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A differential spectrophotometric method was described for the assay of thyme and clove oils. The method is based on the relative absorbance measurement of the thymate or eugenate anions to the respective molecular thymol or eugenol in alcoholic medium. The results of the differential method, compared with those of the conventional method, are more accurate.
During the last two years two patients with hypokinetic appearance of Huntington's chorea--beginning in childhood--were investigated in the Neurological Univ.-Clinic of Vienna. Both of the patients descend from families with primary hyperkinetic Huntington's chorea in adult life. The problem of the early manifest hypokinetic form--when the family case history is not attended--are of special interest for the first symptoms can lead into false diagnosis. Therefore oftenly systematic treatment will be done at first just during the adult life, when already the complete picture of Huntington's chorea has appeared. From the point of eugenic deliberations it is very interesting for relatives of families with Huntington's chorea to be informed about the heredity, the most lately appearance of the disease and by the possiblity of anteposition.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated artificial fetal death rates in Miyazaki city and surrounding areas served by the Miyazaki Prefectural Health Center, and examined risk factors related with artificial fetal deaths. METHODS: 1. Based on Vital Statistics and Statistics on Artificial Abortion and Eugenic Operations, rates of artificial fetal deaths and artificial abortions in the research area were compared with those in the whole of Japan. 2. Using fetal death certificates and birth certificates, 279 artificial fetal deaths in legitimate pregnancies from 1990 to 1993 were compared by socio-demographic variables with 1012 randomly selected live births in 1992. RESULTS: The artificial fetal death rate in the research area was 2.1 times that in the whole of Japan, and the rates in the maternal age group under 20 and over 40 years were extremely high. One of the reasons for the high artificial fetal death rate was due to late operation period of abortions, which in Japan is required to be reported as artificial fetal deaths after the 12th week of gestation. The delay was observed frequently in the maternal age group under 20 years, a group in which abortion rate was extremely high. From the comparisons between artificial fetal deaths of the legitimate and live births, it appears that older maternal age, higher number of live birth experiences, and history of past still birth, were related strongly to increased risk of artificial fetal death. Risk of artificial fetal death was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. A large number of abortions were performed in medical facilities that delivered few live births. CONCLUSIONS: The high artificial fetal death rate in Miyazaki city and surrounding areas was due to high frequency of abortions and late operation period. In legitimate pregnancies, maternal age and birth history were related strongly to artificial fetal deaths. Continuous health education in family planning from adolescence through pre-menopause is important to prevent unnecessary artificial abortions.
Tolyporphin (TP), a porphyrin extracted from cyanobacteria, was found to be a very potent photosensitizer of EMT-6 tumor cells grown both in vitro as suspensions or monolayers and in vivo in tumors implanted on the backs of C.B17/Icr severe combined immunodeficient mice. Thus, during photodynamic treatment (PDT) of EMT-6 tumor cells in vitro, the photokilling effectiveness of TP measured as the product of the reciprocal of D50 (the light dose necessary to kill 50% of cells) and the concentration of TP is approximately 5000 times higher than that of Photofrin II (PII), the only PDT photosensitizer thus far approved for clinical trials. TP almost exclusively localizes in the perinuclear region and specifically in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as shown by microspectrofluorometry on single living EMT-6 cells costained with the ER and/or Golgi fluorescent vital probes, 3,3'-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide and N-[4,4-difluoro-(5,7-dimethyl-BODIPY)-1-pentanoyl]-D-erythro-sphin gosine (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR). As a result, the singlet oxygen-mediated photodynamic activity of TP induces an effective inactivation of the acyl CoA:cholesterol-O-acyltransferase, a sensitive marker of ER membrane integrity and alterations of the nuclear membrane. In vivo, with the EMT-6 mouse tumor model, an exceptional effectiveness is also observed as compared to that of PII and other second generation photosensitizers of the pheophorbide class, which are themselves much more potent than PII. The outstanding PDT activity of TP observed in vivo may be due to its unique biodistribution properties, in particular much less extraction by the liver, resulting in a higher delivery to other tissues, including tumor.
The gynaecologist Ludwig Fraenkel is known because of his works concerning the endocrine function of the corpus luteum. Moreover he was an important representative of the social gynaecology and sexology during the first decades of this century. His studies in these fields identify Fraenkel as an independent scientist considering for example social living conditions as a cause of gynaecological illnesses. On the other hand he took over problematic positions in eugenics hoping to improve public health. During the Hitler era the Jew Ludwig Fraenkel was dismissed from the directorate of the Women's clinic of the University of Breslau. He left Germany forever.
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... This essay draws a connection between the medical procedures produced by new reproductive technologies, most specifically the use of pre-natal tests which result in abortion, and the dictates of American liberal theory. There is, I believe, a strong link between certain contemporary American abortion practices and American liberalism's formulation of and emphasis on rational individualism. The touchstone and criterion of reason as the sole measure of humanity has influenced the conditions under which we reproduce, and consequently, when we abort. Although America purports to offer certain kinds of freedom to all individuals, only those who exercise the capacity for rationality are in fact permitted to reap the benefits of liberal society.
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Using transient expression of the E. coli Dam methylase gene and analysis of the distribution of methylated GATC sites, we studied the distribution of open chromatin regions within a 140 kb long human genome segment in HEK-293 cells. Dam methylated sites were found in gene introns, exons, and intergenic regions, and their distribution along DNA was uneven. There were regions of high and low density of Dam methylated GATC sites, presumably corresponding to "open" and "closed" chromatin regions, respectively, and to the functional profile of the genomic locus under study. The Dam methylation profile was also generally in agreement with transcriptional activity of genes in the locus. Moreover, DNA regions accessible to Dam methylase apparently coincided with those hypersensitive to DNase I.
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