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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A comparison of clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin for use in conjunction with intrauterine insemination.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the outcome of superovulation using clomiphene citrate (CC) versus hMG in conjunction with IUI. DESIGN: Sequentially assigned, observational study. Couples initially were assigned to receive either CC or hMG for three cycles. SETTING: The Clinical Outpatient Department of the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. PATIENT(S): Eighty-three infertile couples. INTERVENTION(S): IUI with hMG use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Conception rate, term pregnancy rate (PR), and pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous miscarriage and multiple gestation. RESULT(S): Of 83 couples who underwent at least one treatment cycle, 29 (35%) conceived during the study period. The relative rate of conception for hMG versus CC was 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.93 to 4.68). The relative term PR was 2.10 (95% CI, 0.77 to 5.73) for hMG versus CC. There was no difference in the miscarriage rate for hMG versus CC. CONCLUSION(S): Both the conception rate and the term PR were higher using hMG, compared with CC, in combination with IUI, and showed a trend toward statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The use of resorbable collagen membrane in conjunction with autogenous bone graft and inorganic bovine mineral for buccal/labial alveolar ridge augmentation: a pilot study.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: No study provides human histologic evidence regarding the use of resorbable collagen membrane for a 2-stage localized alveolar augmentation procedure. PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the potential of use of a resorbable collagen membrane in conjunction with an autogenous bone graft and inorganic bovine mineral (IBM) for labial/buccal alveolar ridge augmentation prior to placing dental implants. Material and methods Seven consecutively treated human patients participated in the study. All patients received labial/buccal alveolar ridge augmentation. An autogenous block graft was secured at the recipient site with fixation screws and a mixture of autogenous particulate with IBM was placed at the periphery. Resorbable collagen membrane was used as a barrier. Radiographic and laboratory measurements were made to quantify ridge augmentation and resorption rate. Preoperative and postoperative stone casts were used to quantify alveolar ridge augmentation. Volumetric evaluation was measured in mL whereas linear laboratory evaluation was measured in millimeters. Measurements were made 1 and 6 months after bone grafting. Histologic and histomorphometric analysis from the grafted area evaluated new bone formation, and osteoconductivity of IBM. RESULTS: For all patients Type II to III bone quality was achieved at the augmented sites. The implant survival rate was 100% at second-stage surgery. No complication was observed at the recipient sites. Radiographic evaluation revealed 4.65 mm labial/lingual augmentation, whereas laboratory analysis revealed 4.57 mm. Volumetric laboratory analysis demonstrated 1.00 (+/- 0.29) mL alveolar ridge augmentation 6 months after bone grafting and 13.79% resorption between months 1 and 6. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that on average, the area occupied by bone was 34.28% (range 24 to 50; +/-9.05),] soft tissue 46.00% (+/-9.20%; range 30% to 55%), and IBM particles 19.71% (+/-11.74%, range 3% to 42%). The proportion of the surface of the IBM particles in contact with bone was 47.14% (range 15% to 64%; SD 17.21%). CONCLUSIONS: Resorbable collagen membranes may be used as barriers for labial/buccal alveolar ridge augmentation procedures.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMed1987

Selection of the type of urinary diversion in conjunction with radical cystectomy.

Several different methods of urinary diversion currently are available for use in conjunction with radical cystectomy. The method of urinary diversion performed at the time of radical cystectomy was reviewed for patients undergoing surgery from April 1984 through March 1986. A total of 91 urinary diversions was performed. Of the patients 74 per cent had a diversion with an external appliance (including 68 per cent with an ileal conduit), 14 per cent had a continent urinary reservoir (Kock pouch) and 11 per cent had an internal reservoir anastomosed to the urethra and, thus, avoided any stoma. There are inherent disadvantages to each form of urinary diversion and patient selection will be important to identify the most appropriate method of diversion for an individual.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

Use of homology modeling in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis for analysis of structure-function relationships of mammalian cytochromes P450.

In recent years, homology modeling has become an important tool to study cytochrome P450 function, especially in conjunction with experimental approaches such as site-directed mutagenesis. Molecular models of mammalian P450s can be constructed based on crystal structures of four bacterial enzymes, P450cam, P450 BM-3, P450terp and P450eryF, using molecular replacement or consensus methods. In a model built by molecular replacement, the coordinates are copied from those of a given template protein, while consensus methods utilize more then one protein as a template and are based on distance geometry calculations. The models can be used to identify or confirm key residues, evaluate enzyme-substrate interactions and explain changes in protein stability and/or regio- and stereospecificity of substrate oxidation upon residue substitution by site-directed mutagenesis. P450 models have also been utilized to analyze binding of inhibitors or activators, as well as alterations in inhibition and activation due to residue replacement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of resection of the sternum and manubrium in conjunction with muscle transposition on pulmonary function.

We recorded the changes in pulmonary function that occurred after removal of the sternum and manubrium and repair by pectoralis major muscle transposition in six patients. Of these patients, three had osteomyelitis of the manubrium and sternum, two had osteosarcoma of the sternum, and one had osteomyelitis and radionecrosis of the manubrium and sternum. Body plethysmography and the rebreathing, hypercapnic ventilatory response test with inductive plethysmographic recordings of chest-wall motion were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Preoperatively, four of the six patients had evidence of mild to moderate chest-wall restriction. Pulmonary function was normal in the other two patients. Postoperatively, total lung capacity was unchanged but the vital capacity decreased 11.5% in the overall group. Static compliance, retractive force, and the steady-state diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide decreased modestly but significantly postoperatively. The expiratory flow rates and maximal voluntary ventilation remained unchanged. Preoperatively, the slope of the hypercapnic ventilatory response was less than that predicted. Postoperatively, the slope did not change. In three patients, however, increased dependence on the abdomen for breathing suggested a dynamic restriction of rib-cage motion. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that surgical removal of the sternum and manubrium in conjunction with muscle flap repair is a well-tolerated procedure. Any postoperative changes in pulmonary function are minor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The conjunction of feature and depth information.

By inducing feature-contingent depth aftereffects, we show that the human visual system combines feature information with depth information. These contingent aftereffects were revealed through the use of a novel selective adaptation paradigm whose stimuli required the combination of feature and depth information in order to segment two interleaved, transparent surfaces. We argue that this combined processing exemplifies the remarkable resourcefulness of a visual system that has adapted to exploit conjunctions of cues that can aid in the segmentation of visual surfaces.

Adaptation, Biological↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of three core buildup materials used in conjunction with two post systems in endodontically treated anterior teeth.

Fifty extracted maxillary central incisors with the crowns removed 1 mm coronal to the labial cementoenamel junction were endodontically treated. Post spaces were made 7 mm into the roots prior to cementing a 13-mm post with zinc phosphate cement. Twenty-five of the teeth were restored using a #6 (0.060-inch) Para-Post, and the remaining 25 teeth were restored with a #6 Para-Post Plus. Three core buildup materials, Ketac-Silver, Miracle Mix, and Tytin alloy were used in conjunction with the posts. Cast gold copings 10 mm in height with 1 mm collar on the root were cemented to the buildups. The teeth were loaded to failure at 130 degrees to the long axis of the root from the lingual with an Instron testing machine. The mean failure load of all of the teeth in this study was 21.6 kg. All of the teeth failed when the posts dislodged from the canals. The Para-Post Plus was not significantly more retentive than the Para-Post. No failures occurred within the buildup materials. No significant differences were demonstrated between the mean failure loads of the different buildup materials. Increased buccolingual root diameter, however, had a positive correlation (r = 0.46) with higher failure loads which was statistically significant (p less than 0.001).

Crowns↗
PubMed2000

Report from the IFPA meeting in conjunction with the 8th EPG meeting, Schladming, Austria, September 26-29, 1999.

Some 350 participants from 35 countries gathered in the small town of Schladming in the Austrian Alps, where the meeting of the International Federation of Placental Associations took place in conjunction with the 8th meeting of the European Placenta Group. The congress was organized by Gernot Desoye and Gottfried Dohr (both from Graz, Austria). The topics covered all aspects of placenta research. One symposium, two workshops and a number of posters were specifically devoted to placental immunology.

Austria↗
PubMed2001

Improved detection and differentiation of mycobacteria with combination of Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube and Roche COBAS AMPLICOR System in conjunction with Duplex PCR.

In this study, a combination of liquid and solid media (current "gold standard" for culture) with combinations of liquid media (Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT)) plus a commercial amplification system (Roche COBAS AMPLICOR System (CAS)), and solid media (Ogawa) plus CAS for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared. In addition, the ability of the MGIT to recover mycobacteria from various clinical samples was compared with the abilities of egg-based Ogawa medium using equal volume of samples and a high concentration (6%) of NaOH for decontamination. A total of 705 specimens (395 respiratory and 310 extrapulmonary) that were collected from 554 patients were tested in parallel with three assays. The results of MGIT and Ogawa were evaluated with the "gold standard" (combination of culture and clinical data) and those of CAS were evaluated with extended gold standard including treated tuberculosis. A total of 130 mycobacterial infections (M. tuberculosis, n=122; mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (MOTT), n=8) were detected. The differentiation of M. tuberculosis and MOTT was successfully accomplished using duplex PCR. The overall sensitivity of the MGIT, Ogawa, and CAS for M. tuberculosis was 89.9%, 73.9%, and 79.9%, respectively. For the MOTT, the corresponding values for the MGIT and Ogawa medium were 100% and 12.5%, respectively. The mean detection time for M. tuberculosis was 22 days using MGIT and 32 days when using the Ogawa medium. The specificity of CAS was 98.4%, with an inhibition rate of 1.4%. A combination of MGIT plus CAS detected 97.5% of all M. tuberculosis infections (compared with MGIT plus Ogawa, 91.8%, P<0.05; compared with Ogawa plus CAS, 87.7%. P<0.01). Our results indicate that a combination of MGIT plus a Roche CAS in conjunction with duplex PCR, would be quite useful in clinical laboratories for both rapid detection and differentiation of M. tuberculosis and MOTT.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2003

The late posterior negativity in ERP studies of episodic memory: action monitoring and retrieval of attribute conjunctions.

The focus of the present paper is a late posterior negative slow wave (LPN) that has frequently been reported in event-related potential (ERP) studies of memory. An overview of these studies suggests that two broad classes of experimental conditions tend to elicit this component: (a) item recognition tasks associated with enhanced action monitoring demands arising from response conflict and (b) memory tasks that require the binding of items with contextual information specifying the study episode. A combined stimulus- and response-locked analysis of data from two studies mapping onto these classes allowed a temporal and functional decomposition of the LPN. While only the LPN observed in the item recognition task could be attributed to the involvement of a posteriorly distributed response-locked error-related negativity (or error negativity; ERN/Ne) occurring immediately after the response, the source-memory task was associated with a stimulus-locked negative slow wave occurring prior and during response execution that was evident when data were matched for response latencies. We argue that the presence of the former reflects action monitoring due to high levels of response conflict, whereas the latter reflects retrieval processes that may act to reconstruct the prior study episode when task-relevant attribute conjunctions are not readily recovered or need continued evaluation.

Association Learning↗
PubMed2003

Intracerebroventricular administration of endothelin-1 impairs the habituation of rats to a novel environment in conjunction with brain serotonergic activation.

The effects of i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1, at a low dose that does not produce abnormal behaviors such as barrel-rolling, on the emotional state of rats exposed to a novel environment were examined. Changes in the emotional state of rats with a novel environment were evaluated in terms of changes in exploratory activity in the hole-board apparatus, i.e., locomotor activity as well as the number and duration of rearing and head-dipping behaviors. Rats treated with i.c.v. saline showed marked exploratory behaviors immediately after exposure to the hole-board apparatus, but these exploratory behaviors decreased rapidly with time. On the other hand, the habituation of rats to a novel environment was prolonged by the i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (0.3 and 1 pmol). Furthermore, we also found that i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (1 pmol) significantly increased the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) turnover in some brain regions, i.e., the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and midbrain, and the inhibition of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis by treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (200 mg/kg/day, s.c.) for 2 days suppressed the behavioral effects of endothelin-1 (1 pmol, i.c.v.). In addition, i.c.v. administration of endothelin-1 (1 pmol) did not affect the spontaneous motor activity of rats. The present study demonstrated that i.c.v. administration of low doses of endothelin-1 impairs the habituation of rats to a novel environment in conjunction with brain 5-hydroxytryptaminergic activation. These results suggest that the central endothelin system may play a significant role in mediating emotionality.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Radiotherapy in conjunction with intravenous infusion of 180 mg of disodium pamidronate in management of osteolytic metastases from breast cancer: clinical evaluation, biochemical markers, quality of life, and monitoring of recalcification using assessments of gray-level histogram in plain radiographs.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical improvement and radiographically monitor the effect of local radiotherapy in conjunction with disodium pamidronate (DP) on metastatic osteolytic disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-three patients with osteolytic metastasis from advanced breast cancer received radiotherapy with a 6-MV linear accelerator up to a dose of 30 Gy (3 Gy/fraction, 5 d/wk) combined with 24 monthly sessions of a 180-mg DP infusion. Conventional X-rays were obtained during the first six sessions of DP treatment, retaining the same settings for each exposure. The analysis of the image attributes was based on measuring the first-order statistics of the mean value and energy of gray-level histograms in the osteolytic region. RESULTS: The 6-month measurements compared with baseline showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon test) in energy of gray-level histogram (-10.8%), mean value of gray-level histogram (+9.5%), pain score (-5.8 points), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status (-2.4 points), urine hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (-41.7%), urine calcium/creatinine ratio (-58.8%), and bone alkaline phosphatase (-42.4%). Quality of life as determined by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (version 3) also improved. During follow-up, 88% of patients had complete and 12% partial responses (International Union Against Cancer radiologic criteria). On multivariate analysis, greater changes in the mean value of the gray-level histogram and negative nodal status were predictors for a reduction in the number of skeletal complications after therapy. Flu-like syndrome occurred in 13 patients (39%) and was well managed with mild antipyretics. CONCLUSION: Image-processing in plain radiographs offers an objective way to assess recalcification. The image-processing indexes, along with the measurements of performance status, quality of life, and biochemical markers, improved significantly. Local radiotherapy combined with long-term high-dose DP up to 180 mg is tolerable and has a high therapeutic response.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

On-column formation of arsenic-glutathione species detected by size-exclusion chromatography in conjunction with arsenic-specific detectors.

The 'retention analysis method', which is based on size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) in conjunction with an arsenic-specific detector (graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer, GFAAS), was used to study the effect of pH (range 2.0-10.0), temperature (4, 25 and 37 degrees C), and the concentration of glutathione in the mobile phase (0.5-7.5 mM) on the formation of arsenic-glutathione species after injection of sodium arsenite using phosphate-buffered saline solutions as mobile phases. The formation of arsenic-GSH species was facilitated by low temperatures (4 degrees C), pH 6.0-8.0 and high concentrations of glutathione (7.5 mM) in the mobile phase. Simulating the physicochemical parameters found inside human red blood cells (approximately 3.0 mM glutathione, 37 degrees C, pH 7.4) and hepatocytes (approximately 7.5 mM glutathione, 37 degrees C, pH 7.4), SEC-GFAAS provided evidence for the formation of arsenic-glutathione species under these conditions. In addition, the 'chelating agent', sodium DL-2,3-dimercapto- -propanesulfonate (1.0 and 2.0 mM) was demonstrated to bind arsenous acid stronger in the presence of glutathione (7.5 mM) under these conditions (PBS buffer, pH 7.4, 37 degrees C).

Arsenic↗
PubMed2001

Effect of vasodilator hydralazine on tumor microvascular random flow and blood volume as measured by intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) weighted MRI in conjunction with Gd-DTPA-Albumin enhanced MRI.

We studied the effect of hydralazine on tumor blood volume fraction and microvascular random flow velocity magnitude by IVIM weighted MRI in conjunction with dynamic Gd-DTPA-Albumin enhanced MRI. Blood volume fraction maps were obtained from the dynamic Gd-DTPA-Albumin enhanced MRI measurements. The average blood volume fraction of R3230 AC adenocarcinoma decreased from 0.125 +/- 0.022 (s.d.) ml/g to 0.105 +/- 0.018 (s.d.) ml/g (p < 0.001) after the administration of hydralazine at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The microvascular random flow velocity magnitude maps were obtained from the IVIM weighted MRI signals by utilizing the Gd-DTPA-Albumin measured blood volume fractions as an input in the compartmental modeling analysis of the IVIM weighted MRI signal. The random-directional microvascular flow induced MRI signal attenuation was separated from the molecular diffusion induced signal attenuation. Flow induced attenuation was more significant after the administration of hydralazine. The mean microvascular random flow velocity magnitude increased from 0.52 +/- 0.15 (s.d.) mm/sec to 0.73 +/- 0.23 (s.d.) mm/sec (p < 0.05) in the presence of the above blood volume fraction change.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

The fusome and microtubules enrich Par-1 in the oocyte, where it effects polarization in conjunction with Par-3, BicD, Egl, and dynein.

After its specification, the Drosophila oocyte undergoes a critical polarization event that involves a reorganization of the microtubules (MT) and relocalization of the determinant Orb within the oocyte. This polarization requires Par-1 kinase and the PDZ-containing Par-3 homolog, Bazooka (Baz). Par-1 has been observed on the fusome, which degenerates before the onset of oocyte polarization. How Par-1 acts to polarize the oocyte has been unclear. Here we show that Par-1 becomes restricted to the oocyte in a MT-dependent fashion after disappearance of the fusome. At the time of polarization, the kinase itself and the determinant BicaudalD (BicD) are relocalized from the anterior to the posterior of the oocyte. Par-1 and BicD are interdependent and require MT and the minus end-directed motor Dynein for their relocalization. We show that baz is required for Par-1 relocalization within the oocyte and that the distributions of Baz and Par-1 in the Drosophila oocyte are complementary and strikingly reminiscent of the two PAR proteins in the C. elegans embryo. We propose that, through the combined actions of the fusome, MT, and Baz, Par-1 is selectively enriched and localized within the oocyte, where, in conjunction with BicD, Egalitarian (Egl), and Dynein, it acts on the MT cytoskeleton to effect polarization.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Susceptibility of human dendritic cells (DCs) to measles virus (MV) depends on their activation stages in conjunction with the level of CDw150: role of Toll stimulators in DC maturation and MV amplification.

Human CD46 (membrane cofactor protein, or MCP) and CDw150 (signaling lymphocyte activation molecule, or SLAM) serve as receptors for measles virus (MV), which induces marked host immune suppression. Although monocytes express CD46, they are considerably resistant to MV. Once monocytes differentiate into immature myeloid dendritic cells (iDCs) (GM-CSF + IL-4-treated), the cells become susceptible to MV. Therefore, we have identified CD46-adapted and CDw150-adapted strains of MV, and the dynamics of CD46 and CDw150 during monocyte-iDC conversion were examined in conjunction with MV susceptibility. Strikingly, CDw150 was not detected in monocytes and moderately induced in iDCs, while CD46 was constantly expressed in monocyte-to-iDC differentiation. Thus, iDCs were found to become highly permissive to CDw150-adapted MV strains via expression of CDw150. In fact, polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that specifically blocked the MV receptor function of CD46 or CDw150 cancelled MV replication in iDCs according to the preferential usage of either CD46 or CDw150 in each strain of MV. Next, we showed that DCs that matured via stimulation of their Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and/or 4 exhibited an approximately fivefold increase in CDw150 at the protein level, and concomitantly, higher levels of MV amplification were observed in mixed culture of lymphocytes than in iDCs without TLR2/4 stimuli. Hence, amplification of CDw150-dependent MV strains was augmented in DCs parallel with the levels of CDw150 in the presence of lymphocytes possessing CDw150. TLR-mediated functional potential of DCs may affect the degree of MV amplification through distinct MV strain-specific receptor usage of CDw150 or CD46.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Evidence for a systemic immune activation during depression: results of leukocyte enumeration by flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibody staining.

Several studies have reported a suppressed immune function (e.g. blast transformation) during depression. In an attempt to define the cellular basis of the reported immune disorders, the present study investigates the leukocyte cell subset profile of minor, simple major, and melancholic depressives, versus normal controls. We have counted the number of white blood cells (WBC) lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes, while the number of lymphocyte (sub)populations has been identified by phenotype, using monoclonal antibody staining in conjunction with flow cytometry. The following cell surface antigens were determined: CD3+ (pan T), CD19+ (pan B), CD4+ (T helper/inducer), CD8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic), CD4+CD45RA (T-memory cells), CD4+CD45RA+ (T-virgin cells), surface Ig, class II MHC HLA-DR, and CD25+ (IL-2 receptor). By means of pattern recognition methods, we established distinct immunological changes in minor and simple major depressed and in melancholic patients, setting them apart from the reference population. Depression, per se, is characterized by a higher number of WBC, monocytes, class II MHC HLA-DR, and memory T cells. Minor and simple major depressives exhibited an increased T helper/suppressor ratio. Increased numbers of IL-2 receptor bearing cells are a hallmark for major depression. Melancholics showed an increased number of pan T, pan B and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. It was concluded that the established immune cell profile of depressed patients may point towards the existence of a systemic immune activation during that illness.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Illusory conjunctions in the time domain and the resulting time-course of the attentional blink.

Illusory conjunctions in the time domain are errors made in binding stimulus features presented In the same spatial position in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) conditions. Botella, Barriopedro, and Suero (2001) devised a model to explain how the distribution of responses originating from stimuli around the target in the series is generated. They proposed two routes consisting of two sequential attempts to make a response. The second attempt (sophisticated guessing) is only employed if the first one (focal attention) fails in producing an integrated perception. This general outline enables specific predictions to be made and tested related to the efficiency of focal attention in generating responses in the first attempt. Participants had to report the single letter in an RSVP stream of letters that was presented in a previously specified color (first target, T1) and then report whether an X (second target, T2) was or was not presented. Performance on T2 showed the typical U-shaped function across the T1-T2 lag that reflects the attentional blink phenomenon. However, as was predicted by Botella, Barriopedro, and Suero's model, the time-course of the interference was shorter for trials with a correct response to T1 than for trials with a T1 error. Furthermore, longer time-courses of interference associated with pre-target and post-target errors to the first target were indistinguishable.

Attention↗