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PubMedDate not supplied

[Nurses interacting therapeutically with elderly patients in chronic depression].

In a humanist care model we searched to analyse experiences lived by nurses interacting with chronic depression patients. There was a female patient who was being assisted by Psycho-social Support Nucleus (NAP), 60 years old, presenting depressive symptoms, proper for her age, probably stressed by her suffering experiences in life. It was a therapeutic interaction as matters of the patient's interest (not the nurses interest) have been presented; the pace of communication has been determined b the patient herself; the nurse (except in the very beginning when the patient was a little anxious) followed her communication, physically approaching her whenever it was necessary; intervened only at necessary moments; inspired confidence that was necessary for the patient to talk about her intimate feelings; helped her to recover when she was out of control; conducted her safely, but with comprehensive attitude until the patient felt easy to leave her; demonstrated that she could help her in other moments if she thought it was necessary. Interaction achieved its aims helping the patient and being technically adequate for therapeutic and diagnosis aspects.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

[Intuition: a discussion in the literature].

The purpose of this article is to present the concept of intuition in the literature in general and review how this theme has been considered in the nursing literature in particular. The findings in the literature where intuition appears as an innate and accessible attribute of the human being are presented in short. The authors assume a favorable position concerning the association of the rational and intuitive aspects of the human being as a kind of personal development and amplification of the possibilities to understand and help people.

Helping Behavior↗
PubMed2005

Chance of psychiatric morbidity amongst recently diagnosed cancer outpatients attending a chemotherapy unit.

The prevalent rate of psychiatry morbidity amongst patients with cancer reported in various studies ranges from 5 to 50%, a variation that can be attributed to differences in sample size, the disease itself and treatment factors. The objectives of the present study were to determine the frequency of psychiatric morbidity amongst recently diagnosed cancer outpatients and try to identify which factors might be related to further psychological distress. Two hundred and eleven (70.9%) female patients and 87 (29.1%) male patients from the chemotherapy unit of the Cancer Hospital A.C. Camargo (São Paulo) completed a questionnaire that featured data on demographic, medical and treatment details. The Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was administered to the patients to determine their personal psychiatric morbidity. Seventy-two patients (25.8%) scored > or = 8 in the SRQ-20, the cut-off point for a patient to be considered a psychiatric case. When the low and high scoring groups were compared no differences were detected regarding age, marital status, tumor site, sex, or previous treatment. Nonetheless, patients in the lowest social class and those who were bedridden less than 50% of the time had a significantly higher probability of being a psychiatric case. Regarding help-seeking behavior in situations in which they had doubts or were frightened, about 64% of the total sample did not seek any type of support and did not talk to anyone. This frequency of psychiatric morbidity agrees with data from the cancer literature. According to many investigators, the early detection of a comorbid psychiatric disorder is crucial to relieve a patient's suffering.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Interaction with hospitalized children. Use of therapeutic techniques and measures].

The aim of this study is to describe an experience of a nursing student caring for a child in a pediatric unit. Using therapeutic communication techniques and therapeutic nursing measures, the student developed a help relationship with the child, which enabled the implementation of a thorough nursing process, where the student got fully involved with the patient sharing beneficial experiences for both.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Self perception of a nursing student while developing a helping relationship with the family of a terminally ill child].

The present study aims at reporting and analysing the therapeutic approach of children under intensive care and studying the relationship between nurse and mother. Facing the illness of a dying child and within a sometimes hostile and emotional environment, the student is trained to help the family and their problems. The student's own anxiety and difficulties in managing these situations are evaluated.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Effects of Trichinella spiralis on survival, total mass, and organ mass of oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus).

Trichinella spiralis is a parasitic nematode that infects many mammals, including humans. Hosts may experience significant physiological changes or may die because of acute inflammatory immune responses toward the parasite. In this study, oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus) were used as a new experimental host for T. spiralis. Males of P. polionotus were infected with increasing doses of T. spiralis to determine the effect infection had on survival, mass change, total mass, and relative organ masses. Total juvenile worm burden increased in an asymptotic fashion with infective dose. Large doses (> or = 600 juveniles) significantly reduced survival. There were significant negative correlations between infection intensity (log10[juveniles]/g) and both mass gain and final total mass. Infection had no effect on liver or spleen size. But there were significant negative correlations between T. spiralis intensity and both testis and seminal vesicle masses. These effects on male size and reproductive organs may help explain behavioral changes, such as the elimination of male dominance, seen in previous studies on mice infected with T. spiralis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identifying, understanding, and working with grieving parents in the NICU, Part I: Identifying and understanding loss and the grief response.

The admission of an infant to an NICU is an unexpected event for the parents and one often not predicted by health care professionals. This highly stressiful and overwhelming hospitalization is likely to be one of the greatest life challenges that parents of newborns face. Parents need support from NICU professionals, among others, to cope with the losses that occur in the hospital setting. This article provides NICU professionals with general information about loss and the subsequent grief response, focusing on losses from sources other than death. Common emotional and physical responses are provided so these can be recognized in affected parents. By increasing their awareness of the topics of loss and grief, health care professionals can help ensure that grieving parents get the support needed to assimilate their loss into a life forever changed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steps to successfully breastfeed the premature infant.

The birth of a premature infant causes emotional upheaval for parents. They often wonder what they can do to help their infant during the critical newborn period. Providing breast milk is one of the most important physiologic benefits a mother can give her premature infant. The advantages of breast milk are numerous. It is the responsibility of those who care for premature infants and their families to provide parents with the support they need to supply the best possible nutrition for their infant. Breastfeeding a premature infant can challenge both the mother and her health care team, however. Infants should be assessed individually for readiness to proceed through the steps leading to successftil breastfeeding. From establishing a milk supply to putting the baby to the breast, parents rely on the nurse for information, instruction, and encouragement. This article identifies obstacles to breastfeeding the premature infant and offers a step-by-step approach for promoting successful breastfeeding in the NICU.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2006

Power, family, and filial responsibility related to elder care in rural Japan.

This article explores the discourse on filial responsibility as it intersects with familial roles and power relationships as represented by women living in rural Japan. Using case studies, I consider some of the intergenerational and intragenerational issues that arise as Japanese women contemplate or attempt to cope with care of elder parents and consider the manner in which the concept of filial piety, or filial responsibility, is expressed and conceptualized in relation to these issues. I argue that many continue to think about elder care in ways that emphasize the responsibility of children to care for their parents, but that the discourse on filial piety is continually constructed and reconstructed as people provide and contest roles associated with elder care, both from the perspective of the child and from that of the parents. To explore these issues, I consider the cases of two women who were facing issues related to provision of care to elder parents and who structured these in terms of notions about filial responsibility. The cases were obtained during extended fieldwork in an agricultural community in northern Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Having a sibling with schizophrenia: a phenomenological study.

Limited attention has been paid to experiences of individuals with siblings diagnosed with schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to address this gap by exploring the impact of having a brother or sister with schizophrenia. The lived experience of 6 individuals with a sibling with schizophrenia was explored using van Manen's (1997) Hermeneutic Phenomenology. Four themes were identified: struggling to understand, struggling with the system, caring for the sibling, and seeing beyond the illness. Health care providers need to re-evaluate current approaches for assisting individuals to cope with having a sibling with schizophrenia. Inclusion in the plan of care and recognition of their struggle is essential for individuals having a sibling with schizophrenia.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Race, gender, and sexual orientation in hate crime victimization: identity politics or identity risk?

This study examined the impact of hate crimes upon gay and lesbian victims, reviewing 1538 hate crimes committed in Los Angeles County. Differences between sexual orientation and other hate crime categories were considered for offense severity, reportage to law enforcement, and victim impact. The type of offense varied between crimes classified for sexual orientation (n=551) and other bias-motivated crimes (n=987). Assault, sexual assault, sexual harassment, and stalking were predictive of sexual orientation hate crimes. Sexual orientation bias crimes evidenced greater severity of violence to the person and impact upon victim level of functioning. More violent forms of aggression were predictive of gay and lesbian victim's underreportage to law enforcement. For sexual orientation offenses, victim gender and race/ethnicity differences were predictive of the base rates of crime reportage as well. These findings are considered in terms of a group-risk hypothesis, encountered by multiple outgroup persons, that influences help-seeking behavior and ingroup identity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Teaching teenagers with autism to seek assistance when lost.

Three teenagers with autism were taught to respond to a vibrating pager to seek assistance in community settings when physically separated from their parents or teachers. A multiple baseline probe design across participants demonstrated that, upon being paged, participants successfully handed a communication card to a community member indicating that they were lost. Generalization was assessed in nontraining community sites and on outings with the participants' parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Increasing donations to supermarket food-bank bins using proximal prompts.

There has been little research into interventions to increase participation in donating items to food-bank bins. In New Zealand, there has been an increased demand from food banks (Stewart, 2002). This study demonstrated that point-of-sale prompts can be an effective method of increasing donations to a supermarket food-bank bin.

Commerce↗
PubMed2006

Use of mental health services and subjective satisfaction with treatment among Black Caribbean immigrants: results from the National Survey of American Life.

OBJECTIVES: We examined the use rates and correlates of formal psychiatric services among the US-born and immigrant Caribbean Black population. METHODS: We compared overall mental health service use in samples of Caribbean Blacks and African Americans and examined the within-sample ethnic variation among Caribbean Blacks, including for ethnic origin (Spanish Caribbean, Haiti, and English Caribbean), nativity status (those born in or outside the United States), number of years spent living in the United States, age at the time of immigration, and generational status. RESULTS: African Americans and Caribbean Blacks used formal mental health care services at relatively low rates. Among Caribbean Blacks, generational status and nativity showed the greatest effects on rates of reported use, satisfaction, and perceived helpfulness. Of those study participants who met the criteria for disorders as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, about one third used formal mental health care services. The US-born subjects were more likely to receive care than were first-generation immigrants. CONCLUSIONS: Our study underscores the importance of ethnicity, immigration, and migration-related factors, within racial categorization, as it pertains to the use of mental health services in the United States. Our findings suggest that timing of migration and generational status of Caribbean Black immigrants and ancestry groups contribute to important differences in rates and sources of use, relative satisfaction, and perception of helpfulness, with regard to formal mental health services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The underrecognition of HIV infection in women in an inner-city emergency room.

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the recognition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and associated factors in women and men attending an emergency room in the Bronx, New York, NY. METHODS: From April 16, 1989, to May 5, 1989, the emergency room records of 2102 consecutive patients 13 years of age or older were reviewed and, for 856 patients undergoing venipuncture, linked anonymously to results of HIV antibody tested in excess blood. RESULTS: HIV seroprevalence was 7.8% in women and 14.6% in men. Among seropositive women, 5.0% had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), compared with 26.0% of men. Excluding patients with AIDS, HIV infection was recognized in 13.2% of women and 27.0% of men. HIV infection was recognized only in women aged 25 through 44 years. In men, recognition occurred in all age groups. Clinical presentation did not distinguish the seropositive from seronegative women. Risk assessments were recorded less frequently for women (11.2%) than men (15.9%). For 92.5% of persons with any behavioral risk assessment, injecting drug use was the only behavior assessed. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection is underrecognized in women, in part, because of a lower prevalence of AIDS. Universal HIV risk assessment, which includes heterosexual behaviors, may help increase recognition of HIV in women and opportunities for early intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Touched by homelessness: an examination of hospitality for the down and out.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated patterns of "doubled-up" homelessness using an indirect measure based on host households. METHODS: In random household telephone surveys conducted in Alabama between 1990 and 2000 and nationally in 1997, respondents indicated whether any individual had stayed with them during the past year because that person was homeless. RESULTS: The percentage of Alabama households providing shelter during the past year declined from 16.2% in 1990 to 7.1% in 2000. The national rate for providing shelter in 1997 was 18.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Many households provide shelter to people to prevent them from being literally homeless. As the economy has expanded, these rates have declined in Alabama.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Silences: helping elderly Holocaust victims deal with the past.

Persons who have faced severe crises such as the Holocaust in Nazi Germany confront painful memories, guilt, and the perceived irrationality of their own survival, which represses thoughts and memories. There is no language to share the dark and difficult years of the past. Silence is their only voice of expression. In later life, when friends are gone, the need to share with others becomes urgent; to bear witness is vital. Helping persons share these experiences is no easy task. To engage the elderly with reminiscences, memory, bereavement, and the working through of guilt provide unusual challenges for the helping professions. Significant family events are also important opportunities for sharing the past. It is the children and grandchildren's desire to know that also prompts the sharing of past horrors and future hopes. They often enable the deepest silences to be shared and it is the elderly that often welcome this opportunity. Being sensitive to these integenerational dynamics are important in helping elderly Holocaust victims deal with their past.

Adaptation, Psychological↗