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Results for “Biomedical Technology”

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At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

[Transfusion medicine: debate, field of application, the stakes].

Transfusion medicine has aroused much controversy as to the definition of its field of application, as the Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) is being set up. One argument put forward by supporters of transfusion medicine in hospital--including nominal attribution and clinical immunohematology--is the possible influence of blood component producers on the decisions of prescribers. The EFS considers transfusion medicine as the rationale underlying a therapeutic chain applied to blood products and possibly to cell therapy products, within a coherent structure. Any disruption in the chain would result in reduced visibility at each stage of the chain, diluted responsibilities, and less efficient communication between blood collection and actual needs. It is, however, extremely important to clearly distinguish between the activities related to the production of biological products for therapeutic use from the activities of evaluation, in the setting of clinical protocols, which are the clinicians' responsibility. The EFS views the production of blood components as one of the various aspects of its missions as a transfusion medicine operator. The involvement of blood transfusion centers in the development of biotechnologies is a historical reality which justifies EFS's ambition to integrate cell therapy activities within its field of competence. The EFS, with its 18 blood transfusion centers, will have to play a part in health care, research and teaching networks, at the regional or inter-regional level. Irrespective of the progress achieved in substitution products and the evolution to be expected in transfusion-related jobs, transfusion as a discipline must maintain its coherence to be able to better assume its responsibilities.

Biological Products↗
PubMed2004

High-tech optometry.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2002

Evolutionary partial differential equations for biomedical image processing.

We are presenting here a model for processing space-time image sequences and applying them to 3D echo-cardiography. The non-linear evolutionary equations filter the sequence with keeping space-time coherent structures. They have been developed using ideas of regularized Perona-Malik an-isotropic diffusion and geometrical diffusion of mean curvature flow type (Malladi-Sethian), combined with Galilean invariant movie multi-scale analysis of Alvarez et al. A discretization of space-time filtering equations by means of finite volume method is discussed in detail. Computational results in processing of 3D echo-cardiographic sequences obtained by rotational acquisition technique and by real-time 3D echo volumetrics acquisition technique are presented. Quantitative error estimation is also provided.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Two biomedical sublanguages: a description based on the theories of Zellig Harris.

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have been developed to provide access to the tremendous body of data and knowledge that is available in the biomedical domain in the form of natural language text. These NLP systems are valuable because they can encode and amass the information in the text so that it can be used by other automated processes to improve patient care and our understanding of disease processes and treatments. Zellig Harris proposed a theory of sublanguage that laid the foundation for natural language processing in specialized domains. He hypothesized that the informational content and structure form a specialized language that can be delineated in the form of a sublanguage grammar. The grammar can then be used by a language processor to capture and encode the salient information and relations in text. In this paper, we briefly summarize his language and sublanguage theories. In addition, we summarize our prior research, which is associated with the sublanguage grammars we developed for two different biomedical domains. These grammars illustrate how Harris' theories provide a basis for the development of language processing systems in the biomedical domain. The two domains and their associated sublanguages discussed are: the clinical domain, where the text consists of patient reports, and the biomolecular domain, where the text consists of complete journal articles.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2002

A differential geometry approach for biomedical image processing.

We show in this paper how simple considerations about bio-arrays images lead to a peak segmentation allowing the genes activity analysis. Bio-arrays images have a particular structure and the aim of the paper is to present a mathematical method allowing their automatic processing. The differential geometry approach used here can be also employed for other types of images presenting grey level peaks corresponding to a functional activity or to a chemical concentration. The mathematical method is based on elementary techniques of differential geometry and dynamical systems theory and provides a simple efficient algorithm when the peaks to segment are isolated.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1998

Electrorotation and dielectrophoresis.

Using microelectrode structures, various forms of electric fields, such as non-uniform, rotating and travelling wave, can be imposed on particles of sizes ranging from proteins and viruses to micro-organisms and cells. Each type of particle responds to the forces exerted on them in a unique way, allowing for their controlled and selective manipulation as well as their characterization. Moreover, particles of the same type but of different viability can be distinguished in a simple, reliable manner. This review outlines the principles that govern the way in which bioparticles respond to these various field types, and how they can be exploited. Examples of current and potential biotechnological and biomedical applications are given, along with a critical comparison of current techniques.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Cost-effectiveness analysis for priority setting in health: penny-wise but pound-foolish.

Cost-effectiveness analysis has much conceptual attractiveness in priority setting but is not used to its full potential to assist policy-makers on making choices in health in developed or in developing countries. We call for a shift away from present economic evaluation activities-that tend to produce ad hoc and incomparable economic evaluation studies and, therefore, add little to the compendium of knowledge of cost-effectiveness of health interventions in general-toward a more systematic approach. Research efforts in economic evaluation should build on the foundations of cost-effectiveness research of the past decades to arrive at an informative methodology useful for national policy-makers. This strategy means that governments should steer sectoral cost-effectiveness analysis to obtain systematic and comprehensive information on the economic attractiveness of a set of new and current interventions, using a standardized methodology and capturing interactions between interventions. Without redirecting the focus of economic evaluation research, choosing in health care bears the risk to remain penny-wise but pound-foolish.

Biomedical Technology↗