Both methods elicited identical values of 17,000 daltons for the molecular weight of Me 1. The isoelectric point of Me 1 was suggested to be 8.0. Me 1 elicited higher skin reactions compared to that obtained by the crude mite extract when it was assessed in seven atopic patients by serial titration intradermal skin testing.

Allergens↗
PubMed2004

Carboplatin desensitization.

BACKGROUND: IgE-mediated carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions occur in up to 30% of patients receiving this agent for chemotherapy of solid tumors, thus limiting therapeutic options. OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with intravenous carboplatin desensitization regimens, which culminated in a standardized, successful protocol for safe administration. METHODS: Eight consecutive patients with ovarian cancer who had experienced severe anaphylactic reactions to carboplatin were referred to our hospital. Intradermal skin testing was performed by raising a 3-mm bleb by injection of undiluted carboplatin at 10 mg/mL, and the wheal size was read at 20 minutes. The outcomes of the various desensitization regimens were documented prospectively, and the experience gained was used to develop a standardized protocol for administration. RESULTS: All patients had positive intradermal skin test results. The first 3 patients were treated with short (90 minutes to 6 hours) desensitization protocols, and all protocols failed on the first or second infusions. These 3 and a subsequent 5 patients were given intravenous carboplatin according to a protocol of gradual dose escalation over a 4-log dose range given during a 4-day period, with subsequent 3-weekly infusions given more rapidly by omitting the most dilute log dose on each occasion. All patients tolerated the longer infusion protocol without event, and all but 1 patient experienced appropriate tumor marker response. CONCLUSIONS: Short carboplatin desensitization protocols (less than 6 hours) have an unacceptable failure rate in patients with carboplatin allergy, but longer infusion times (days) are well tolerated without recurrence of the allergic reaction and with good tumor response. In cases where carboplatin is the optimal therapeutic agent, clinicians should not be deterred by an anaphylactic reaction to it or by failure of shorter desensitization regimens.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Experimentally induced infection of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) with Mycobacterium bovis.

In the USA, all species of Cervidae are included in the USDA's uniform methods and rules for the eradication of bovine tuberculosis and, therefore, are subject to regulations regarding intradermal tuberculin testing. In reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), infection with Mycobacterium bovis is exceedingly rare and the response of reindeer to infection with M. bovis in pathologic and immunologic terms is unknown. The objectives of the study reported here were to describe the pathologic changes associated with M. bovis infection in reindeer and evaluate the effectiveness of intradermal tuberculin testing as a means of diagnosis of tuberculosis in reindeer. Thirteen reindeer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) of M. bovis, and 4 noninoculated reindeer served as negative controls. The comparative cervical test (CCT) was done on all reindeer 90 and 240 days after inoculation. Thirteen months after inoculation, all reindeer were euthanized and examined. All experimentally inoculated reindeer developed lesions in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. The CCT accurately identified all M. bovis-inoculated reindeer, but false-positive results were common among negative-control reindeer. Modifications of the method for interpretation of the CCT decreased false-positive results without increasing false-negative results. Reindeer are susceptible to infection with M. bovis; however, lesions are fewer in number, less severe in nature, and less widely disseminated than are those seen in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Comparative cervical skin testing of reindeer can be highly sensitive, but has low specificity. Specificity can be improved by modification of criteria for interpretation of the CCT.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The immunological diagnosis of human hydatid disease.

There is evidence that the yearly incidence rate of hydatid disease may be increasing in endemic areas and in regions of the world hitherto free of the infection. The availability of an accurate method of detection in both man and other animals would facilitate understanding of the global epidemiology. The diagnostic procedures in use in human hydatidosis have often given inconclusive results in animal infections. The following tests are discussed and their usefulness appraised: intradermal, complement fixation, haemagglutination, latex agglutination, indirect fluorescent antibody, immunoelectrophoresis, counter immunoelectrophoresis, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, radio-immuno assay and lymphocyte transformation.

Echinococcosis↗
PubMed1985

Venom skin tests in insect-allergic and insect-nonallergic populations.

Intradermal skin tests with varying concentrations of honeybee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and Polistes venoms were done on 85 patients with histories of insect-sting anaphylaxis and on 56 insect-nonallergic subjects. Positive skin tests (wheal greater than or equal to 5 to 10 mm and flare greater than or equal to 11 to 20 mm) were present in 67 insect-allergic patients at venom concentrations ranging from 0.001 microgram/ml to 0.1 microgram/ml. Seven additional allergic patients had positive skin tests with the 1.0 microgram/ml venom concentration. Twenty-six nonallergic subjects had positive skin tests at the venom concentration of 1.0 microgram/ml, and two patients had positive skin tests at the lower venom concentrations (0.001 to 0.1 microgram/ml). These results confirm venom skin tests as a highly sensitive method of detecting venom-specific IgE in the evaluation of patients with stinging-insect hypersensitivity. Since a large percentage of insect-nonallergic subjects reacted to the 1.0 microgram/ml concentration, clinical judgment and further in vitro testing should be considered in the evaluation of patients who react only at this venom concentration.

Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic↗
PubMed1987

Analgesic properties of intrathecally administered heterocyclic antidepressants.

Antinociceptive activities of heterocyclic antidepressants (HCAs) were studied after intrathecal (i.t.) administration in mice. HCAs with selective norepinephrine reuptake blocking properties (noradrenergic HCAs), such as desipramine and protriptyline, produced different antinociceptive profiles from HCAs with selective serotonin reuptake blocking properties (serotonergic HCAs), such as fluoxetine and citalopram. Noradrenergic HCAs were antinociceptive in all of the three nociceptive tests employed in the present study, i.e., tail-flick (TF) test, i.t. substance P-induced behavioral (SPB) test and intradermal hypertonic saline-induced behavioral (HSB) test. Intrathecal noradrenergic HCAs potentiated systemic or i.t. morphine-induced antinociception in the TF test. Serotonergic HCAs were partially antinociceptive in the SPB and HSB test, but inactive in the TF test. Furthermore, serotonergic HCAs did not enhance the antinociception produced by systemic or intrathecal morphine. The present data suggest that the efficacy of HCAs in the control of chronic pain stems, at least partially, from their action in the spinal cord, their analgesic activities probably involve blockade of monoamine reuptake. and the spinal serotonergic system probably possesses a dual action in regard to spinal nociception, while the noradrenergic system does not.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiological study of brucellosis in eight Greek villages using a computerised mapping programme.

A Computerised Mapping Programme (CMP) was created step by step to cover all the needs of a cross sectional population survey conducted in eight villages of Fokida, a rural area of central Greece. The maps of Greece (boundary) and the topographical maps of the eight villages were created using the CMP. A volunteer sample of 1121 out of 2607 inhabitants of the study area participated in the population survey. The participants were tested for brucellosis using serological tests (ELISA and Rose Bengal) and the intradermal reaction test. A questionnaire was used to obtain information concerning the risk factors for brucellosis. The risk factors found through statistical analysis were occupation (RR: 5.81, p < 0.00001), consumption of raw milk (RR: 1.98, p < 0.001) and unpasteurised fresh cheese (RR: 2.13, p < 0.01). The same factors were indicated by the CMP. The CMP also indicated manure-contaminated playgrounds in residential yards as a potential risk factor for children. The origin and dissemination were delineated using time space association display. The CMP proved to be a useful tool in this epidemiological study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Studies on mastitis, milk quality and health risks associated with consumption of milk from pastoral herds in Dodoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania.

The prevalence of mastitis, milk quality and health risks associated with milk consumption were investigated on 96 randomly selected traditional herds in Dodoma rural and Mvomero districts of Tanzania. Mastitis was investigated based on clinical signs, microbiology and California mastitis test (CMT), while milk quality was evaluated using total viable count (TVC)and total coliform count (TCC). Animals were tested for tuberculosis using a single comparative intradermal tuberculin test. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis based on CMT was low (8.3%). The major isolates were Staphylococcus aureus (35.3%), other staphylococci (20.8%), coliforms (27.7%), microcci (5.8%) and streptococci (9.8%). The average TVC of milk in Dodoma rural district (1.0 x 10(7) +/- 3.4 x 10(7)) was significantly higher than that in Mvomero district (8.9 x 10 (5) 3.5 x 10(6)) (p < 0.001) and the proportion of TCC-positive samples in Dodoma (70.7%) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that of Mvomero sample(20.8%). Whereas no tuberculin reactor animal was detected in the study animals, atypical mycobacteria were isolated from milk and one sample from Dodoma had Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Knowledge on health risks associated with milk consumption was low (20.8%). It is concluded that lack of awareness on health risks associated with milk consumption amongst rural communities needs to be addressed in order to safeguard their health.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Patch test reactions to human dander in atopic dermatitis.

Patch tests reactions to human dander were positive in 120 of 181 (66%) patients with atopic dermatitis, in two of 28 (7%) patients with allergic contact dermatitis, and in one of 31 (3%) normal controls. The frequency of positive reactions was significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis. The reactions consisted of erythema and papules, which histologically showed an eczematous change at the upper parts of hair follicles. There was significant correlation between patch test reactions to human dander and delayed intradermal reactions to the same substance in atopic patients. It is suggested that certain patients with atopic dermatitis exhibit contact hypersensitivity to human dander. Whether or not the hypersensitivity has any relationship to the pathogenesis of the dermatitis was not determined in this study.

Adolescent↗