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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Data collection techniques: mail questionnaires.

Questionnaire use, construction, content, wording, administration and pretesting are reviewed. Mail questionnaires gather large amounts of information at relatively low costs, but their design and administration affect the usefulness of the results. Many different aspects of a questionnaire survey will influence its effectiveness, including pre-contact and follow-up, cover letters, question sequence, and questionnaire appearance and length. The type of question to use depends on the level of measurement desired, suitability of the response form to the issue surveyed, and the ability of respondents to use and understand the response form. A small sample group should be used to pretest the questionnaire.

Methods↗
PubMed1994

New IEEE standard enables data collection for medical applications.

The IEEE has gone to ballot on a "Standard for Medical Device Communications", IEEE P1073. The lower layer, hardware portions of the standard are expected to be approved by the IEEE Standards Board at their December 11-13, 1994 meeting. Other portions of the standard are in the initial stages of the IEEE ballot process. The intent of the standard is to allow hospitals and other users to interface medical electronic devices to host computer systems in a standard, interchangeable manner. The standard is optimized for acute care environments such as ICU's, operating rooms, and emergency rooms. [1] IEEE General Committee and Subcommittee work has been on-going since 1984. Significant amounts of work have been done to discover and meet the needs of the patient care setting. Surveys performed in 1989 identified the following four key user requirements for medical device communications: 1) Frequent reconfiguration of the network. 2) Allow "plug and play" operation by users. 3) Associate devices with a specific bed and patient. 4) Support a wide range of hospital computer system topologies. Additionally, the most critical difference in the acute care setting is patient safety, which has an overall effect on the standard. The standard that went to ballot meets these requirements. The standard is based on existing ISO standards. P1073 is compliant with the OSI seven layer model. P1073 specifies the entire communication stack, from object-oriented software to hospital unique connectors. The standard will be able to be put forward as a true international standard, much in the way that the IEEE 802.x family of standards (like Ethernet) were presented as draft ISO standards.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

[Noninvasive intermittent ventilation. A prospective data collection in patients with hypoventilation syndrome].

INTRODUCTION: Noninvasive intermittent ventilation is usually performed in patients with severe ventilatory pump disorder. From 1988 to 3/1995 we treated 163 patients with the aim of home mechanical ventilation (HMV). PATIENTS AND RESULTS: In March 1993 115 of these 163 patients practiced HMV, 22 had already died and 26 had rejected or broken off ventilation therapy. The 115 patients were classified in three main diagnostic groups: Scoliosis or chest wall disease (n = 76), COPD (n = 11) and neuromuscular disease (n = 28). The mean pCO2 at rest of all patients before ventilation therapy was 56 (+/- 12) Torr and fell to 46 (+/- 5) Torr in the course of therapy. The maximum statical inspiration pressure PImax rose from average 3, 8 (+/- 2, 3) to 4, 9 (+/- 2, 0) kPa. There was a probability of surviving two years after onset of ventilation therapy of 85% in the scoliosis group, of 60% in the neuromuscular group and of 30% in the COPD group. CONCLUSIONS: According to results of others home ventilation therapy was very successful in patients with chest wall disease. In some patients with neuromuscular disorder quality of life could be improved and life prolonged. Only half of the COPD patients could be treated successfully, whereas the other half had no benefit from noninvasive ventilation therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Clinical features of patients with juvenile onset mixed connective tissue disease: analysis of data collected in a nationwide collaborative study in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and outcome of juvenile-onset mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). METHODS: Clinical and laboratory findings were compared in 2 groups of MCTD patients divided according to age at onset: juvenile onset: under 16 yrs: adult onset: 16 yrs or older). RESULTS: Systemic lupus erythematosus-like symptoms, such as facial erythema, photosensitivity. LE cells, lymphadenopathy, and cellular casts, were more frequent in juvenile onset MCTD than in the adult form of the disease. On the other hand, scleroderma-like symptoms, such as esophageal hypomotility, scleroderma-like lesions evident on skin biopsy, pulmonary involvement, proximal scleroderma, and pitting scars, were less frequent in juvenile onset MCTD than in the adult form. Patients with juvenile onset MCTD more frequently met the classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and less frequently met those for progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc), compared to patients with adult onset MCTD. At disease onset, hand edema and stiffness were observed less frequently in juvenile onset MCTD than in the adult form. Furthermore, the mortality rate was lower in the former than in the latter (2.8% vs 8.4%). CONCLUSION: Although previous studies have reported severe symptoms and adverse outcome for juvenile onset MCTD, we conclude from this nationwide study in Japan that patients with juvenile onset MCTD exhibit more SLE-like and fewer SSc-like features and have a relatively favorable outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Review of data collected since the statement of February 6, 1996].

The observation in 1995 and 1996 of 10 cases of a new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (V-CJD) in U.K. suggested a possible relation between this human cases and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Recent papers about this topic are reviewed : hypothesis of a possible genetic link between man and cattle, hypothesis of a acquired resistance against the agent of BSE after a previous infection by a less virulent agent of ovine origin, importance of polymorphism at codon 129 according to the hypothesis of a virus-induced amyloidosis, diagnostic test with cerebrospinal fluid, epidemiology of BSE and prediction of future BSE spread.

Animals↗