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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Persistence of the protective immunity to Schistosoma japonicum in Chinese yellow cattle induced by recombinant 26kDa glutathione-S-transferase (reSjc26GST).

To observe the long lasting effect of the recombinant Sj26GST sub-unit vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum in cattle, animals aged from 5 to 12 months were vaccinated with reSjc26GST, and were challenged by natural infection 6 months or 12 months after vaccination. Worm burdens per cattle and egg burden in tissue (per gram) of cattle with or without vaccination were compared. The results showed that anti-reSjc26GST antibodies were produced in vaccinated cattle. Following natural infection, the vaccinated and the control non-vaccinated cattle were all found to be infected with S. japonicum. A 30% reduction in worm number was observed in the vaccinated cattle when compared with the control cattle. The anti-fecundity effect was characterized by an average of 60% decrease in eggs deposited in the liver of vaccinated cattle; such a decrease is obviously very significant. In addition to the anti-fecundity effect induced in the vaccinated cattle, the number of miracidum hatched per 50 g faeces and the number of eggs released in intestinal tissues per gram were reduced or decreased. Results suggested that the immune responses induced by reSjc26GST in cattle were similar to that in buffaloes and in pigs. In addition, our result demonstrated that the lasting effect of immunity to S. japonicum induced in cattle after vaccination with reSjc 26 GST could persist at least 12 months.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Experimental concurrent infection of sheep with Oestrus ovis and Trichostrongylus colubriformis: effects of antiparasitic treatments on interactions between parasite populations and blood eosinophilic responses.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine if an earlier infection with Oestrus ovis would down regulate an infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis when the larvae of O. ovis were expelled from the nasal cavities of sheep by a specific treatment. Three groups of five lambs were used: group 1 was artificially infected with O. ovis larvae and later with T. colubriformis, group 2 received O. ovis larvae and later was treated with ivermectin 14 days before being infected with T. colubriformis. Group 3 was infected with T. colubriformis only. The criteria examined were: the effects on nematode egg excretion, worm fecundity, nematode burdens and the kinetics of blood eosinophils. Significant decreases of nematode egg excretion, worm fecundity, nematode burdens were observed in group 1 compared to group 3. However, no changes were observed in either group 2 or 3. In group 2 it was noted that antiparasitic treatment induced a rapid decrease in blood eosinophils to a range close to the non-infected control group and this was associated with the removal of the down regulation effects of nematode burdens. This experiment showed that there is no cross immunity between O. ovis and T. colubriformis and that eosinophils may act against any parasite without specific priming.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of water treatment sludges toxicity using the Daphnia bioassay.

Alum and ferric chloride sludges from two water treatment plants (WTPs) were analyzed regarding their physicochemical characteristics and toxicity to Daphnia similis. Experiments were carried out in the dry and rainy seasons. Acute and chronic toxicity was measured using survival and reproduction as measurement endpoints. No acute toxicity of the sludge was observed in 48 h exposure. Ferric chloride sludge caused chronic toxicity, demonstrated by low fecundity and some mortality, while alum sludge caused chronic toxicity characterized by low fecundity. Some sludge characteristics varied between samplings, including turbidity, solids contents, N, P and metal (Al and Fe) concentrations. These variables and the increase of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were identified as the main cause of degradation of the receiving waters. However, no relationship was observed between these variables and degree of toxicity. It is apparent from these results that water treatment sludges may be toxic and therefore may impair receiving waters. Alum sludge was less toxic than ferric chloride sludge.

Alum Compounds↗
PubMed1992

Significance of peritoneal macrophages on fertility in mice.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of peritoneal macrophages in infertility, we investigated how the presence of peritoneal macrophages would affect fecundity in mice. Moreover, we also studied the effects of interleukin-1 on embryonic development. STUDY DESIGN: Mice were administered OK-432 intraperitoneally to induce macrophage infiltration of the peritoneal cavity; ovulation was then induced and animals were mated. On day 13 of gestation, fetuses were counted. After injection of OK-432 or interleukin-1, the mice were mated. Three days later, embryos were collected and the stage of embryo development was determined. RESULTS: In mice given OK-432 (n = 33), four (12%) became pregnant and the mean litter number was 6.0 +/- 3.6, whereas in the control group 23 of 30 mice (77%; p < 0.01) became pregnant and the litter number was 14.1 +/- 5.3 (p < 0.01). OK-432 and interleukin-1 administered intraperitoneally significantly suppressed embryo development (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Increased numbers of peritoneal macrophages negatively affect fecundity, probably by suppressing embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Differences in hormonal characteristics of conceptive versus nonconceptive menstrual cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the hormonal characteristics of a fecund menstrual cycle. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Clinical research center. PATIENT(S): Fourteen patients having artificial insemination with donor semen provided daily blood and urine samples in a nonconceptive cycle and the consecutive conceptive cycle. INTERVENTION(S): Concentrations of E2, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and P4 were measured in serum. Urine samples were analyzed for metabolites of E2, P4, and FSH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The serum and urinary hormone profiles of the periovulatory period were compared in conceptive and nonconceptive cycles. RESULT(S): The mean peak value of periovulatory urinary FSH was significantly higher in conceptive cycles than in nonconceptive cycles. The mean serum E2 concentration was significantly higher on day 0 (day of peak urinary FSH concentration) in conceptive cycles than in nonconceptive cycles, but mean peak values of serum E2 did not differ significantly. No other significant differences were observed in serum and urinary hormone profiles between conceptive and nonconceptive cycles. CONCLUSION(S): A lower, broader peak of FSH in urine was observed in nonconceptive cycles compared with conceptive cycles. Urinary FSH measurements may be useful in predicting less fecund ovulatory cycles and may identify some types of reduced female fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Pregnancy rates following fimbriectomy reversal via neosalpingostomy: a 10-year retrospective analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To establish parameters associated with successful fimbriectomy reversal and to estimate monthly fecundability and cumulative pregnancy rates through life-table analysis. DESIGN: Series report. SETTING: University-based infertility clinic. PATIENT(S): Forty-one women undergoing surgery for tubal sterilization reversal. INTERVENTION(S): Surgical fimbriectomy reversal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Time from sterilization to reversal, laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, uni- vs. bilateral fimbriectomy reversal, Bruhat vs. suture, tubal lengths, postsurgical hysterosalpingogram, ovulation induction, incidence of pregnancy and outcome, and life-table analysis to determine pregnancy rate. RESULT(S): The mean time from sterilization to reversal was 11.5 years. Of the 41 women who underwent fimbriectomy reversal, 6 (14.6%) conceived. Sixteen reversals were performed by laparotomy resulting in 4 (25%) pregnancies, whereas 25 were performed laparoscopically resulting in 2 (8%) pregnancies. Eight had unilateral salpingostomies and 33 bilateral, of which 1 of 8 (12.5%) and 5 of 33 (15.2%) conceived, respectively. Using the Bruhat technique, 1 of 11 (9%) conceived vs. 5 of 30 (16.7%) that underwent reversal using sutures. The mean postoperative tubal length for the 6 women who conceived was 8 cm vs. 6.7 cm in the 35 women who did not conceive. Postoperatively, 26 women received ovulation induction and 1 (3.8%) conceived whereas 5 (33.3%) conceptions occurred in 15 women who did not require ovulation induction. Using life-table analysis with 619 postsurgical cycles, the monthly fecundability was.0097. The cumulative conception rate after 5 years was 31.2%. CONCLUSION(S): Neosalpingostomy for the reversal of fimbriectomy sterilization represents a viable option for fertility restoration. The best candidates for this procedure are spontaneously ovulatory and have a tubal length of more than 7 cm.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Seminal lead concentrations negatively affect outcomes of artificial insemination.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationships among seminal lead levels, acrosome status, and artificial insemination cycle fecundity (AI f) in semen donors. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of seminal lead levels, sperm function testing, and fecundity. SETTING: University medical center andrology and research laboratories. PATIENT(S): Semen donors (n = 15) participating in a therapeutic donor insemination program. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Seminal plasma lead levels, acrosome sensitivity to progesterone (P) and voltage-gated potassium channel inhibitors (e.g., charybdotoxin [CBTx]), and AI f. RESULT(S): Seminal plasma lead levels and AI f were strongly negatively correlated. Semen donors were divided into three groups by acrosome response to P: normal (CBTx sensitive [Rs] or CBTx resistant [Rr]: responders) and reduced (nonresponders [NR]) (Rs > Rr >> NR). Seminal lead differed among the three groups (NR > Rr > Rs). Comparison of 330 artificial insemination cycles from four Rs, four Rr, and two NR demonstrated that cycle AI f also differed significantly between groups (Rs >Rr >>NR). CONCLUSION(S): Measurements of seminal plasma lead, P-stimulated acrosome loss, and sensitivity to CBTx may provide prognostic information on the fertility status of potential donors as well as male infertility patients. Such evaluations may assist in donor acceptance, or in the case of patients, in selection of the appropriate treatment regimen.

Acrosome Reaction↗
PubMed2003

Ultrasound diagnosis of polycystic ovaries in women who have no symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome is not associated with subfecundity or subfertility.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect on fertility of the appearance of polycystic ovaries in women who have no symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Teaching hospitals in Hull, United Kingdom. PATIENT(S): Women with the appearance of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound and women with normal ovaries. INTERVENTION(S): A questionnaire about previous subfertility, pregnancies, menstrual pattern, features of polycystic ovary syndrome, gynecological history, and individual lifestyle factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Time to pregnancy (TTP) and relative risk (RR) of subfertility in symptomatic and asymptomatic subgroups of both groups. RESULT(S): Women with PCOs took longer TTP and were significantly less fertile if they were obese (RR = 2.6), had menstrual disturbances (RR = 4.6), hirsutism (RR = 2.5), and/or acne (RR = 2.7). Further reductions in fecundity occurred with an increasing number of symptoms (threefold, sevenfold, and 10-fold longer TTP with two, three, and four symptoms, respectively). The TTP of women with no symptoms was not significantly longer and they were not more likely to be subfertile than women with normal ovaries. These symptoms were not associated with significantly reduced fecundity in women with normal ovaries. CONCLUSION(S): The appearance of polycystic ovaries has been shown to have no significant impact on fertility in women with no symptoms. Appearances alone do not reflect the pathological features of polycystic ovary syndrome, and additional diagnostic criteria should be considered. Obesity, menstrual disturbances, and/or hyperandrogenism are factors associated with subfertility in women with polycystic ovaries.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1983

Pregnancy outcomes following Tompkins metroplasty.

Eighteen patients with poor reproductive histories and 2 patients with primary infertility underwent Tompkins metroplasty for a septate uterus. There were 19 pregnancies within 2 years of surgery, and 11 patients had at least 1 viable pregnancy, for an overall success rate of 55%. One of the infertile patients conceived and delivered. The average fecundability rate for the first 24 months was 0.078 (normal, 0.20). The cumulative pregnancy rate at 27 months was 94% by the life-table method. The group of patients (n = 14) with two or more losses and no other major risk factors for reproductive failure had higher fecundability and a better success rate (71%). The Tompkins metroplasty is a technically simple procedure with a success rate similar to that of the Jones procedure.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1984

Artificial donor insemination: fresh versus frozen semen; the patient as her own control.

The efficacies of fresh versus cryopreserved semen in the treatment of male factor infertility by artificial insemination by donor (AID) semen were directly compared by using the patient as her own control. In any one cycle, either fresh or frozen semen was used. The type of semen preparation was randomly assigned for the first cycle and varied thereafter according to donor availability. The same donor was used for a given patient in six consecutive cycles. We treated 381 patients in this way. In 676 cycles fresh semen was used and 128 pregnancies were achieved. Fecundability, the chance of getting pregnant per cycle of exposure, was 18.9% with fresh semen. In 1200 cycles cryopreserved semen was used and 60 pregnancies occurred, for a fecundability of 5.0%. Therefore, in our clinic, fresh semen is more than three times as likely to induce pregnancy as frozen semen. The design that has been used in this therapeutic protocol provides a technique for internal quality control of the cryopreservation process and for the investigation of other variables potentially affecting the success rates with AID.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Clinical characteristics of ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropins with and without leuprolide acetate in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) results in suboptimal cycle fecundity and frequently is complicated by ovarian hyperstimulation. The use of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone agonist (Gn-RH-a) with hMG induction of ovulation may improve the therapeutic outcome. In this prospective, randomized trial, 27 women with PCOS underwent a total of 25 cycles of hMG alone and 33 cycles with adjunctive GnRH-a (leuprolide) treatment. Premature luteinization was seen less frequently in the leuprolide-treated cycles than in cycles treated with hMG alone. There were no differences between the treatments in ovarian sensitivity to hMG. Cycle fecundity was 0.16 for hMG alone cycles, and 0.27 for leuprolide with hMG cycles, which were not statistically different. We conclude that the sensitivity of the PCOS ovary to hMG is not affected by 4 weeks of leuprolide pretreatment.

Drug Therapy, Combination↗
PubMed1992

Intrauterine insemination outperforms intracervical insemination in a randomized, controlled study with frozen, donor semen.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in a donor insemination program. DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. SETTING: Donor insemination program. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Women undergoing insemination were randomly assigned to receive either IUI or intracervical insemination for a maximum of six cycles. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Cycle fecundity rates between the two routes were compared. RESULTS: The monthly fecundity rate for intracervical insemination was 5.1% compared with 23% by IUI. By life table analysis, pregnancy rates for IUI were significantly higher than intracervical insemination (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Intrauterine insemination with quarantined donor sperm is superior to intracervical insemination.

Cervix Uteri↗
PubMed1992

The effects of spontaneous luteinizing hormone surges on superovulatory cycles.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge on the cycle fecundity during superovulation induction. DESIGN: Superovulatory cycles of patients with various diagnoses are retrospectively compared. SETTING: Reproductive Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. PATIENTS: A total of 1,185 superovulatory cycles from July 1, 1982 until November 1, 1991 are compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The probability of achieving a pregnancy per treatment cycle. RESULTS: Patients with unexplained infertility and hyperprolactinemia were more likely to have a spontaneous LH surge during superovulation than patients with either endometriosis or polycystic ovarian disease. However, the cycle fecundity rate did not differ whether or not an LH surge occurred, regardless of the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Spontaneous onset of an LH surge during superovulation induction does not influence the chances for pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Ovarian superstimulation and intrauterine insemination for the treatment of unexplained infertility.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and IUI in the treatment of unexplained infertility. DESIGN: The pregnancy rate (PR) in patients with unexplained infertility treated by COH and IUI (group A) was compared with a no-treatment control (group B). SETTING: The Egyptian IVF-ET Center. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred ninety-two patients with the diagnosis of unexplained infertility. INTERVENTION: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cycle fecundity per treatment cycle and PR per patient. RESULTS: In group A cycle fecundity was 20.1% per treatment cycle, and the PR was 34.7% per patient. In group B the PR was 8.9% per patient. Pregnancy rate per patient was significantly higher in group A when compared with the spontaneous PR in group B. CONCLUSION: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IUI significantly increased the PR in patients with unexplained infertility when compared with a no-treatment control group.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Concurrent tuboplasty and assisted reproduction.

OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the role of combining assisted reproductive technologies (ART) with lysis of adhesions and microsurgical tuboplasty in selected groups of patients. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the available literature and a review of the results of concurrent fimbriectomy reversal and ART. CONCLUSION: In a relatively few and highly selected patients, the concurrent use of ART and laparotomy or laparoscopy for lysis of adhesions and tuboplasty can more safely access the ovaries for oocyte retrieval and address associated problems such as pelvic pain while reducing cost. Examples of such cases include patients with ovaries in abnormal locations, on a congenital basis or after extensive bowel or urogenital reconstructive surgery. Because some procedures such as fimbriectomy reversal have a relatively low fecundity, there is potential for increasing cumulative pregnancy rates when ART and microsurgery are combined. The advantages of increased fecundity and cost-effectiveness must be weighed against the disadvantages of operating room scheduling and the potential surgical and anesthetic risks.

Fallopian Tube Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Cigarette smoking accelerates the development of diminished ovarian reserve as evidenced by the clomiphene citrate challenge test.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether the reduced fecundity in women who smoke cigarettes may be attributed to the accelerated development of diminished ovarian reserve. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of clomiphene citrate (CC) challenge tests in women from a general infertility population who did and did not smoke cigarettes (part 1) and retrospective evaluation of the impact of smoking on pregnancy rates (PRs) in IVF among women with normal ovarian reserve (part 2). SETTING: Large military tertiary care center. PATIENTS: Sixty-five women who smoked cigarettes and 145 women who did not smoke cigarettes in the general infertility population (part 1) and women undergoing IVF for strict tubal factor infertility with normal ovarian reserve who did (n = 29) and did not (n = 73) smoke (part 2). INTERVENTIONS: Clomiphene citrate challenge tests, composed of FSH levels on cycle days 3 and 10 with 100 mg of CC administered on cycle days 5 through 9. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of the incidence of abnormal CC challenge test results between women who did and did not smoke, and comparison of peak E2 levels, number of mature follicles, number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates, and total and ongoing PRs. RESULTS: The incidence of diminished ovarian reserve was increased in women who smoked (8 of 65 [12.31%]) when compared with age-matched controls who did not smoke (7 of 145 [4.83%]). Among women with normal CC challenge tests who were undergoing IVF, there were no differences in peak E2 levels, the number of mature follicles, the number of mature oocytes retrieved, fertilization rates, or total and ongoing PRs. CONCLUSION: Women who smoke have an accelerated development of clinically detectable diminished ovarian reserve. Additionally, the fact that women who smoke cigarettes with normal ovarian reserve have ovarian responses and PRs that are equivalent to age-matched nonsmoking controls suggests that diminished ovarian reserve may be a principal mechanism reducing fecundity among women who smoke cigarettes.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Pregnancy rates after operative endoscopic treatment of total (neosalpingostomy) or near total (salpingostomy) distal tubal occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the endoscopic treatment of complete distal tubal occlusion or moderate to severe tubal phimosis and to analyze outcome using contemporary statistical methodologies. DESIGN: Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING: Tertiary-care institution. PATIENTS: One hundred thirteen consecutive patients undergoing a neosalpingostomy or salpingostomy. INTERVENTIONS: KTP/532 laser (Laserscope, Santa Clara, CA) laparoscopy. Additional infertility factors were treated postoperatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Crude pregnancy rate (PR), monthly fecundity rate, monthly probability of pregnancy, cure rate, and cumulative PRs. Outcome was compared on the basis of the surgical procedure performed. The impact of endometriosis as well as other fertility factors was analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients conceived yielding a crude PR of 20.4%, a monthly fecundity rate of 2.6%, a monthly probability of pregnancy of 6.4%, and a cure rate of 52.4%. There were six ectopic pregnancies (5.3%). A significant difference was found among the cumulative pregnancy curves. The cumulative pregnancy curve for unilateral salpingostomy differed significantly from that of unilateral neosalpingostomy. Patients with endometriosis and no other infertility factors had a significantly better cumulative pregnancy curve compared with patients without endometriosis or other factors as well as compared with patients with no endometriosis but with other infertility factors. Patients undergoing bilateral neosalpingostomy had a cure rate of 9.0% whereas patients undergoing bilateral salpingostomy had a cure rate of 34.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Operative endoscopy yields PRs that are comparable to those reported in the literature for laparotomy. The presence of complete bilateral distal tubal occlusion has a negative impact on outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility with CO2 laser laparoscopy: the use of one- and two-parameter exponential models.

Laparoscopic vaporization with the carbon dioxide laser has become a popular treatment modality for endometriosis-associated infertility, yet little data exist regarding the efficacy of such an approach. The authors have applied sophisticated modeling techniques to pregnancy rates in 129 endometriosis patients following laser laparoscopy. Patients were identified for stage of disease, danazol usage before and after surgery, and identifiable infertility factors. Fertility rates were analyzed with monthly fecundity rates and a two-parameter exponential model. Results indicate monthly fecundity rates comparable to other forms of therapy for stage I and stage II endometriosis, but substantially higher than more traditional modalities for stage III disease. The two-parameter model revealed "cure" rates comparable or lower than with major conservative surgery or danazol therapy, but a "monthly" probability of pregnancy" substantially higher than with other treatments. These results indicate that, in experienced hands, laser laparoscopic vaporization of endometriosis is as efficacious as other published forms of therapy, including use in moderate and severe disease. In addition, these results suggest an immediate, transient effect upon the patient with endometriosis-associated infertility.

Actuarial Analysis↗