Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ADENOIDECTOMY”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndromes in children. Therapeutic results].

43 children with a clinical suspicion of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea were studied. All children underwent clinical examination and a standardised questionnaire was completed by their parents in order to investigate the principal nocturnal and diurnal symptoms present. A sleep study was performed. In addition to methods designed to identify the stage of sleep (EEG, EOG, EMG), this included recording of nasal and buccal airflow, thoracic and abdominal respiratory movements and blood gas analysis. 38 children has recordings during their afternoon nap, and 4 children during the night. Tonsillar hypertrophy was the principal etiology responsible for nocturnal respiratory disorders (33 cases). In addition, other etiologies were demonstrated: Pierre Robin syndrome, cranio-facial stenosis, laryngomalacia, Prader-Willi syndrome and Arnold Chiari malformation. Surgery was performed in 31 children: 22 tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomy, 4 uvulo-palato-pharyngoplasties with tonsillectomy, 3 epiglottoplasties and 2 staphylorrhaphies. Long-term results were studied clinically and in 11 cases by polysomnographic recording.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1989

[Evaluation of the relation of naso-oropharynx region to maxillary dimensions].

Our research was carried out on lateral cephalometric films, maxillary casts and hand-wrist films of 40 patients whose maxillary permanent teeth including the first molars of both sides were existing. These patients, 10 girls and 10 boys at prepubertal stage, and 10 girls and 10 boys at postpubertal stage, neither had an orthodontic treatment nor an adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy operation before. During our studies, hypertrophic tonsils, adenoids and other conditions which would have hindered the nasal respiration had not been detected. Naso-oropharyngeal area and palatal vault depth were measured on the lateral cephalometric films. Again, on the study casts measurements including the volume and depth of the palatal vault, as well as the width of the arch and length of the arch were taken. Comparisons between age groups and sexes were made by evaluating these measurements statistically with paired t-test. Using correlation analysis the relations between these factors were also investigated. Consequently our findings were evaluated in the light of recent publications in the literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Difficult intubation and anesthesia in Pfaundler-Hurler disease].

Because of increasing dyspnea, adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were indicated in a 6-year-old girl with Pfaundler-Hurler disease. The main symptoms were cardiac insufficiency and chronic bronchitis. Because of the large skull with hypoplastic cervical spine, anomalies of facial bones, larynx and jawbone normal intubation was impossible. We therefore performed intubation during spontaneous breathing under inhalation anesthesia and topical anesthesia of the larynx. After exploratory laryngoscopy a preformed Woodbridge tube was inserted into the trachea blind and by ear during of inspiration. The patient's cardiac insufficiency and chronic bronchitis made a balanced anesthesia with reduced dosage of rapifen and halothane necessary. In spite of the poor general prognosis, after the operation a considerable relief of the patient's suffering was noted, because she was able to breathe freely.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The assessment of nasopharyngeal airway space].

In children, the nasopharyngeal airway space is provided by the size of adenoid tissue on the posterior nasopharyngeal wall and the size of nasopharynx. This airway space will be changed by the age. The objective of this study is for evaluating this airway space at the age group 7-8 years, 9-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years and 15-16 years from the cephalograms by assessing is the form of adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio. Two hundred subjects (97 boys, 103 girls) were selected without histories of mouth breathing, or adenoidectomy or previous orthodontic treatment and cephalometrically, they are shown normal inclination of the maxilla and the mandible to cranial base, normal facial index and no anterior open-bite. They were divided into 40 subjects on each age group. From the study, the adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio were found 0.557, 0.487, 0.512, 0.470 and 0.415 at the age 7-8 years, 9-10 years, 11-12 years, 13-14 years and 15-16 years respectively.

Adenoids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tuberculosis of the cervical lymph nodes].

Clinical observations and experiences in the treatment of 52 patients with tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis are presented during the period of 15 yrs. In all patients the diagnosis was confirmed by pathohistological analysis of extirpated lymph nodes. In 88% of patients the caseous necrosis form of tuberculosis was histologically verified while in 12% the productive one. In 87% of patients the tuberculous process was localised unilaterally and in 13% bilaterally. Deep lymph nodes were more frequently involved than those on the surface (58%:42%). Most of the patients were in the third, fourth and fifth decade of life. Female patients were more frequent than males (58%:42%). In all patients the chemotherapy with antituberculous drugs was administered. In 42% patients tonsilectomy was performed with or without adenoidectomy depending on age of the patient. Pathohistologically tuberculosis of the tonsillae was found only in 3 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Medico-legal investigations on 26 cases of accidental death in medical practice].

Records indicate that during the period of 24 years and 3 months (Jan 1963-Mar 1987) Department of Legal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine conducted medico-legal investigations on accidental death of 26 cases in total which occurred in process of medical practice, including 24 judicial autopsies and 2 cases by documentary investigations (clinical anamnesis, clinical diary and testimony records). The breakdown of judicial autopsy cases is following. 1) Age and sex of decedents by accident: One year and downward-2 cases (male 2), Teens-8 cases (male 3, female 5), Twenties-4 cases (male 1, female 3), Thirties-5 cases (male 1, female 4), Forties-3 cases (male 3, female 1), Fifties-3 cases (male 2, female 1), Sixties and Seventies-1 case (male) respectively. 2) Causes of accident: Making injection 17 cases (penicillin, procaine, isozol, vaccine etc., male 7, female 10), operation 3 cases (adenoidectomy, push back of the cleft palate, curettage of the nucleus, male 2, female 1), stomach biopsy 1 case (male), blood transfusion (air embolism, female), and erroneous diagnosis 2 cases (male 1, female 1). 3) Some remarks to be taken account in performance of medicolegal activities were stated for the adequate investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Sleep apnea in children.

Sleep apnea in children develops when airway obstruction at night is severe; however, lesser degrees of obstruction may also cause problems. The most common cause of nighttime obstruction with or without apnea is hyperplasia of the tonsils and adenoids. Other conditions such as craniofacial anomalies and neuromuscular disorders may predispose children to obstruction of the airway during sleep. Although cor pulmonale, heart failure, and cardiorespiratory arrest are the most dramatic results of obstructive apnea, before these occur many other problems may develop that are detrimental to the child's health, including failure to thrive. A careful history and physical examination are usually sufficient to determine if obstruction and apnea are present at night. Additional studies such as sleep sonography and polysomnography are helpful for documentation of the disorder. The treatment of obstructive apnea, unless associated with central apnea, is surgical. The vast majority of children with obstruction have dramatic resolution of their obstruction following a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Occasionally additional procedures including uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tracheotomy are needed.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Partitioning model nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components.

Nasal respiration may be assessed as part of the diagnosis and management of persons with orofacial growth disturbances. It is often evaluated by calculating nasal airway resistance. Traditional methods for measuring nasal airway resistance do not provide information about nasal cavity versus velopharyngeal resistance components. A method that partitions nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components would provide a localized measurement of airway obstruction useful in evaluating the effects of surgical reconstruction of the velopharynx, enlarged adenoids, adenoidectomy, and nasal cavity obstructions along the nasal airway. A modeling project is presented delineating a method for partitioning nasal airway resistance into its nasal cavity and velopharyngeal components.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1988

Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is relatively common in children with Down Syndrome due to anatomical and immunological variations which place them at particular risk. Secondary cardio-respiratory complications of upper airway obstruction may be found at the time of initial diagnosis; these require medical therapy before surgical correction of the OSA is attempted. The selection of appropriate surgical therapy is influenced by the anatomical structure of the individual child. Tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy alone infrequently provide lasting relief of obstruction for these children. We have found that uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), with or without simultaneous anterior reduction of the tongue, alleviates this form of airway obstruction. This paper describes the procedures and reports our experience of six patients with Down syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Characterization of human adenoid cells using surface and functional markers for lymphocyte subpopulations.

Adenoid lymphocytes from children undergoing adenoidectomy were compared with blood cells from the same children using techniques for identifying T cells and B cells. A high proportion of adenoid lymphocytes were immunoglobulin positive cells. Of these only a minor fraction carried receptors for the Fc part of IgG. Adenoid B lymphocytes respond poorly if at all to polyclonal B-cell activators, such as LPS or PPD, which show a different reactivity compared to human splenic cells. The response to anti B2-microglobulin was also different; blood cells responded better than adenoid cells. Thus distinct subpopulations of B lymphocytes reside in different lymphoid organs. The adenoid lymphocyte reactivity might reflect their function in the defence mechanism against infections.

Adenoids↗
PubMed1988

Branhamella catarrhalis meningitis following otolaryngologic surgery.

A case of pyogenic meningitis caused by Branhamella catarrhalis which occurred after pharyngoplasty, adenoidectomy and tympanostomy tube placement is reported. This organism is morphologically similar to Neisseria meningitidis but often produces beta lactamase. Therefore therapy should be directed by proper microbiologic identification and sensitivity results.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acquired disorders affecting the immune system: a case-control study.

The relationship of a number of subacute or chronic infectious diseases, connective tissue or autoimmune disorders, allergic conditions, and surgical excision of lymphoid tissue with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was examined in a case-control study involving 342 cases and 342 matched controls. In both analyses of all matched pairs and those pairs in which both subjects were respondents, no statistically significant association was found between a history of subacute viral infections or subacute and chronic bacterial infections and CLL. Connective tissue or autoimmune disorders also were found not to be associated with CLL. Examination of the association between several allergic conditions and CLL suggested a protective effect as did a "dose-response" analysis, although none of the individual disorders showed a statistically significant relationship; however, a test for linear trend was significant (P = .04). Similarly, examination of the relationship between surgical excision of lymphoid tissue in several anatomic locations and CLL showed a protective effect, statistically significant for tonsillectomy-adenoidectomy (odds ratio = 0.69; 95% confidence interval = 0.48, 0.98). A statistically significant negative dose-response relationship, substantiating the protectiveness of the effect, was found.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Duration and complications following grommet insertion in childhood].

We report 1000 insertions of ventilation tubes in 534 children for secretory otitis media (SOM) within a period of 6 years. In 77.5% of the cases, the air-bone gap was greater than 20 dB. The grommets are allowed to undergo spontaneous expulsion which happened in 319 ears, about 7 months after insertion. SOM recurred in 32.6% of the cases once, in 5.0% of the cases twice, and in 1.9% three times, requiring re-insertion of grommets. Recurrence appeared between 4 and 65 months after the first insertion. In three cases perforations of the tympanic membrane persisted and required tympanoplasty. Tympanometric examination and pure tone audiometry are necessary, in addition to pure tone audiometry to follow up successfully ventilated middle ears and to show recurrence as early as possible. Pre-existing but unsuspected sensorineural hearing loss was discovered in 10 cases. The deprivation of neural auditory pathways in early childhood and the possible retardation of speech development caused by SOM are mentioned. Normal hearing is the most important goal of therapy in children suffering from SOM, and insertion of ventilation tubes is the preferred method of achieving that goal safely. Adenoidectomy and treatment of upper airway infections are indispensable parts of the therapy of SOM. Regular follow up after insertion of grommets and even after their expulsion is necessary because of the high rate of late recurrence of SOM. Induction of cholesteatoma by grommets was not observed.

Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
PubMed1986

Cephalometric radiographs and nasal resistance.

The area of the unoccupied nasopharyngeal airway on standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs was obtained with the aid of a computer using digitization. These values were compared with the nasal resistance of 18 children prior to adenoidectomy. No significant correlation was obtained between the two sets of values. This study provides further confirmation of a lack of any predictable relationship between lateral radiographs of the post-nasal space and nasal airway resistance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Serum immunoglobulins and secretory IgA deficiency in tonsillectomized children.

We studied serum immunoglobulin patterns in 65 children aged 2 to 10 years before and 1 to 4 months after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, and secretory IgA (sIgA) levels in 46 children aged 3 to 10 years before and 1 month after the same operation. Serum immunoglobulin and sIgA values were normal prior to surgery, and significantly lower afterwards. The data emphasize the importance of palatine tonsils not only in the synthesis of monomeric immunoglobulins but also in the synthesis of dimeric immunoglobulins in secretions. Although more long-term, follow-up studies supporting our results are needed, we suggest that a post-adenotonsillectomy drop in immunoglobulin and sIgA levels may predispose children to a constellation of disorders. We recommend, therefore, that serum immunoglobulins and sIgA levels be determined in all children before and after surgery.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Changing patterns of hospitalization for children requiring surgery.

Increasing health care costs have directed public attention to changing rates of hospital care. We examined changes in hospitalization and surgical rates for children during the decade from 1972 to 1981. Total hospitalizations for children younger than 15 years of age increased by only 4% during the decade. For teenagers and young adults (ages 15 to 24 years), hospitalizations declined by 19%. Admissions for surgery declined more for the younger group than for the older one. For children younger than 15 years of age, inpatient tonsillectomies and adenoidectomies (T and A) decreased 43%, representing 58% of the total decline in surgical procedures for this age group. Teaching hospitals continued to provide a sizable proportion of all childhood surgeries and increased their share of both high- and low-technology procedures during the decade. Payment sources varied among procedures. Self-pay varied from a low of 1.6% for T and A to 13.5% for spina bifida. Private insurance or Blue Cross payment varied from 59% for congenital heart disease surgery to 84% for T and A. These data on payments suggest that some children may lack access to some surgical care. Furthermore, insofar as the bulk of payment is from nonfederal sources, changes in hospitalization for surgical procedures will likely come mainly from changing incentives in the private sector.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Morphologic significance of bifid uvula.

Bifid uvula is often regarded as a marker for submucous cleft palate although this relationship has not been fully confirmed. The reason for the tacitly assumed connection between these two anomalies has, in part, been perpetuated by the generally accepted definition of submucous cleft palate as the triad of bifid uvula, notching of the hard palate, and muscular diastasis of the soft palate. Recently, investigations have provided evidence of more subtle manifestations of submucous cleft palate by the use of nasopharyngoscopic examination of the palate and pharynx. It has been determined that submucous cleft palate can occur even when a peroral examination shows an intact uvula. This finding places the "marker" relationship in question. In order to determine the frequency of association between bifid uvula and submucous clefting, a total ascertainment of children with bifid uvula from a suburban pediatric practice was examined nasopharyngoscopically. It was determined that in all but two cases, children with bifid uvula had some or all of the landmarks of submucous cleft palate. Several of the children were found to have velopharyngeal insufficiency and mildly hypernasal speech. This finding prompts caution in the recommendation of adenoidectomy in the presence of bifid uvula.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Upper airway obstruction in craniofacial anomalies: diagnosis and management.

Particular attention to airway problems must be paid to any child with a craniofacial anomaly. Knowledge of the potential for upper airway obstruction in children with craniofacial anomalies, early recognition of the signs of obstruction, and prompt treatment are extremely important aspects of the treatment plan for each patient. An infant with choanal atresia or a nasal glioma will need definitive repair of his specific deformity to ensure the airway prior to consideration of any other problem. Similarly, the child with severe mandibular hypoplasia may require an early tongue-lip adhesion or tracheotomy to relieve airway distress until mandibular growth or surgical advancement enlarges the natural airway. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy may present earlier and with more severe sleep apnea in a child with an already compromised pharyngeal lumen. Early tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy must be considered in these patients even if this may possibly lead to velopharyngeal incompetence. Sleep apnea may also occur as a complication of the creation of a pharyngeal flap. If operative intervention for the craniofacial anomaly is contemplated, the potential for airway problems increases. The anesthetic induction and intubation are extremely difficult in the child with mandibular hypoplasia. The anesthetist and otolaryngologist must have a full range of techniques available to them to accomplish this task. If intermaxillary fixation is required postoperatively, or if the endotracheal tube is in the operative field, consideration should be given to a short-term tracheotomy to protect the airway during and after the operation. Close cooperation among the members of the craniofacial team is mandatory to prevent and/or treat any upper airway obstruction that may occur in the child with a craniofacial anomaly. Anticipation of possible airway compromise, early recognition of any existing obstruction, and prompt management of the problem are imperative to the successful diagnosis and treatment of craniofacial anomalies.

Child↗