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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Helping the poor emerge from "urban barbarism to civic civilization": public bathhouses in America, 1890-1915.

In an era when the luxury of private bathrooms had not yet been made widely available to the masses, local charities and municipal governments worked feverishly to construct public bathhouses. Reformers, including city officials, engineers, physicians, and members of the clergy, increased the number of public bath facilities across America from a mere six in 1894 to 49 by 1904. The urban poor took tens of millions of showers at the turn of the century as a result. What the poor may not have realized, however, is that the reformers of the Progressive Era had in mind a form of social engineering. Bathing, they argued, not only assisted in the containment of disease; it also served to instill upper-middle class values of self-respect, morality, and citizenship into the life and practice of the poor.

Baths↗
PubMed1992

Civil unrest and ocular trauma.

The incidence and causes of ocular trauma among Israeli troops serving in the West Bank and Gaza between 1987 and 1989 was investigated. Of the 985 soldiers who were reported injured, 11.3% (111) were reported to have suffered from injuries to the eye. Although most of the soldiers were supplied with some kind of protective gear, only 27% reported that they received eye protection; none used this protection at the time of injury. Fifty-seven percent of the injuries were caused by stones and 38% by flying glass; 14.6% of soldiers suffered bilateral eye injuries. Only 12.1% of those injured wore corrective lenses. Although only 5% were originally reported to have suffered moderate to severe injuries, 38% complained of residual vision impairment. Better eye protection and enforcement of orders to use such gear would reduce the number and severity of ocular injuries.

Civil Disorders↗