Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Fitting”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Obesity, fitness, willingness to communicate and health care costs.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and low levels of physical fitness are independently associated with a variety of diseases and disorders. These conditions are modifiable and affect health care utilization. The degree to which these health risks are modifiable is directly related to the readiness of individuals to change the underlying behaviors. This study analyzes the relationship between health care costs, obesity, physical fitness, and willingness to communicate. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that willingness to communicate is directly associated with an individual's readiness to change behavior. METHODS: Multiple regression was used to estimate the relationship between adverse behavioral health outcomes, willingness to communicate, and annualized health care costs incurred over a period of 33 months before the completion of a health risk assessment survey in an employed population enrolled in a Midwestern managed care organization (N = 8822). RESULTS: High body mass index (BMI), low physical fitness (predicted VO2max), and greater willingness to communicate were directly and significantly (P < 0.05) associated with higher health care costs. Relative to low-risk, annualized health care costs for each of the high-risk factors were 8% higher for BMI (rate ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.15), 10% higher for low predicted VO2max (rate ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.18), and 22% higher for willingness to communicate (rate ratio, 1.22, 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.30). The association between these health risks and health care costs was independent of age, sex, age-sex interaction, role-mental and role-physical limitations, and nine chronic conditions. Furthermore, willingness to communicate was directly related to a greater readiness to change behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity and low physical fitness is high, and these health risks are directly related to health care costs. Willingness of health plan members to communicate around health improvement opportunities appears greatest among those who incur higher costs, and these patients also have more favorable readiness to change profiles. Effective, proactive population-based health improvement efforts appear to have significant potential for positive economic impact.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Metabolic clustering, physical activity and fitness in nonsmoking, middle-aged men.

PURPOSE: The relationship of both physical activity and predicted maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) with the clustering of metabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS) was examined within 711 employed middle-aged (46.9 +/- 7.8 yr) men. METHODS: Metabolic markers included fasting glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and BMI, defined by highest risk quintiles or clinically relevant risk thresholds. RESULTS: The prevalence and age-adjusted odds ratios of all MS clusters were inversely graded across both higher physical activity index (PAI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) categories. The age-adjusted odds ratio for the clustering of clinically relevant metabolic markers was 0.60 (95% CI 0.22-1.22) for subjects in the occasional/light PAI, 0.32 (95% CI 0.12-0.82) for the moderate/moderately vigorous PAI, and 0.13 (95% CI 0.02-1.02) for the vigorous PAI when compared with subjects in the sedentary PAI (P < 0.05 for trend). The corresponding age-adjusted odds ratio was 0.28 (95% CI 0.14-0.57) for subjects in the moderate fitness category and 0.12 (95% CI 0.05-0.32) for the highest fitness category compared with those in the lowest fitness category (P < 0.001 for trend). Higher levels of physical activity or CRF were also associated with significantly lower age-adjusted odds ratios for the MS after exclusion of obesity in the MS definition. CONCLUSION: Overall, these cross-sectional results suggest that higher physical activity and predicted VO2max levels are associated with a decreased clustering of risk factors associated with the MS in middle-aged men of higher social class.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Nutrient intake of physically fit and unfit men and women.

OBJECTIVE: Participation in physical activity and following a diet low in fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol and high in fiber are important in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease and other health problems. Despite the importance of both behaviors, little is known about the interactive role of diet and physical activity. The association between physical activity and diet has been studied, but data on the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), which is an objective measure of habitual physical activity, and diet are lacking in adults. This report examines nutrient intakes of men and women across low, moderate, and high fitness categories and compares the intakes to national dietary recommendations. It is the first step in examining the relationship between diet, CRF, and morbidity and mortality endpoints in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS). METHODS: Between 1987 and 1995, 7959 men and 2453 women participating in the ACLS provided 3-d diet records and completed a preventive medical examination. CRF was measured using a maximal exercise test, anthropometric and other clinical variables were measured following a standardized protocol, and lifestyle factors were assessed with a medical history questionnaire. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a significantly lower percent of energy from fat and saturated fat across low, moderate, and high CRF categories. With additional adjustment for total energy intake, there was a significantly higher dietary fiber intake and a significantly lower cholesterol intake across CRF categories. The percentage of men and women meeting national dietary recommendations was higher at higher CRF levels. CONCLUSIONS: Men and women with higher fitness levels consumed diets that more closely approached national dietary recommendations than their lower fit peers.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

VO(2) reserve and the minimal intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness.

PURPOSE: The American College of Sports Medicine has stated that aerobic training needs to occur at a minimum threshold intensity of 50% VO(2max) for most healthy adults and at 40% VO(2max) for those with a very low initial fitness. Recently, the concept of VO(2) reserve (%VO(2R), i.e., a percentage of the difference between maximum and resting VO(2)) has been introduced for prescribing exercise intensity. This analysis was designed to determine the threshold intensity for improving cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as %VO(2R) units. METHODS: Previous studies in healthy subjects (N = 18) that evaluated the results of training at low-to-moderate intensities (i.e., < or = 60% VO(2max)) were identified. The original studies described the intensity of exercise variously as %VO(2max), %HRR, %HR(max), or as a specific HR value. In each case, the intensity was translated into %VO(2R) units. RESULTS: Exercise training intensities below approximately 45% VO(2R) were consistently ineffective at increasing VO(2max) in studies that used subjects with mean initial VO(2max) values > 40 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1). In studies using subjects with mean initial VO(2max) values < 40 mL x min(-1) x kg(-1), no intensity was found to be ineffective. For this latter group of subjects, the lowest intensities examined were approximately 30% VO(2R). CONCLUSION: Although evidence for a threshold intensity was not strong, this analysis of training studies supports the use of 45% VO(2R) as a minimal effective training intensity for higher fit subjects and 30% VO(2R) for lower fit subjects.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

Feasibility of fitting contact lenses with apical clearance in keratoconus.

Despite the wide variety of rigid contact lens fitting philosophies for the visual correction of keratoconus, questions remain, including which approach-flat, divided support, or steep-contributes the most toward the preservation of a clear cornea. One goal of the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Pilot Study was to determine the feasibility of managing early keratoconus patients with apical clearance rigid contact lenses. Of 30 keratoconus patients identified with at least 1 nonscarred cornea, 17 patients (30 eyes) were randomly assigned to a steep lens fitting protocol. After trial fitting with a standardized lens design demonstrating minimum apical clearance, lenses were dispensed whose base curve was 0.2 mm steeper than the minimum apical clearance lens. Patients were re-evaluated on a quarterly schedule concluding at 12 months. Changes in keratometry between baseline and 12 months identified unequal steepening of the flat and steep corneal curvatures, suggestive of corneal molding. Best corrected rigid lens visual acuity measures illustrated no significant changes over the course of the study. Clinically significant corneal compromise was transiently observed in some patients. Only 1 of 22 eyes completing the pilot study and fitted with apical clearance developed mild corneal scarring.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical workload decreases the level of aerobic fitness in housestaff physicians.

PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between clinical workload and aerobic fitness. METHODS: Twenty healthy intern and resident volunteers were studied in a cross over manner to compare their aerobic fitness after a 1 month "easy" clinical rotation (ECR) to that after a 1 month "hard" clinical rotation (HCR). The ECR and HCR were prospectively estimated as requiring <60 (ECR) and >70 (HCR) total hours per week of hospital work respectively. Aerobic fitness was determined by directly measuring peak oxygen uptake (peakVO2) during peak cycle exercise testing after each rotation. Clinical workload for the month preceding the exercise test was estimated by documenting the amount of hospital work and sleep lost because of on-call duties. The average weekly amount of effective aerobic training for each rotation was also documented. RESULTS: Trainees had a 206.4 (P = 0.0019, 95% CI 94-318.8) mL/min or 3 mL/kg/min (P = 0.0019, 95% CI 1.5-4.4) improvement of peakVO2 after the ECR compared with the HCR. Trainees averaged 1 (95% CI 0.16-1.81) less hour per week of exercise training, 34.1 more hours per week of hospital work (95% CI 23.0-45.3, P < 0.0001) and lost 19.1 hours more sleep per month (95% CI 11.8-26.4, p < 0.0001) during the HCR compared with the ECR. There was no correlation between changes in peakVO2 and changes in exercise training between the two rotations. CONCLUSION: Clinical workload seems to adversely affect aerobic fitness independent of changes in exercise training. This supports previous less-objective survey data.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of single set resistance training on strength and functional fitness in pulmonary rehabilitation patients.

PURPOSE: The primary goal of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is for patients to achieve and maintain their maximum level of independence and functioning in the community. Traditional PR uses a predominantly aerobic/endurance approach to rehabilitation with little or no inclusion of exercises to increase strength. Few studies have investigated the impact of resistance training on PR despite growing evidence supporting its efficacy to improve physical function (functional fitness) in both healthy individuals and those with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of single-set resistance training on strength and functional fitness outcomes in PR patients. METHODS: Twenty PR patients, 60 to 81 years old, were randomly assigned to an 8-week endurance-based PR program (ET) or an ET plus resistance training program (RT). RESULTS: Strength increased in RT (P < .05) and decreased in ET for both upper and lower body. Functional fitness improved (P < .05) in 5 of 7 tests for RT compared with 2 tests for ET. CONCLUSIONS: Single set RT can elicit significant improvements in both strength and functional fitness, which is not obtained by traditional PR alone. Our results are comparable to other studies with similar outcomes using multiple-set RT protocols. These findings may have important implications for program design, application, and adherence in PR.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The effectiveness of worksite physical activity programs on physical activity, physical fitness, and health.

OBJECTIVE: To critically review the literature with respect to the effectiveness of worksite physical activity programs on physical activity, physical fitness, and health. DATA SOURCES: A search for relevant English-written papers published between 1980 and 2000 was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sportdiscus, CINAHL, and Psychlit. The key words used involved a combination of concepts regarding type of study, study population, intervention, and outcome measure. In addition, a search was performed in our personal databases, as well as a reference search of the studies retrieved. STUDY SELECTION: The following criteria for inclusion were used: 1) randomized, controlled trial or nonrandomized, controlled trial; 2) working population; 3) worksite intervention program to promote employees' physical activity or physical fitness; and 4) physical activity, physical fitness, or health-related outcomes. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of relevant studies using a predefined set of nine methodological criteria. Conclusions regarding the effectiveness of a worksite physical activity programs were based on a rating system consisting of five levels of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: Fifteen randomized, controlled trials and 11 nonrandomized, controlled trials met the criteria for inclusion and were reviewed. Six randomized, controlled trials and none of the nonrandomized, controlled trials were of high methodological quality. Strong evidence was found for a positive effect of a worksite physical activity program on physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders. Limited evidence was found for a positive effect on fatigue. For physical fitness, general health, blood serum lipids, and blood pressure, inconclusive or no evidence was found for a positive effect. CONCLUSIONS: To increase the level of physical activity and to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders, we support implementation of worksite physical activity programs. For the other outcome measures, scientific evidence of the effectiveness of such a program is still limited or inconclusive, which is mainly the result of the small number of high-quality trials. Therefore, we recommend performing more randomized, controlled trials of high methodological quality, taking into account criteria such as randomization, blinding, and compliance.

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1993

Physical fitness, age, and injury incidence in infantry soldiers.

Injuries are a common occurrence in young, active civilian and military populations. This study examined injury incidence and the association of musculoskeletal injuries with age and physical fitness in soldiers. Subjects were a cohort of 298 male soldiers assigned to an infantry battalion in Alaska. The soldiers' ages were obtained from the battalion records and their physical fitness was assessed from 2-mile run times, sit-ups, and push-ups. Injuries were documented from a retrospective review of the soldiers' medical records for a 6-month period (October to March) before the fitness testing. Fifty-one percent of the soldiers suffered one or more injuries. The most common injury diagnosis was musculoskeletal pain, followed by strains, sprains, and cold-related injuries. Soldiers experienced a total of 212 separate injuries, which resulted in 1764 days of limited duty. The crude annualized injury rate was 142 injuries per 100 soldiers (one soldier could experience more than one type of injury). The proportion of soldiers injured decreased as age increased. Slower 2-mile run times and fewer sit-ups were associated with a higher incidence of musculoskeletal injuries. This study documents the injury incidence in infantry soldiers and identifies younger age and low physical fitness as potential risk factors for these injuries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1995

Are employees who are at risk for cardiovascular disease joining worksite fitness centers?

To effectively serve disease prevention purposes, worksite fitness centers need to attract a large proportion of eligible employees who are at risk for CVD. The results of studies linking risk factor status and the propensity to join worksite fitness centers have been inconsistent and, to a certain extent, methodologically flawed. This study prospectively follows 294 newly hired employees at a large insurance company in the Midwest. Risk factor status was determined during their orientation week. It was then determined if the employees joined the fitness center during their first year of employment. Results indicate that, overall, risk factor status had little impact on employees' decisions to join the worksite fitness center. However, two of the risk factors (being 20% or more overweight and having elevated systolic blood pressure) had opposite influences on the decisions of male and female employees.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of an employee fitness program on reduced absenteeism.

The effect of participation in an employee fitness program on reduction of absenteeism due to illness on three different worksites (police force, chemical industry, banking) was studied. The study used a longitudinal pretest-posttest design. From 884 subjects, data were collected on absenteeism in the pre-intervention year and on absenteeism in the first year of the fitness program. The subjects were divided into three groups: high participation, low participation, and no participation in the employee fitness program. Results of covariance analyses show that the high participation group had a significant decline in sick days (4.8 days), while the low and no participation groups showed no change in sick days. Even when self-selection in the participation in an employee fitness program seems to be present, there is potentially for a great deal to be gained from participation of this self-selected group in terms of changed sick days.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1999

Improving readiness and fitness of the active military force through occupational medicine tenets.

The United States Military deploys its forces with minimal lead time. These forces must be medically qualified and physically fit for any locale and mission scenario. Historically, up to half of the force identified for deployment at any given time were not medically qualified. Matching individuals to specific occupations using validated medical and physical performance standards is an occupational medicine tenet that increases the effectiveness and efficiency of the workforce. To establish a cost-effective, valid medical program ensuring a fit and ready force, the military must: (1) develop validated physical fitness/occupational standards; (2) consolidate one fitness standard for males/females on the basis of workload requirements; (3) eliminate differing age standards; (4) provide statistically relevant medical screening, testing for health maintenance, and fitness for duty; and (5) mandate one joint medical standard for all military services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Bitoric rigid contact lens with prism fitting in rare cases of moderate corneal and residual astigmatism.

We reviewed all records of bitoric rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses with prism ballast fittings performed at Tulane University Hospital and affiliated clinics from 1985 to 1993. We found eight eyes of six patients fit were fit with this lens, which is indicated for the patient with a moderately astigmatic cornea in addition to residual refractive astigmatism. In this design, a small amount of prism is added to a standard bitoric design to achieve rotational stability. All patients achieved 20/25 or better vision. We provide an outline for fitting bitoric RGP contact lenses with prism ballast.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

RK4 (reverse-geometry) contact lens fitting after penetrating keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the performance of the RK4 (reverse-geometry) contact lens in patients with flat central and steep peripheral corneal topography after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of post-PK patients fitted with RK4 lenses on the Cornea Service at Wills Eye Hospital, between March 2000 and February 2002. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes of 13 post-PK patients were fitted with RK4 lenses and monitored for more than two months (range, 2.1-23.5 months; mean, 8.1 +/- 7.0 months). The average number of lens refits per eye was 1.0 +/- 1.2 (range, 0-4). Ninety-three percent (14/15) of the eyes that were fitted achieved at least 20/30 visual acuity, and 53% (8/15) of eyes achieved 20/20 visual acuity. A comparison of prefitted and post-fitted corrected visual acuity demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.01). RK4 lenses were successfully worn full time or part time in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The RK4 lens can provide well-tolerated visual correction in cases with central flat, peripheral steep corneal contour following PK.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Nomogram for spherical RGP contact lens fitting in patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD).

PURPOSE: To present a nomogram for spherical rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lens fitting in patients with pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD). METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of 24 patients diagnosed with PMCD who underwent an RGP contact lens trial at the Bausch & Lomb contact lens center between April 1995 and March 2002 at L.V. Prasad Eye Institute in Hyderabad, India. Data collected included age and sex of patients, duration of presenting symptoms, associated ocular conditions, presenting visual acuity, and degree of astigmatism. For the purpose of analysis, the astigmatism was classified into four groups: group 1, less than 5.00 diopters (D); group 2, 5.00 to 10.00D; group 3, 10.00 to 15.00D; and group 4, 15.00 to 20.00D. The final lens parameters, the patient's comfort level, and the duration of follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 24 patients were fitted with RGP contact lenses during the study period. Sixteen were male patients and eight were female patients. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 59 years, with a mean of 35.5 years. Twenty-two (91.7%) patients had typical inferior PMCD, whereas the other two (8.3%) had superior PMCD. The mean corneal curvature was 7.1 mm (range, 5.9-7.8 mm) in group 1, 6.9 mm (range, 6.6-7.9 mm) in group 2, 7.5 mm (range, 6.5-7.8 mm) in group 3, and 7.9 mm (range, 6.8-7.8 mm) in group 4. The mean base curve of the final fitting lens was 6.3 mm (range, 5.7-7.8 mm) in group 1, 6.8 mm (range, 5.9-7.8 mm) in group 2, 7.5 mm (range, 6-8.2 mm) in group 3, and 7.2 mm (range, 6.6-7.8 mm) in group 4. The mean lens diameter of the final fitting lens was 8.7 mm (range, 8.6-10.6 mm) in group 1, 9.5 mm (range, 8.8-10.5 mm) in group 2, 10.2 mm (range, 8.8-11.5 mm) in group 3, and 10.4 mm (range, 8.8-11.3 mm) in group 4. The common fluorescein patterns were central touch with midcentral peripheral pooling in 14 (35%) and dumbbell pattern in seven (17.%). The final visual acuity range with an RGP lens in the four astigmatism groups was 20/40 to 20/20 in group 1, 20/30 to 20/20 in group 2, 20/40 to 20/20 in group 3, and 20/200 to 20/50 in group 4. Twenty-one patients were comfortable with an RGP lens, and the mean duration of follow-up was 13 months. Three patients discontinued lens wear. In one patient, the lens was not stable, and the other two experienced discomfort with their lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Spherical rigid gas-permeable lenses are a good option for patients even with advanced PMCD. In patients with astigmatism of less than 10D, a lens with a base curve of 6.0 to 7.0 mm and a diameter of 8.0 to 9.5 mm seems to be a good initial lens for trial, and for patients with astigmatism of more than 10D, a lens with a base curve of 7.0 to 7.5 mm and a diameter of 10.0 to 10.5 mm seems to be a good initial lens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Clinical performance and fitting characteristics with a multicurve lens for keratoconus.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome and fitting characteristics with a multicurve lens for keratoconus in a Korean population. METHODS: Sixty eyes with keratoconus were fit with a multicurve lens based on topographic index and fluorescein pattern on slitlamp biomicroscopy. Three-point touch was applied in 59 eyes, and apical clearance was adopted in an eye with a persistent epithelial defect. The mean follow-up was 11.4 months. Visual acuity, comfort, glare, daily contact lens-wearing time, and the changes in topographic indices after fitting were evaluated. The relationship between base curve radius (BCR) and topographic indices were analyzed along with the relationship between BCR and peripheral curve radius. RESULTS: A total of 71.6% of the eyes achieved a visual acuity of 20/30 or better. Flatter BCR was related to better visual acuity. Ninety-four percent of the patients tolerated the fitting, and 85% of them reported complete comfort. The mean daily wearing time was 11.9 hours. Four eyes reported glare. The change of Sim K during follow-up was not statistically significant. Prefitting Sim Kmax and average Sim K were significantly related to the BCR. Mean differences between the BCR and first peripheral curve radius were 1.06 +/- 0.21 mm with a BCR less than 6.00 mm and 0.81 +/- 0.2 mm with a BCR greater than 6.00 mm. These differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Customization with the multicurve lens enabled patients with keratoconus to wear the contact lens comfortably and seemed not to aggravate the progression of keratoconus. Sim Kmax and the relationship between BCR and first peripheral curve radius seem to be useful information to optimize performance of the multicurve lens.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed2006

Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity: contributions to disease risk.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To discuss assessing physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity in the context of examining their prospective joint associations with mortality in cohort studies. RECENT FINDINGS: Accurate and comprehensive assessment of free-living physical activity patterns and related energy expenditure is difficult. Cardiorespiratory fitness is a reproducible measure associated with recent physical activity patterns; however, its assessment has been considered impractical in epidemiologic studies. Likewise, objective measures of adiposity and fat distribution often are not feasible in large studies. Thus, physical activity and adiposity exposures typically are quantified using self-reports of physical activity habits and of height and weight to compute body mass index. When considered jointly, adults with higher levels of fitness or reported physical activity tend to have lower mortality risk than their unfit and inactive peers within the same body mass index group. SUMMARY: Accumulating evidence suggests that higher physical activity or fitness attenuates the health risks of obesity. Available data largely are based on crude measures of physical activity and body habitus, which may obscure their association with disease risk. Accurate measures must be included in epidemiologic studies to improve estimation of the independent and joint associations of these exposures with health outcomes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2006

Effect of physical fitness on prosthetic ambulation in elderly amputees.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the physical fitness and prosthetic ambulation ability of high-level (hip disarticulation, transfemoral) lower-limb amputees aged 60 and above, and to investigate the level of fitness required for successful prosthetic ambulation. DESIGN: The test subjects were 49 amputees aged 60 and above. Subjects were permitted to use any necessary ambulatory aids and were asked to walk at their most comfortable walking speed for evaluation of prosthetic ambulation ability. An incremental exercise test was performed to evaluate physical fitness. RESULTS: The average %VO(2max) value for the successful user group was 64.4%, and the average %VO(2max) value for the failed user group was 44.8%, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Of the amputees with %VO(2max) > or =50, 93.7% were in the successful user group. Of the amputees with %VO(2max) <50, only 23.5% were in the successful user group. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the ability to sustain an exercise intensity of > or =50%VO(2max) can be regarded as a guideline value for the level of fitness required for successful prosthetic ambulation in elderly amputees.

Aged↗