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PubMedDate not supplied

The capacity of dogs to serve as reservoirs for gastrointestinal disease in children.

A total of 40 Canine faecal specimens were collected from 10 different halting sites in the Dublin area. Specimens were taken from the site surface. The sites were determined by laboratory confirmed gastroenteritis infections reported in children. Each stool specimen was primarily examined for Giardia and Cryptosporidium but was also analysed for the presence of bacterial enteropathogens. The occurrence of canine zoonoses was not established, however the 40% prevalence of Giardia coupled with the 30% prevalence of bacterial enteropathogens on these sites support the supposition that dogs are a potential source of gastroenteritis infections in children within the travelling community. The potential dangers of zoonotic transmission as demonstrated by this survey must be acknowledged.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Surgery for upper gastrointestinal diseases in cirrhotic patients].

Outcomes of surgery for gastric cancer or esophageal cancer in cirrhotic patients are not favorable. The preoperative assessment of liver function utilizing Child's classification or indocyanine green (ICG) excretion test can be a predictive factor of postoperative mortality. Operative risk is acceptable if patients are classified as Child's class A, and surgical procedures should be avoided in patients either classified as Child's class C or having ICG-R15 of 25% or more. To avoid postoperative complications, it is important to minimize the operative procedure and to ligate vessels instead of using electrocautery. Surgical stress and risk can further be reduced by a two stage operation for esophageal cancer and by gastrectomy with reduced lymph node dissection of D1 for gastric cancer. However, because curability of existing cancer is also required for surgical procedures, the status of liver cirrhosis and the stage of cancers should be considered in surgical treatment of gastric cancer or esophageal cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Virulence factors in Aeromonas spp and their association with gastrointestinal disease.

Culture filtrates of eight Aeromonas strains isolated from the feces of 487 subjects (292 diarrhoeic patients and 195 asymptomatic subjects) were tested for toxin production in CHO and McCoy cells, and adhesion and invasive ability in Caco-2 cells. Among these isolates, three Aeromonas sobria and one Aeromonas caviae strains possessed virulence-associated properties. Toxin production was the most common of the three virulence properties. Two A. caviae were associated, in the absence of other diarrhoeagenic agents, with gastroenteritis; however, a virulence marker (cytotoxin) was recognized only in one strain. Two strains of A. sobria isolated from subjects with gastroenteritis were shown to be associated with one (cytotoxicity) or two (adhesion and invasive abilities) virulence factors, respectively. However, a third strain of A. sobria, although cytotoxic and invasive, was isolated from an asymptomatic subject. The results show that Aeromonas spp may act as human enteric pathogens, but also indicate that the significance of several putative virulence factors, such as production of cytotoxin and the capacity to adhere to and invade mammalian cells, remains controversial in explaining the enteropathogenesis of Aeromonads and therefore needs further studies.

Aeromonas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The aging gastrointestinal tract--diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in old age].

Gastrointestinal symptoms in geriatric patients are not necessarily due to disorders of the gut or even consequence of aging. The high capacity in regard to motoric phenomena, secretion and absorption prevents deficiency syndromes. The spectrum of geriatric gastrointestinal diseases does not differ from the one seen in the normal population except of the increasing rate of malignancies. Multimorbidity and consecutive polypragmasy may be responsible for iatrogenic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Disorders of bone metabolism in gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases].

Gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases are frequently associated with metabolic bone disorders, especially osteoporosis and osteomalacia. Malabsorption of vitamin D and calcium are important aetiological factors, although other factors may contribute, like the use of glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment is first of all focused on correction of calcium and vitamin D deficiency. In severe osteoporosis additional treatment with bisfosfonates needs serious consideration.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Preweaning mortality in pigs. 4 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs.

The incidence of fatal gastroenteropathies in sucking pigs was studied during a 2-year period in 17 sow herds involving 2,936 litters. The results showed that 2.8 per cent of the liveborn pigs died with gastroenteropathies during the sucking and immediate post weaning period. The incidence was lowest in offspring from second-litter sows (Table I) and the progeny from large litters tended to have the highest incidence (Table II). Fatal gastrointestinal diseases were observed in a total of 17.6 per cent of the examined litters, and the average number of death per affected litter was 1.5 (Tables III and IV). The progeny of sows with post parturient diseases had significantly higher death losses than had the progeny from normal healthy sows (Table V). Climate had no apparent influence on death losses, but they were lowest during the warmer period of the year (April-September) (Tables VIII and VI.) The incidence varied considerably from herd to herd, but was not influenced by herd size (Table III). However, the level of hygiene exerted a pronounced influence on the incidence (Table VII), and self-contained herds had significantly lower death losses than had herds where female breeding stock was occasionally brought in (Table IX). Approximately 65 per cent of the pigs which succumbed due to gastrointestinal diseases died during the first week of life, which means that 1.8 per cent of the pigs at risk died during this period (Table X). The material was grouped according to the results of the post mortem and bacteriological examinations (Table XI). Approximately 50 per cent of the fatal cases were associated with an intestinal bacterial infection, which in most instances was caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli (Tables XII and XIII), while approximately 14 per cent had distinct gross pathological lesions which alone were indication of a diagnosis. In the remaining one third of the fatal cases the aetiology and pathogenesis remained by and large unexplained; however, nutritional and dietetic disorders played a role in many of these cases. Aetiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the fatal gastrointestinal diseases are discussed, and it is concluded that a high level of hygiene, the prevention and treatment of post parturient diseases, "closed" management systems, and the avoidance of unsuitable or damaged sow feed would be instrumental in keeping the level of fatal gastrointestinal diseases low among sucking pigs.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Gastrointestinal dysfunction in neurologic disease.

Gastrointestinal motor dysfunctions result when extrinsic autonomic nerves are diseased and are unable to modulate the motor functions of the digestive tract, which depend on the enteric nervous system and the automaticity of the smooth muscles. Gut motor dysfunction may result from disorders at all anatomic levels of the extrinsic neural control and degenerations of gut smooth muscle. It illustrates the important modulation of gut motor function by the nervous system. Although much emphasis has been placed on dysphagia and constipation in neurologic disorders, more recent studies have highlighted incontinence, vomiting, and abdominal distention in the symptomatology of such patients. Strategies that evaluate the motor functions of the digestive tract and the extrinsic neural control are available; they aid in selection of rational therapies for these patients, which include physical therapy and biofeedback training (for dysphagia or incontinence), prokinetic agents (for neuropathic forms of gastroparesis, chronic intestinal dysmotility, or slow transit colonic disorders), and nutritional support using the enteral or parenteral route. Electrical or magnetic stimulation of lumbosacral roots provides a novel method to alleviate constipation in paraplegics.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2005

Management of co-morbidities and general medical conditions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatologists, in addition to providing subspecialty care, are frequently called to treat general medical conditions in their patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Co-morbid medical problems are common in the RA population and may require a different approach from standard practice recommendations. In this paper, we review the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, gastrointestinal disease, depression, and metabolic bone disease in patients with RA. Appreciation of the unique interaction between arthritis and common medical co-morbidities may have a significant impact on management and outcomes of RA.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Depression in the hospitalized inpatient with various medical illnesses.

The amount of depressive symptomatology in the medical population is high. Most of the symptomatology is, however, mild and probably represents an adjustment disorder with depression as a result of illness and hospitalization. Routine screening for depression in the hospitalized medically ill patient appears to be useful, given poor physician recognition of not only mild, but severe depressive symptomatology. Affective and cognitive symptoms of depression are the most discriminating for severe depression. Patients with bone and connective tissue disease, gastrointestinal disease, neurological disease, respiratory disease, and cancer appear to be the groups of diseases at greatest risk for serious depression in a tertiary care setting in the United States.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis of nosocomial origin.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with nosocomial continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD)-associated peritonitis focusing on the incidence, possible risk factors, spectrum of organisms, and outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective review of the medical records of our CPD patients admitted to an acute-care hospital between November, 1993 and December, 1994. SETTING: University-associated acute-care hospitals in New Haven, Connecticut. PATIENTS: One hundred and eighty-eight patients maintained on CPD therapy and admitted to an acute-care hospital. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (5%) developing nosocomial peritonitis (NP) were identified from the 408 admissions occurring during the study period. Patients developing NP were older than the hospitalized CPD patients not developing NP (65.5 +/- 14.6 vs 58.4 +/- 14.7 years, p < 0.05). Comorbid diseases including diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, cardiovascular disease, and human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity were not more common in the patients developing NP. Patients developing NP were hospitalized significantly longer than the CPD patients not developing NP (39.5 +/- 46.5 days vs 12.7 +/- 12.4 days, p < 0.001). The mean serum albumin was lower in the NP patients than in the CPD patients not developing NP (2.35 +/- 0.52 g/dL vs 3.02 +/- 0.60 g/L, p < 0.001). Antecedent antibiotic use and performance of invasive procedures were noted in 89% and 68% of the patients developing NP, respectively. Staphylococcal species, enterococcal species, and gram-negative organisms accounted for 26%, 21%, and 53% of the episodes of NP, respectively. Furthermore, two strains of Enterococcus resistant to vancomycin were cultured. Eight patients developing NP expired, 8 patients continued CPD therapy, 2 patients transferred to hemodialysis, and one patient recovered renal function. CONCLUSION: We conclude that NP is uncommon. Increased age, increased length of hospital stay, and hypoalbuminemia may predispose patients to the development of NP. Further studies with case controls should help to clarify whether antecedent antibiotics or prior performance of invasive procedures predispose patients to the development of nosocomial peritonitis. The spectrum of organisms accounting for NP is different than the spectrum of organisms causing community-acquired CPD-associated peritonitis. Some of these organisms may be resistant to standard antibiotic therapies. Patients developing NP do poorly, with 42% expiring while being treated for NP.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Decreased CD4(+) circulating T lymphocytes in patients with gastrointestinal chagas disease.

The gastrointestinal form of Chagas disease is characterized by lumenal enlargement and wall thickening of the esophagus and/or colon. Very little is known about the involvement of the immune system in the development of the gastrointestinal form of the disease. In this paper we describe our initial observations on the phenotypic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with the gastrointestinal form of Chagas disease. A significant decrease in the absolute number of CD3(+) T cells as well as in CD19(+) B lymphocytes was observed. However, the most striking observation was an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio, contrasting with results from cardiac chagasic patients in whom the ratio is normal. A decrease of the percentage of CD4(+)CD28(+) cells and an increase in the expression of HLA-DR both on CD4(+) and on CD8(+) cells suggest that although these T cells express activation markers their function may be altered by the lack of CD28 expression.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Long-term effects of structum administration (according to data from multicenter trial)].

AIM: To evaluate duration of a clinical response to the drug structum in patients with osteoarthrosis (OA) of the knee and hip joints as well as structum effects on OA course and that of concomitant diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The duration of a clinical response to structum after the end of the treatment and its effect on OA and concominant diseases course were studied for 12 months in 9 centers participating in the study of the drug efficacy and tolerance in patients with gon- and coxarthrosis in an open multicenter randomized controlled 6-month trial. Out of 555 patients with OA of the knee and hip joints enrolled in the first study, the examination covered 373 patients: 159 patients of the test group treated for 6 months with structum and 214 controls. By basic clinical parameters the groups were similar. Clinical examination was made after structum treatment and 12 months later and included assessment of the number of exacerbations, hospitalizations, outpatient consultations, days of temporary disability for OA, pain in the joints while walking and at rest by the visual scale, Leken's functional index, x-ray pictures of the joints, administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), exacerbations of concomitant diseases (gastrointestinal diseases, arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease). RESULTS: An overall functional Leken's index in patients with gon- and coxarthrosis given structum 12 months after the treatment did not reach the initial values as well as pain and daily need in NSAID. Structum effect in patients with knee joint OA persisted for 4.6 months, in hip joint OA--4.1 months; in patients with stage I-II the effect lasted longer than in stage III (5.2 and 4.6 months vs 4.17 and 3.24 months, respectively. Even short-term therapy with structum reduced the number of further exacerbations, hospitalizations and visits to their doctor. 12 months after structum therapy the effect persisted in 40% patients. Frequency of exacerbations of the concomitant diseases was less than in patients on continuous NSAID. CONCLUSION: Structum is a highly effective drug against OA as it acts long, reduces frequency of exacerbations, hospitalizations, visits to the doctor, duration of disability, NSAID requirement and improves the course of some concomitant diseases.

Chondroitin Sulfates↗
PubMed1995

[Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in HIV disease].

Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are part of the most frequent complaints in HIV disease. A methodical effort is required to identify treatable syndromes. Progressive immunodeficiency is associated with increased prevalence of opportunistic or non-opportunistic infections and neoplasms. Dysphagia and odynophagia, in the majority due to candida esophagitis, are best evaluated by endoscopy. In the presence of diarrhea, upper GI endoscopy is indicated if evaluations of stool and endoscopy of the lower GI tract are negative and may uncover proximal small-bowel infection by Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium or Mycobacterium avium. HIV-associated neoplasias (Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphomas), not rarely affecting the upper GI tract and sometimes leading to obstruction or bleeding, are reliably diagnosed only by endoscopy. Since visible lesions mostly are nonspecific and normal-appearing mucosa may harbor pathogens, biopsies for pathology and cultures are crucial for correct diagnosis in GI diseases of HIV-infected patients.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2025

Deciphering microbial and metabolic influences in gastrointestinal diseases-unveiling their roles in&#xa0;gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease.

INTRODUCTION: Gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) affect nearly 40% of the global population, with gut microbiome-metabolome interactions playing a crucial role in gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate how microbial and metabolic alterations contribute to disease development and assess whether biomarkers identified in one disease could potentially be used to predict another, highlighting cross-disease applicability. METHODS: Microbiome and metabolome datasets from Erawijantari et al. (GC: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;42, Healthy: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;54), Franzosa et al. (IBD: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;164, Healthy: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;56), and Yachida et al. (CRC: n&#x2009;=&#x2009;150, Healthy: n = 127) were subjected to three machine learning algorithms, eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Feature selection identified microbial and metabolite biomarkers unique to each disease and shared across conditions. A microbial community (MICOM) model simulated gut microbial growth and metabolite fluxes, revealing metabolic differences between healthy and diseased states. Finally, network analysis uncovered metabolite clusters associated with disease traits. RESULTS: Combined machine learning models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with Random Forest achieving the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) scores for GC(0.94[0.83-1.00]), CRC (0.75[0.62-0.86]), and IBD (0.93[0.86-0.98]). These models were then employed for cross-disease analysis, revealing that models trained on GC data successfully predicted IBD biomarkers, while CRC models predicted GC biomarkers with optimal performance scores. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the potential of microbial and metabolic profiling in cross-disease characterization particularly for GIDs, advancing biomarker discovery for improved diagnostics and targeted therapies.

Humans↗