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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Ultrastructural effects of parachlorophenylalanine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and the imipramine group on the nerve processes of the small intestine.

The structure of the nerve fibres in the chronically isolated cat ileum was studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy after imipramine group compounds, parachlorophenylalanine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment. Following treatment with parachlorophenylalanine and imipramine group compounds in the nerve fibres of the small intestine, specific granules were selectively decreased (p less than 0.001) in number. In concordance with ultrastructural observations, a marked diminution of fluorescence intensity was demonstrable in the small intestine. In addition, the number of the granular vesicles was significantly increased following 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment, and yellow fluorescent neurones and processes were observed in the myenteric and submucous plexuses. On the basis of these observations, the serotoninergic nature of certain nerve fibres could be demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Imipramine and citalopram reverse corticosterone-induced alterations in the effects of the activation of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors in rat frontal cortex.

Using extracellular recording we studied changes in the reactivity of rat frontal cortical slices to the 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2) and 5-HT(4) receptor agonists, (+/-)-2-dipropyloamino-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT), (+/-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine hydrochloride (DOI) and zacopride, respectively, induced by an earlier treatment of animals with corticosterone lasting 1 or 3 weeks. Spontaneous bursting activity was recorded in ex vivo slices incubated in a medium devoid of Mg(2+) ions and containing picrotoxin (30 microM). Repetitive, but not single, corticosterone administration resulted in an attenuation of the effect of the activation of 5-HT(1A) receptors and in an enhancement of the effect related to 5-HT(2) receptors. The effect of 5-HT(4) receptor activation remained unchanged. In separate two sets of experiments rats were treated with corticosterone for 3 weeks and additionally with imipramine or citalopram, beginning on the eighth day of corticosterone administration. In the corticosterone plus imipramine as well as corticosterone plus citalopram groups the effects of 8-OH-DPAT and DOI were not different from control indicating that corticosterone-induced functional modifications in the reactivity of 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2) receptors were reversed by antidepressant treatments.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1992

Treatment of imipramine-resistant recurrent depression, III: Efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in tricyclic resistant depression has received surprisingly little systematic study. METHOD: Patients who failed to respond to sustained, adequate treatment with the tricyclic imipramine (mean maximum dosage = 260 mg/day) and interpersonal psychotherapy were withdrawn from imipramine and treated in a standardized, but open-label 6-week trial with either phenelzine (N = 4; 60 mg/day) or tranylcypromine (N = 36; mean = 38.5 mg/day) and continued interpersonal psychotherapy. RESULTS: Forty of 42 patients (95%) completed the trial, of whom 23 (58%) responded to treatment. Highly significant improvement was documented on measures of depression, reversed neurovegetative symptoms, and somatic symptoms. Response was significantly correlated with severity of depression (pre-MAOI score on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression), severity of a composite score of anergic and reversed neurovegetative features, and low levels of improvement during initial imipramine/interpersonal psychotherapy. Of patients who met criteria for proposed subforms of anergic or atypical depression, 67% (18/27) responded (p less than .05); 77% (17/22) of patients who scored above the mean on the composite measure of anergic and reversed neurovegetative features responded (p less than .01). CONCLUSION: These findings provide strong evidence of the utility of MAOIs in tricyclic-resistant depression, especially in patients with features such as fatigue, volitional inhibition, motoric retardation, hypersomnia, and/or weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Normalizing effects of antidepressive imipramine on reorganization of circadian motility in light period shift in pinealectomized rats].

A change in the reorganization of the circadian motor activity following a 10-hour shift in the photo period was observed in the pinealectomized rats. After antidepressant imipramine (10 mg/kg, 14 days), such reorganization of the circadian rhythm was also changed in the intact animals. At the same time imipramine eliminated the disruption in the resynchronization of the daily motility following pinealectomy.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinical usefulness of monitoring serum levels of imipramine and desipramine in patients treated for endogenous depression].

Fifteen patients with endogenous unipolar and bipolar depression were treated with imipramine and, if necessary, one of benzodiazepine or neuroleptic. Total serum concentrations of imipramine (IMI) and its active metabolite desipramine (DMI) were measured in steady-state by FPIA method . Severity of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. IMI + DMI serum concentration monitoring appeared to be useful in every case. It helped to arrive more quickly at the optimal dosage, confirmed the suspicion of overdosage or noncompliance. In nonresponders group, it helped with the earlier decision of changing brands of tricyclic antidepressant or it contributed to intensify the diagnostic process which detected the additional pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Evaluation by evoked potentials of attentional abilities in patients with depression under amoxapine or imipramine].

ERPs are described as a new dependent variable class allowing a dynamic exploration of cognitive activities. Attentional processes play a fundamental role in those activities. An original conception of attention is outlined. In this view, attention is considered as responsible of managing of different cognitive processes. The interest of attentional impairment assessment with ERPs particularly in psychiatric disorders such as depression is underlined. This is illustrated by Buchsbaum M.S. et al. (1988) study. These authors recorded EPs, during a continuous performance test, in 3 groups of depressive patients under amoxapine, imipramine or placebo. Results showed in the amoxapine group and enhanced N120 amplitude in midline and right parietal cortex. In normal subjects, an amplitude increase in those areas usually reflects a selective attention effect. Behavioral performance was improved in the amoxapine group compared to that of patients who received imipramine or placebo. This improvement as soon as 48 h after drug administration could be related to the higher amoxapine affinity for serotonin S2 receptors.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neurochemical mechanisms of the action of tricyclic antidepressants of the imipramine group].

The main role in determination of the pharmacologic effects of the imipramine groups antidepressants is given to their influence on neurotransmitters metabolism in synapses, the activity of enzymic systems regulating the transport of ions, as well as on the system of cyclic AMP metabolism. Interaction of tricyclic antidepressants with membrane and, as the result, distrubance in reuptake of transmitters (epinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in neurons is supposed to be one of the mechanisms of synaptic transmission regulation. The possible role in inhibition of biological amines deamination, in particular of phenylethylamine, in antidepressive effect of tricyclic antidepressants is discussed. It is supposed that the thymoanaleptic effects of the imipramine group antidepressants are due to activation of central serotoninergic processes, and their psychoanaleptic effect due to activation of the adrenergic system. Inhibition of the Na+, K+-ATPase activity quilizing effect of tricyclic antidepressants.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Imipramine treatment of ADHD in a fragile X child.

Fragile X syndrome, an X-linked genetic disorder, is the third most common cause of mental retardation. The following is a case of a 6-year-old boy with fragile X syndrome and its characteristic cognitive and behavioral symptomatology, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In addition, this child experienced initial insomnia and nocturnal enuresis, problems not previously reported with fragile X. Previous pharmacological treatment of the syndrome's behavioral difficulties and attention deficit has included stimulants, folic acid, and neuroleptics. This is the first report of the successful use of imipramine. Imipramine also improved the boy's insomnia and enuresis, whereas methylphenidate caused an overall worsening of his condition.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1991

Imipramine inhibits monoamine oxidase activity in hyperglycemic rat brain.

The effect of the chronic treatment of tricyclic antidepressants like Imipramine on the catecholamine metabolism of rat brain, in normal and hyperglycemic conditions was investigated. Imipramine was found to elevate the catecholamine levels in controls, while chronic treatment of hyperglycemic animals with the drug, failed to cause any change other than seen as a result of hyperglycemia. The activities of Monoamine oxidase on the other hand, decreases significantly as a result of the treatment, both in controls and in the hyperglycemic state. The results suggest that the drug apart from acting as an antidepressant, assumes the role of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor under pathological conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Patients with panic disorder unaccompanied by depression improve with alprazolam and imipramine treatment.

Patients with panic disorder (N = 1168) were enrolled in a multicenter, 8-week, double-blind clinical trial of imipramine, alprazolam, and placebo to analyze whether the effectiveness of these agents is dependent on the depressive/dysphoric symptomatology which often coexists in panic disorder patients. In addition to analyses performed on the whole sample of patients, the authors conducted analyses on a subsample (N = 312) defined by multiple criteria to ensure the absence of depression and dysphoria. In both the overall sample and the nondepressed subsample, the clinical response to imipramine or alprazolam was found to be independent of the presence of depression or dysphoria. In panic disorder patients for whom pharmacotherapy is being considered as treatment, the absence of depression is apparently not a contraindication.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluvoxamine versus imipramine in outpatients with major depression.

The authors employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled design to investigate the effectiveness of fluvoxamine versus imipramine in 54 outpatients with moderate major depression. Fluvoxamine proved superior to placebo but not to imipramine on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Nausea and hyperarousal were the most common side effects in the fluvoxamine-treated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Hepatic failure associated with imipramine therapy.

Imipramine, a widely used antidepressant, has rarely been associated with hepatic abnormalities. In the majority of reported cases, hepatic effects have been transient and readily reversible on discontinuation of the drug. We cared for an 11-year-old boy with hepatic failure and massive cell necrosis which followed treatment with imipramine for enuresis. This therapy led to fulminant hepatic failure and subsequent liver transplantation.

Child↗
PubMed1990

The interaction of amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine and their N-methyl quaternary ammonium derivatives with subtypes of muscarinic receptors in brain and heart.

The interaction of amitriptyline, doxepin, imipramine and their N-methyl quaternary derivatives with muscarinic receptors was investigated in the brain and heart. The potency of the tricyclic derivatives for inhibiting the binding of 11[[2-[(diethylamino) methyl]-1-piperidinyl]acetyl]-5,11-dihydro-6H-pyrido[2,3-b] [1,4] benzodiazepine-6-one to M2 muscarinic receptors in cerebral cortex was similar to that measured in competitive binding experiments with the nonselective muscarinic antagonist [3H]N-methylscopolamine in the corpus striatum and heart. Moreover, the tricyclic derivatives antagonized muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity with similar potency in the corpus striatum and heart, and there was good agreement between the affinities of the tricyclic derivatives when measured by radioligand binding and by antagonism of the adenylate cyclase response. Our results show that amitriptyline, doxepin and imipramine lack selectivity for subtypes of the muscarinic receptor.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of imipramine and trazodone on the re-uptake of (3H) serotonin by thrombocytes in patients with endogenous depression: changes in antidepressive therapy].

The inhibitory potencies of imipramine (IC50-values for IMI) and trazodone (IC50-values for TRA) on platelet [3H]serotonin uptake were measured in depressed patients. The IC50-values for IMI in patients was shown to be higher (P less than 0.01) than in controls. The IC50-values for TRA in patients were lower (P less than 0.01) than found in platelets from controls. These alterations were not accompanied by the significant decrease of a density of platelet [3H]imipramine binding sites. Drug treatment led to the normalization of the IC50-values for IMI and to the partial increase of the IC50-values for TRA. There was a negative correlation of IC50-values for TRA and severity of depressive symptoms evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. The results support the hypothesis that the mechanisms of the regulation of [3H]serotonin uptake sensitivity to IMI and TRA in patients are different.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical evidence for different opioid systems in the rat superior cervical ganglion as revealed by imipramine treatment and receptor blockade.

The distribution pattern of opioid-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and varicose fibres in the rat superior cervical ganglion after chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, various receptor blockades (muscarinic antagonist, atropine sulphate; opiate antagonist, naloxone; kappa-antagonist, MR2266BS), and denervation was investigated immunohistochemically using a biotin-streptavidin-peroxydase complex method. Antisera to four peptides derived from two different precursors of the opioid family were used. In control superior cervical ganglia sparsely scattered nerve fibres and no neuronal cell bodies were immunoreactive when antisera to dynorphin A (1-17) or alpha-neo-endorphin (cleavage products of prodynorphin) were applied. A moderate number of nerve fibres and neuronal perikarya were immunoreactive to antisera directed against met-enkephalin-arg-phe (cleavage product of proenkephalin) and leu-enkephalin (cleavage product of prodynorphin and proenkephalin); non-identical cell bodies contained met-enkephalin-arg-phe- or leu-enkephalin-immunoreactivity. After drug treatment specific changes in the immunoreactivity of the investigated peptides in the superior cervical ganglion were demonstrated. (a) Treatment with imipramine resulted in an increase of nerve fibres demonstrating immunoreactivity to antisera against dynorphin A and alpha-neoendorphin. In contrast, no alteration in the numbers of nerve fibers but a numerical increase of postganglionic cell bodies immunoreactive to either met-enkephalin-arg-phe or leu-enkephalin antisera was demonstrated. Moreover, some perikarya exhibited immunoreactivity to both these opioids. (b) Receptor blockade with the muscarinic antagonist atropine sulphate or the general opiate antagonist naloxone had no effect on the number and distribution of dynorphin A or alpha-neoendorphin immunoreactive fibres, whereas both met-enkephalin-arg-phe and leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive fibres and postganglionic perikarya were increased in number. (c) After the kappa antagonist (MR2266BS), an increase of fibres with prodynorphin-derived opioid immunoreactivity as well as those with met-enkephalin-arg-phe- or leu-enkephalin-immunolabelling was visible and the met-enkephalin-arg-phe and leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive cell bodies were increased in number. The preganglionic origin of the investigated fibres with prodynorphin cleavage products was concluded from the complete disappearance of such fibres after preganglionic denervation. Denervation also resulted in an increase of met-enkephalin-arg-phe- and leu-enkephalin-immunoreactive perikarya. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, which in controls were nonrea

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of combined treatment with ethanol and imipramine or amitriptyline on rabbit EEG.

The effect of combination of imipramine or amitriptyline acute or chronic treatment with ethanol on EEG was studied in rabbits with electrodes chronically implanted into the frontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus and midbrain reticular formation. In addition, to study the effect of the treatment on development of tolerance to ethanol, a group of rabbits receiving ethanol with antidepressants was additionally injected iv with ethanol once a week. Single doses of both the antidepressants did not alter the effect of acute administration of ethanol on EEG, but imipramine and amitriptyline potentiated the ethanol-induced changes in the EEG recorded from the midbrain reticular formation in rabbits receiving ethanol chronically and in the period of abstinene. The antidepressants did not change the development of tolerance to ethanol.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1989

Efficacy and tolerability of moclobemide compared with imipramine in depressive disorder (DSM-III): an Austrian double-blind, multicentre study.

The antidepressant efficacy, tolerability, and safety of moclobemide, a reversible, monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor, were compared with those of imipramine in parallel groups of patients with a major depressive episode, in a 4-week, multicentre (17 centres), randomised study. A total of 381 patients were randomly allocated to either treatment; they were not required to avoid tyramine-rich foods. Drop-out rates were comparable in both groups at about 17%. Judged primarily on the HRSD, no significant differences in efficacy were observed between the groups, but the number of patients presenting with adverse events, as well as the total number of adverse events, was greater with imipramine. Cardiovascular tolerability was satisfactory and physical examination, body weight, and laboratory values were essentially unaffected in both groups.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed1989

[Sensitivity of the retrograde uptake of H3-serotonin to imipramine and trazodone in patients with endogenous depression treated with antidepressive drugs].

The potency of imipramine (IMI) and trazodone (TRA) to inhibit (3H)-serotonin intake in unipolar and bipolar endogenous depressed patients (women aged 17 to 57 years) was evaluated before and during the antidepressant treatment. The potency of IMI was lower and that of TRA higher in patients as compared to controls. The both drugs' potencies became normal in patients treated with antidepressants. The significant decrease of imipramine binding sites density (Bmax) was evident after the treatment as against the normal levels. Significant correlation was observed between a severity of the patient's state evaluated using Hamiltone depression rating scale and the TRA potency but not IMI potency or Bmax. The data suggest different mechanisms regulating the serotonin uptake sensitivity to IMI and TRA. These are apparently involved in the pathogenesis of endogenous depression.

Adolescent↗