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PubMed1986

The lives of pigment cells.

Most pigment cells during embryogenesis arise from the cranial or truncal portion of the neural crest and migrate to the skin, hair bulbs, choroid of the eye, the inner ear, leptomeninges, and other tissues. Cells of the retinal pigment epithelium come from a different source, namely, the primitive forebrain, and are involved in the formation of the retina and the optic nerves and tracts. Most pigment cells in all parts of the body seem to be constant in number and function until approximately middle age (the fourth or fifth decade of life). Thereafter, the number of melanocytes in the skin, hair, and eyes and the number of nevi begin to decrease. One function of pigment cells may be to eradicate oxygen radicals that are responsible in part for inducing malignancies and are also involved in the aging process. Possibly one result of the loss of melanocytes from the various organs is acceleration of the aging process in a permissive environment for the development of malignancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Piebaldism].

Piebaldism is a rare, congenital, autosomal dominant inherited pigmentary disorder, characterized by a white forelock and freckled depigmentation of the forehead, chin, ventral trunk and extremities. Normal pigmentation is found on the back, hands and feet. Within the non-pigmented areas, patches of hyperpigmentation are possible. A family with six affected members spanning three generations is presented, which displays the typical traits of this disorder. The clinical signs, genetic aspects and differential diagnosis of piebaldism are briefly reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The value of microscopic features in the examination of human head hairs: statistical analysis of questionnaire returns.

There is an apparent diversity of opinion with respect to the probative value of hair in the United Kingdom and in North America. A questionnaire was devised and widely circulated in an attempt to discover the reasons behind this diversity and to seek the views of a broad range of hair examiners. This paper reports on the statistical analyses of the answers to the closed form questions. The majority of replies to most questions favored the number of categories given in the questionnaire. The general impression is that U.K. scientists tend to want fewer categories for classification of microscopic features than the North Americans. The largest divisions of opinion concerned pigment distribution and density and the medulla, where North American scientists want more categories for classification and the U.K. scientists fewer. The implications of these results in the choice and description of features to be examined in human hairs is considered in the second paper concerned with this questionnaire.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1986

The value of microscopic features in the examination of human head hairs: analysis of comments contained in questionnaire returns.

Comments received in response to a questionnaire seeking opinion about hair examination have been considered. The questionnaire was in two parts: the first was concerned with the description of microscopic features and the second with the use of numerical features and data sheets in hair examinations. The same format is used to present a synopsis of the many individual comments and suggestions contained in questionnaire returns. It is argued that a hair examination form can contribute to more effective hair examinations although not replacing direct side-by-side comparisons. A hair examination form is presented with recommendations for its use.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed1985

The members of the LEW-LEW.C-4A (AUG) congenic pair differ in at least two alloantigenic systems, RT4 and RT6.

In rats, two alloantigenic loci, RT4 and RT6, were separated by recombination in a backcross population of (LEW X LEW.C-4A) X LEW hybrids using cytotoxicity tests with alloantisera and immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody P4/16 in combination with histogenetic (skin graft) testing. Two new recombinant congenic strains were established, LEW.C-4A/I of the genotype CCRT4aaRT6aa and LEW.6B of the genotype ccRT4bbRT6bb. In the rat, transplantation results localize the histocompatibility locus RT4 closer to the locus albino, the T-cell RT6 locus without any proven histocompatibility effect is closely linked to the haemoglobin locus Hbb, in contrast to the mouse in which the haemoglobin (Hbb) and histocompatibility H-1 loci are closely linked.

Alleles↗
PubMed1985

Acquired progressive kinking of hair. Report of six cases and review of literature.

Acquired progressive kinking of hair is an entity distinct from woolly hair in its onset at or after puberty, predominant involvement of frontal, temporal, and vertex regions of the scalp as well as the supra-auricular and postauricular margins, and a tendency for affected hairs to resemble pubic hair both in texture and color. We consider the condition to be androgen dependent and likely to progress to male pattern baldness. The condition "whisker hair" is probably a variant of acquired progressive kinking of hair.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Factors regulating the degree and extent of experimental chimaerism in the mouse.

The degree of chimaerism of the coat, bone marrow and cornea in mouse chimaeras obtained by aggregation of an albino inbred embryo of A strain with an A X CBA-T6T6 hybrid was investigated. Out of 21 individuals born, 18 were chimaeras. Statistically significant correlation has been demonstrated between chimaerism of the coat, bone marrow and the cornea. The contribution of the two components appears to be affected by two factors: first, variable participation of the two components inthe embryonic ectoderm of the chimaeric egg cyclinder, and second, the rate of proliferation of the two cell lines. A photometric method is described which permits the quantitative evaluation of coat chimaerism. The method is sensitive and reliable.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Functional state of the thyroid gland in the postnatal period in mink of different genotypes].

The thyroid gland functional state was studied by means of 131J-triiodothyronine in minks of two genotypes. The thyroid activity in the standard (dark brown) minks increased from the 3--4th month of postnatal ontogenesis (July--August) and decreased gradually by the 6th month (november). Similar changes in the thyroid activity were found in the Hedlung (white) minks as well. Their thyroid activity was, however, markedly higher on the 3rd month than in the standard minks.

Aging↗