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PubMed2006

[New principles in tumor antigens and their significance in future immunotherapies for lymphomas and other malignancies--editorial].

The molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients has been an active field in hematology, oncology, and tumor immunology. More than 2000 tumor antigens have been identified. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on novel anti-tumor immunotherapies in lymphomas, other hematologic malignancies and tumors. However, despite of the progress in the identification of these self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfactory than that expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on the basic principles underlying the selection of these self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen-specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with lymphomas and other malignancies, many additional questions need to be addressed. In this brief review, the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in lymphomas and other malignancies was outlined and the new principles of self-tumor antigens and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies were summarized.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2006

[Editorial of the "vaccination issue" of KMIL--what have demonstrated Prevenar and Fendrix vaccines].

Immunization against infectious diseases is one of the most effective prevention instruments. Ongoing research has shown that revaccination against viral hepatitis type A and B (VHA and VHB) in healthy immunocompetent individuals is not necessary and that basic VHA and VHB vaccination schedules provide lifelong immunity. In the USA, Prevnar, a 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine, demonstrated its substantial direct and indirect effects on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD). As a matter of fact, its introduction led to a dramatic decrease in invasive pneumococcal diseases both in children and, indirectly, also in the senior age cohorts. In addition, lower pneumococci colonisation of the mucosa, constituting this indirect effect, leads to a lower incidence of acute otitis among children up to 2 years of age. The use of Prevenar also decreases the incidence in the population of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains that are resistant to penicillin or erythromycin. The Fendrix is the first vaccine that has received market authorisation in the EU and that contains MPL (Monophosphoryl lipid A) as an adjuvans. It serves for the purpose of immunisation of haemodialysed patients and, in contrast to Engerix B, it creates a faster, more massive and longer immune response. At present, at haemodialysis units, two doses of the Engerix B vaccine (a total of 2 ml and 40 mcg of the HBsAg antigen) are used for basic immunisation that are applied according to a particular schedule-in month 0, 1, 2, and 6. Fendrix is applied in accordance with the same schedule however, only one dose is used. The applied schedule allows maintaining higher antibody titres for longer periods of time than with Engerix B. Thus further revaccination doses are spared for later use, since, in haemodialysed patients, the anti-HBs levels cannot fall under 10 mIU/ml.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Editorial].

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Gastroenterology↗
PubMed2005

Editorial.

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Africa↗