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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Profile contouring including cheiloplasty.

Profile disharmony exists when there is an unattractive forehead-to-chin contour. An indication for correction arises when the appearance disturbs the patient. Often the patient believes rhinoplasty alone will improve the unpleasant profile. The surgeon must appreciate other deformitied and enlighten the patient of concurrent osseous and soft tissue abnormalities. Profile evaluation and treatment rarely requires complicated diagnostic and corrective measures. Complex mathematical evaluations followed by multistaged surgical procedures are impractical for most patients. My experience with augmentation of the nose and mentum with polyamide mesh in more than 200 cases indicates that it is a simple and safe material for implantation. Modification of the nasofrontal angle and cheiloplasty are minor adjunctive procedures and are readily combined with the basic rhinoplasty.

Chin↗
PubMed1982

Midforehead incisions in treatment of the aging face.

The concept of total facial rejuvenation requires attention to all areas of the face, including the upper third. Recently there has been a resurgence of interest in this area of the aging face. Various clinical conditions may be seen as a single entity or in combination with others, and it is important for the facial aesthetic surgeon to diagnose and treat these conditions. The conditions first observed, diagnosis, and conventional surgical remedies are reviewed in an attempt to clarify the rationale for forehead lift v temple lift v browpexy v upper blepharoplasty. Midforehead glabellaplasty (vertical and longitudinal), browpexy, and rhytidectomy are analyzed in depth, as well as the indications, contraindications, technique, and results.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Use of temporalis muscle flaps in complicated defects of the head and face.

Large defects in the upper two thirds of the face, skull, and skull base pose challenging reconstructive problems. There are a number of applicable reconstructive techniques, all with various advantages and disadvantages, available to otolaryngologists-head and neck surgeons. One method, originally described in the late 1800s, was evaluated by us. Applications of the technique included reconstruction of large defects of the forehead, dura, and anterior skull base, closure of orbital defects, and soft-tissue augmentation of the face. Advantages of this reconstructive technique are the flap's proximity to the defects and its simplicity of execution.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Lateralized and widespread brain activation during transient blood pressure elevation revealed by magnetic resonance imaging.

The location and possible lateralization of structures mediating autonomic processing are not well-described in the human. Functional magnetic resonance imaging procedures were used to demonstrate signal changes in multiple brain sites during blood pressure challenges. Magnetic resonance signals in brain tissue were visualized with a 1.5 Tesla scanner in 11 healthy volunteers (22-37 years), by using echo-planar procedures. Images were collected during baseline states and three pressor challenges: cold application to the hand or forehead, and a Valsalva maneuver. Image values from experimental conditions were compared with corresponding baseline values on a voxel-by-voxel basis to identify brain regions responsive to physiologic activation. Probability maps (P < 0.01) of voxel changes, with Bonferroni corrections for multiple comparisons, were determined, and amplitude of signal changes associated with significance maps were pseudocolored and overlaid on anatomic images. The time courses and extent of signal alterations in defined unilateral regions were followed and compared with changes in corresponding regions on the contralateral side. Pressor challenges elicited significant regional signal intensity changes within the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex, temporal cortex, amygdala, hippocampal formation, thalamus, and hypothalamus. Cerebellar, midbrain, and pontine areas were also recruited. Signal changes, especially at forebrain sites, were often highly lateralized. The findings indicate that (1) transient, behaviorally-coupled cardiovascular challenges elicit discrete activity changes over multiple brain sites, and (2) these activity changes, especially in specific prefrontal and temporal forebrain regions and cerebellum, are often expressed unilaterally, even to a bilateral challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

New cases of Bohring-Opitz syndrome, update, and critical review of the literature.

We report on four additional unrelated cases of Bohring-Opitz syndrome with the highly characteristic phenotype of facial anomalies including bulging forehead over the metopic suture, frontal nevus flammeus, exophthalmos, hypertelorism, upslanting palpebral fissures, and cleft lip and/or palate, as well as flexion deformities of the upper limbs, multiple other anomalies, and severe failure to thrive. We also update the clinical outcome of the patients reported in the original article by Bohring et al. [Am J Med Genet 85:438-446] and critically review the subsequently published cases considered to have Bohring-Opitz syndrome.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2004

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma (CD4+ CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm).

We describe fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology findings of a case of blastic natural killer (NK)-cell lymphoma. The patient was a 68-year-old man who was diagnosed with cutaneous blastic NK-cell lymphoma involving his forehead. He developed a 1.5 cm, right pre-auricular lymph node five months later. FNA cytology revealed a monomorphic population of medium-sized lymphoid cells with a dispersed single cell arrangement. The tumor cells contained eccentrically located nuclei with a plasmacytoloid appearance and moderate amount of grayish cytoplasm without azurophilic granules. The nuclei were round to oval with fine chromatin, small indistinct nucleoli, and frequent nuclear indentation. Many cells also showed elongated cytoplasm with a unique hand-mirror or ping-pong paddle-like appearance. The flow cytometry study obtained during the FNA revealed co-expression of CD4 and CD56 in the tumor cells that confirm the recurrence of a blastic NK-cell lymphoma to the pre-auricular lymph node.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Browplasty as an adjunct to rhinoplasty.

Brow modifications are discussed with respect to their role as aids in achieving certain aesthetic effects when rhinoplasty is being performed. If a deep nasofrontal angle should not be brought forward, reduction of the brow may be indicated. If the nasofrontal angle should not be retrodisplaced to deepen a shallow angle, brow augmentation may prove helpful in separating the nose from the forehead or in making the nose appear shorter in the vertical dimension. Augmentation and reduction browplastic techniques are discussed, and selected methods are illustrated. Some involve additional resection of frontal bone or procerus muscle at the time of nasal-hump removal. Others employ grafts of bone and/or cartilage removed from the nose at the time of septorhinoplasty. The versatile aesthetic surgeon should be capable of changing all structures adjacent to the nose. Certain difficult cosmetic problems are best treated by directing appropriate attention to these structures and to the nose rather than by concentrating on the nose alone. That the brow is one of these important abutting landmarks is demonstrated.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A craniofacial approach to advanced recurrent cancer of the central face.

Recurrent penetrating midface cancer results from basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, and chondrogenic and osteogenic sarcoma. In the past, surgical resection frequently resulted in meningitis. A combined neurosurgical and plastic surgical craniofacial approach has been used for total resection of these lesions. The floor of the anterior cranial fossa has been reconstructed with an extended glabellar flap incorporating a forehead Z-plasty. Over the past 2-and-a-half years, 10 patients have been operated on successfully. Five cases with a follow-up of over 2 years are presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical refinements of the hairline in hair transplant surgery.

A hairline placed too low on the forehead is the most common error in hair transplant surgery, and misdirection of grafts is the second most common. Correction of these and other errors in this subtle surgery is difficult and challenges the surgeon's artistic talents. In most cases, a natural appearance can be achieved.

Esthetics↗
PubMed2006

A new modified method for nasal lining: the Menick technique for folded lining.

Traditional lining techniques such as prefabricated flaps, hinge-over flaps, or second local flaps for lining are thick, stiff, or poorly vascularized. Support grafts have traditionally been placed incompletely or secondarily. Intranasal lining flaps have revolutionized reconstruction but are complex, tedious, and destructive to the residual nose. More recently, the forehead skin has been transferred for cover as a full thickness flap in three stages. It has allowed the modification of the traditional folded flap technique for lining to permit a simple, efficient, and widely useful method of lining replacement for common defects. Thin, supple, vascular lining is combined with delayed primary cartilage grafts to provide excellent functional and cosmetic results.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Achieving symmetry in browplasty.

As is well known by facial plastic surgeons, the browplasty serves to augment the favorable aesthetic effect of blepharoplasty as well as delay or reduce the effect on the forehead that the ptotic brow creates in compensatory elevation. A method of achieving postoperative symmetry in performing direct browplasty is described utilizing: direct measurement of the amount of preoperative ptosis; and known anatomic reference points in which to correlate these measurements on the face. The surgical technique involving a layered plastic closure is also described in order to further obtain the most desirable postoperative result.

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1993

Circadian variation in peripheral blood flow in relation to core temperature at rest.

The aim of the present study was to examine the circadian variation in skin blood flow and its relationship to the rhythm of rectal temperature. Eight young men were confined to continuous bed rest for 24 h in a thermoneutral environment. Rectal temperature, oxygen consumption, and peripheral blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry and plethysmography) were measured at intervals of 2 h, except at 2400 hours and 0600 hours. According to the cosinor-method, the mean rectal temperature displayed a statistically significant circadian variation with a minimum at 0400 hours. A significant circadian rhythm was also observed in total finger blood flow, finger laser-Doppler flow, and forearm laser-Doppler flow, but not in total forearm blood flow and forehead laser-Doppler flow. The rhythms of rectal temperature and extremity skin blood flow were phased differently, i.e. the decrease in rectal temperature was preceded by an increase in extremity skin blood flow with an average of 4-h time difference. The results would support the idea that circadian rhythm of core temperature is, at least in part, regulated by variation in extremity skin blood flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Vector analysis of auditory brain stem responses (BSR) in human beings.

The purpose of the present study is to clarify the origins of BSRs. We recorded BSR by three ortho-diagonal leads (X-axis: right ear canal to left ear canal, Y-axis: vertex to submental position, Z-axis; forehead to inion). We studied the waveforms on each of the three planes: frontal, sagittal, and horizontal and analysed their vectors on the basis of Lissajous'figures. Lissajous'figures revealed the following: (1) The vector of wave I is almost horizontal and is directed towards the non-stimulated side. (2) Wave II seems to be derived from the cochlear nuclei and double firings of the auditory nerves. (3) Wave III represents the activities of the circuits of the auditory pathways in the brain stem. (4) The vector of Wave V is the largest of the five responses, and is directed towards the fronto-parietal region, tilting slightly to the non-stimulated side.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Core temperature thresholds for hyperpnea during passive hyperthermia in humans.

Humans have higher ventilation when they are hyperthermic but it is not known whether core temperature thresholds for ventilation exist, nor has a physiological rationale been presented for this response. To examine this question, ventilation was studied in relation to core temperatures in humans rendered hyperthermic in a warm bath. Seven subjects [mean (SE), 23.3 (1.4) years] wearing only shorts and a thick felt hat with ear flaps were immersed to the neck in a bath at 41 (0.5) degrees C for 25 min. Tympanic (Tty), esophageal (Tes), thigh skin and forehead skin temperatures, heart rate, inspired minute ventilation (V1 at body temperature and pressure, saturated), ventilation frequency and oxygen consumption (VO2 at standard temperature and pressure, dry) were recorded at 30-s intervals. At immersion V1 briefly increased to 18.6 (3.0) l.min-1, returned to about the pre-immersion value, and significantly increased to 19.3 (3.0) l.min-1 by the end of immersion. VO2 increased significantly from the pre-immersion value of 0.27 l.min-1 to 0.67 l.min-1 by the first 0.5 min of immersion, but then returned to its pre-immersion value. Tty increased to 38.7 (0.2) degrees C and Tes increased to 39.0 (0.2) degrees C by the end of immersion. Core temperature thresholds for increases in V1 were evident at 38.1 degrees C when expressed against Tty and at 38.5 degrees C when expressed against Tes. The results indicated that during body warming core temperature thresholds for V1 are reached and subsequently a hyperpnea was evident, despite VO2 remaining at a resting value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Is the excretion of sebum regulated?

The kinetics of sebum excretion on the forehead of volunteers were measured over a period of at least 7 h. The transmission data obtained by the ground glass method were transformed into weight (sebum/cm2). The excretion time function can be described by the equation: w = A . (1 - B . e -C.t). This nonlinear function is typical for modes of excretion in the biological field. Regulation of sebum excretion is probable. Objections against such regulation by feedback were discussed.

Feedback↗
PubMed1978

Role of incentives in the training of the frontal EMG relaxation response.

Male college students were assigned to a feedback condition in which an auditory signal was correlated with forehead electromyographic (EMG) responses or to a control condition in which a constant low tone was provided. Within each condition, half of the subjects were provided with an incentive for successful reductions of EMG levels from session to session. In the control condition incentives were actually given on the basis of performance of yoked feedback partners. The remaining subjects in each condition (no incentive) were instructed that the incentive was available for reliable participation in the experiment. Feedback subjects acquired lower EMG levels than control subjects, and the yoked-incentive subjects acquired lower levels than no-incentive subjects in the control condition. There were no major differences in EMG levels attributable to locus of control orientation. The results are discussed mainly in terms of implications of incentive variables for reinforcement analyses of biofeedback effects and the validity of the locus of control construct in this application.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Expectancies of reinforcement control in biofeedback and cognitive performance.

This study investigated the effects of expectancies concerning the controllability of outcomes in a biofeedback task. Forty-eight college undergraduates were subjects. Frontal (forehead) electromyographic (EMG) responses were measured during baseline (no treatment), pretreatment, and test sessions. During pretreatment, subjects were assigned to one of three groups. Using a fictitious blood vessel control task, the success group received false feedback and instructions that conveyed that outcomes had been successfully controlled. The failure group received feedback and instructions that conveyed that outcomes had not been controlled. A control group was given no specific task. During the subsequent test stage, all subjects were asked to reduce frontal muscle tension levels through relaxation while assisted with true EMG feedback. Relative to the success and control groups. EMG levels of the failure group reflected more rapid acquisition of frontal muscle relaxation. However, performance on a cognitive task was not affected by the pretreatment. It was concluded that expectancies generated during the false feedback pretreatment were related to later biofeedback performance. The results were discussed in terms of concepts of locus of control and theories of learned helplessness and reactance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of stress imagery on arousal and its implications for biofeedback of the frontalis muscles.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the frontal muscles of the forehead during the imagination of an individualized stress situation reflect general arousal. Physiological arousal and subjective feelings of tension were measured during a stress and a relaxing imaginative situation, utilizing a counterbalanced design. Frontalis EMG during stress imagination was raised and was paralleled by more reported tension, elevated skin conductance, and trends toward increments in heart rate and respiration rate. The raised frontalis EMG can be seen as a consequence of the greater effort spent in the stress imaginative situation than in the relaxing one. This experiment supports an important assumption of the clinical application of frontalis EMG biofeedback to stress-related disorders. Other assumptions still remain to be examined.

Adolescent↗