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PubMed2000

Image analysis quantification of substance P immunoreactivity in the trapezius muscle of patients with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Substance P (SP), a neurotransmitter stored within the afferent nociceptive fibers, is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of musculoskeletal pain. We investigated SP immunoreactive (SP-ir) nerve fibers in the upper trapezius of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) by immunochemistry. METHODS: Trapezius muscle obtained from tender points of 9 women with primary FM, from trigger points of 9 women with regional myofascial pain, and from 9 control women were immunostained with anti-SP sera. Quantitative evaluation was performed by computerized image analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in the number of SP-ir areas were detected between groups (one way ANOVA: p = 0.2); in contrast, mean optical density (OD) of SP-ir showed a significant difference comparing the groups (one way ANOVA: p < 0.0001). Mean OD of the immunostaining for SP was statistically greater in trapezius muscle of patients with MPS (0.594 +/- 0.096) compared to specimens from patients with FM (0.436 +/- 0.140) (p < 0.05) and controls (0.314 +/- 0.105) (p < 0.05); mean OD of immunostaining for SP was greater in FM specimens than in controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results point to a peripheral hyperactivity of the peptidergic nervous system in FM as well as in MPS. These findings support the notion of pathogenetic involvement of the afferent nervous system in the development and perception of myofascial pain.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Automated nerve fibre size and myelin sheath measurement using microcomputer-based digital image analysis: theory, method and results.

In either clinical or research settings, manual measurement and counting of myelinated fibres in peripheral nerve is tedious and error-prone, yet fully automatic computerized counting and measuring of fibres fails to count small fibres and eliminate extraneous profiles in the tissue. This article describes an operator-interactive, semiautomated method for quantification of myelinated nerve fibre data using commercially available hardware and software on an inexpensive, yet full-featured image analysis system based on a microcomputer. Software macros automate the acquisition of data from the microscope images and the production of numerical and graphic data, with output to either paper hardcopy or 35 mm colour slides. User control is retained for dynamic thresholding, binary image creation and elimination of artifacts. In addition to generating the classic histogram showing the size distribution of nerve fibres, the thickness and variability of myelin sheaths are also graphically depicted. The method is based on measurement of myelin area and total perimeter, with calculation of equivalent circles and diameters for both axon and nerve fibre. Measured fibre sizes are thus somewhat larger than those resulting from manual methods using the minor diameter of an oval profile, or mean diameter of crenated or irregular profiles. The method allows the rapid measurement and counting of numbers of fibres previously impossible to assess manually, or using digitizing tablets. By increasing the speed and accuracy of data acquisition and processing using widely available microcomputers, the method may allow a better description of peripheral nerve changes in research and clinical settings.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1985

Effect of 0.3 ppm ozone exposure on type II cells and alveolar walls of newborn mice: an image-analysis quantitation.

Newborn Swiss-Webster mice were exposed to intermittent 0.3 ppm ozone (O3) for 6 wk, and the lungs of 137 exposed and 138 control animals (275 of the 301 in the colony) were suitable for computer-assisted image-analysis quantitation. Data were obtained on numbers and areas of lactate dehydrogenase stained type II cells, and also area, perimeters, and linear intercepts of the alveolar wall. As noted in an earlier study of adult mice, ozone exposure increased all cell and wall measurements. In contrast to the adult animal findings, there was a greater increase in mean type II cell area (p = 0.07) than in numbers of type II cells, with the latter increase falling short of statistical significance. The increase in cell area at the expense of cell number may largely be due to cell pairing or multicell clustering, events that would mask type II cell hyperplasia. Ozone effects on the type II cell population implicate damage to the type I alveolar lining cells. Moreover, the increases in alveolar wall measurements that were found in both the adult and developing mouse lung imply an alteration of the lung scaffolding, and this raises the question of impaired regeneration of the epithelial lining.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Three-dimensional image analysis of trauma-induced degenerative changes: an aid to neuropsychological assessment.

A single case study is presented that depicts three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the day of injury computerized tomogram (CT) findings with the degenerative changes identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MR) 18 months postinjury. The method allows the clinician to examine 3D changes in the ventricular system as an aid in identifying regions of structural damage in one view rather than the need to view multiple images with the traditional two-dimensional (2D) presentation of CT or MR images. In this case study the neuropsychological deficits implicated generalized cerebrocortical dysfunction and the 3D image analysis correspondingly indicated generalized parenchymal tissue loss. This type of methodology is discussed in terms of furthering the neuropsychological-neuroimaging interface.

Clinical Conference↗
PubMed2001

Synaptic membrane morphology in the rat cerebral cortex during development: image analysis of freeze-etching replicas of isolated synapses and synapses in situ.

Both synaptic sites in situ from rat cerebral cortex and isolated ones in synaptosomal and growth cone fractions derived from it were studied during postnatal development. Freeze-etching technique and image analysis were used to determine the size of the intramembranous particles in the pre- and postsynaptic sites. At each age investigated, the greatest mean particle size was established on the E-face of the postsynaptic sites and ranges from 6.2 nm (day 0) to nearly 10 nm (day 90). The continuous mean particle size increase from birth to maturity shows the same rate but a different rhythm for the two synaptic sites. The results indicate that fractionation do not disturb the correlation between the particle size and age thus outlining the stability of the developing synaptic membrane morphology to physical treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Quantification of epidermal histological changes induced by topical retinoids and CD271 in the rhino mouse model using a standardized image analysis technique.

The rhino mouse has been used as an experimental model to screen topically active comedolytic agents. Adult rhino mice were treated on the back once daily for 5 consecutive days per week during 3 weeks. Skin histological preparations were analyzed by image analysis techniques to quantify the number of epidermal comedones, comedo profile and epidermal thickness. Using both a negative (treated with acetone) and a positive (treated with Aberel gel 0.025%) control group of animals in all experiments conducted over a period of about 3 years, we defined the upper and lower limit of acceptability of the results. Topical treatment with an acetone solution of all-trans retinoic acid (0.01, 0.03, 0.1%) and 13-cis-retinoic acid (0.1%) induced comedolysis and a marked increase in epidermal thickness. Commercial preparations of all-trans retinoic acid (Aberel lotion, gel and cream, Retin A cream, Retacnyl cream) presented a similar comedolytic activity. However, the epidermal thickening was higher with Retin A and weaker with Retacnyl. CD271, a new modulator of cell differentiation, applied either in acetone solution (0.01, 0.1%) or in lotion, gel or cream formulations (0.1%) also demonstrated a marked activity (i.e. comedolysis and epidermal thickening). These data confirm that the rhino mouse model can be used to assay drugs applied either in solvent or in topical formulations. Activity in this model compares favorably with published clinical observations in the treatment of acne.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of rat femoral, sternebral and lumbar vertebral bone marrow fat content by subjective assessment and image analysis of histological sections.

A subjective assessment of the amount of fat within the available marrow space was made from histological sections of the femur, sternebrae and lumbar vertebrae in rats. The sternebrae and vertebrae showed considerably less variability than the femur. Comparison between subjective assessment and image analysis of femoral bone marrow fat showed that there is no great advantage to be gained from using the latter technique. It was concluded that evaluation of sternebral and vertebral bone marrow results in a more accurate assessment of fat content.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of hyperbaric stress on yeast morphology: study by automated image analysis.

The effects of hyperbaric stress on the morphology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied in batch cultures under pressures between 0.1 MPa and 0.6 MPa and different gas compositions (air, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon dioxide), covering aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A method using automatic image analysis for classification of S. cerevisiae cells based on their morphology was developed and applied to experimental data. Information on cell size distribution and bud formation throughout the cell cycle is reported. The results show that the effect of pressure on cell activity strongly depends on the nature of the gas used for pressurization. While nitrogen and air to a maximum of 0.6 MPa of pressure were innocuous to yeast, oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure caused cell inactivation, which was confirmed by the reduction of bud cells with time. Moreover, a decrease in the average cell size was found for cells exposed for 7.5 h to 0.6 MPa CO2.

Air Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Use of nonlinear mapping in multivariate image analysis of molecule projections.

A nonlinear mapping algorithm has been designed for the statistical analysis of sets of images in electron microscopy. The algorithm is appropriate in situations where it is not isolated features that determine the clustering or trends in the data set but a combination of several simultaneously changing features. The combination of the nonlinear mapping algorithm with correspondence analysis offers a way of ordering a set of images according to the variations of a single feature, as well as according to the combined variation of several independent features. The application of the combined algorithms ranges from image selection for averaging procedures to the sorting of images, that inherently form a tilt series. These sorted images then can be used for the three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Prognostic significance of DNA quantitation in stage D1 prostate carcinoma with the use of image analysis.

BACKGROUND: A characteristic feature of prostatic adenocarcinoma is its great variation in biologic behavior. This variation and the observation that most carcinomas are of intermediate grade make standard histologic grading of limited value in determining the prognosis of a patient. METHODS: DNA quantitation with the use of computer-assisted image analysis on Feulgen-stained nuclei was performed on the metastatic lymph nodes from patients with Stage D1 prostate carcinoma to determine whether ploidy was a useful predictor of survival or progression. The Gleason histologic score of the primary tumor, the number and extent of lymph node metastases, and the progression and survival intervals were documented. Treatment modalities included pelvic lymph node dissection, radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, and iodine 125 implantation. RESULTS: DNA ploidy quantitation showed that 65% (33 of 51) of cases were aneuploid, 2% (1 of 51) were tetraploid, and 33% (17 of 51) were in the diploid range. Progression to Stage D2 disease occurred in 76% of the patients with aneuploid cases and 53% of those with cases in the diploid range. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in progression between the two ploidy groups (Cox regression analysis, P less than 0.05).

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1993

[Image analysis of effects of 4 drugs on coronary occlusion and myocardial reperfusion injury].

Myocardial infarction induced by coronary occlusion (O model) and reperfusion (R model) and the effects of nitroglycerin (Nit), propranolol (Pro), lidocaine (Lid), nifedipine (Nif), and saline were studied in rats by image analysis and weighing methods. The results showed that the myocardial infarct size (MIS) in R and O models were 27 +/- 8% and 39 +/- 6%, respectively (P < 0.01). The roundness and the distances from the border of the infarct zone (IZ) to endocardium or epicardium in R model were greater than those in O model, while the gray level difference between normal and infarct myocardium (delta G) in the R model was less than that in O model. MIS of Nit group in O and R models were 23 +/- 12% and 16 +/- 7%, respectively, which were significantly less than those in Lid, Nif groups, and saline. The reduction of MIS was also found in Pro group in both models. The results suggested that early restoration of blood flow resulted in the salvage of injured myocardium and Nit and Pro were found to have beneficial effects in both models.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunodetection of HER-2/neu protein in frozen sections evaluated by image analysis: correlation with overall and disease-free survival in breast carcinomas.

The immunodetection of HER-2/neu oncogene product was performed in 108 breast carcinomas using immunoperoxidase technique. Monoclonal anti HER-2/neu protein was applied on frozen sections. Immunoprecipitates were evaluated by a computerized system of image analysis (SAMBA). The percentage of the immunostained tissue surfaces and mean optical densities were correlated with the 5 year overall and disease-free survival rates. It was shown that in optimal conditions of antigen preservation and standardized method of immunoprecipitates evaluation, 67% of breast carcinomas were more than 20% pHER-2/neu positive. The pHER-2/neu overexpression was not significantly correlated with the overall 5 year survival. However large positive anti pHER-2/neu surfaces were correlated with higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.0013) and of metastases (p = 0.035).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The impact of ofloxacin on rat testicular DNA: application of image analysis.

Ofloxacin induces its antibacterial action mainly by inhibition of DNA gyrase which is equivalent to topoisomerase II in mammalian cells. The present study was focused on the impact of ofloxacin on rat testicular DNA ploidy in a dose-response relationship using an image analysis technique on testicular sections following Fuelgen DNA staining. Sperm count and motility as well as sperm head abnormality tests were also investigated. Ofloxacin was given p.o. in doses of 36, 72 and 360 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 15 consecutive days. The animals were then left to live safely to day 60 from starting the experiment to give them a chance to complete the cycle of spermatogenesis. Results revealed that ofloxacin significantly decreased the percentage of haploid cells in a dose-dependent manner with concomitant increase in the percentage of diploid cells. Sperm count and motility was also markedly decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Sperm head abnormality showed no marked change following ofloxacin treatment. In conclusion, ofloxacin induced a marked disturbance in rat testicular DNA ploidy, which may be explained on the basis of cross-reactivity to topoisomerase II.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Concanavalin A crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis and image analysis for semiquantitative evaluation of microheterogeneity profiles of human serum transferrin from alcoholics and normal individuals.

The microheterogeneity profile of human serum transferrin from normal and alcoholic subjects was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively by means of Concanavalin A crossed affinity immunoelectrophoresis and an image analysis program. Differences in amounts of nonreacting transferrin molecules were found, suggesting an increase in triantennary glycosylation of transferrin from alcoholics compared with normal individuals. The increased amount of a highly retarded fraction in crude sera from alcoholics was demonstrated to be artefactual, probably due to entrapment or coprecipitation as the fraction disappeared after repeating the analysis with immunosorbent-purified transferrin. In conclusion, affinity electrophoresis represents a simple approach for demonstration of variations in the neutral monosaccharides of glycans and can discriminate between transferrin from alcoholics and normal individuals.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Improved detection of DNA aneuploidy in primary breast cancer using quantitative DNA image analysis in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization technique.

To obtain more information about the relationship between numerical aberrations of chromosome 1 and the overall DNA content of breast cancer cells, fluorescent in situ hybridization with a pericentromeric probe for this chromosome and image analysis based densitometry were carried out on imprints of benign (15 cases, mainly fibroadenomas) and malignant breast disease (31 invasive ductal carcinomas out of 45 cases). The most pronounced aneuploidy was observed in invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma cases both by in situ hybridization and DNA content (76.7 and 75.0% were aneuploid). The frequency of cells with two spots for chromosome 1 was 48.3 and 51.5%, respectively, as compared to 80.3% in control lymphocytes. There was a weak overall correlation (r2 = 0.83) between DNA content and copy number of chromosome 1 in the malignant samples, although some of the DNA diploid/near diploid carcinomas showed a marked aneusomy for this chromosome. Also, some aberrations were present in the benign breast disease samples. Classification of cases by a linear discriminant analysis was most accurate when both techniques were combined (77% of cases correctly classified, according to anatomo-pathological diagnosis). The variables which received the highest weight in the linear discriminant function are the percentage DNA-diploid cells and the fraction of cells with two spots for chromosome 1. The sensitivity and sources of error of both techniques is considered.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1984

Image Analysis of Geo-Induced Inhibition, Compression, and Promotion of Growth in an Inverted Helianthus annuus L. Seedling.

The growth responses of a sunflower seedling (Helianthus annuus L.), subjected to repeated inversion, were characterized by time-lapse recording in conjunction with video image analysis. The investigation revealed a characteristic response pattern and established that the directional movement of the seedling is achieved by both inhibition and stimulation of growth in the normal growing regions. The complex growth changes in contiguous regions of the hypocotyl are such as seem to be inexplicable in terms of an environmentally imposed gradient of a single growth substance.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

DNA ploidy in cervical lesions assessed by computed image analysis: relation to histopathology.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the different patterns of DNA nuclear content in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. STUDY DESIGN: DNA nuclear content patterns (DNA ploidy) were assessed in 82 paraffin embedded samples diagnosed as chronic cervicitis CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3 by image analysis using the CAS200 BD System. These results were compared to the consensus diagnosis of two pathologists. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the results of classificatory variables (CIN 1, CIN 2 and CIN 3). RESULTS: Aneuploidy was found in 86% of CIN 3; 59% CIN 2; 26%% CIN 1. All samples classified as chronic cervicitis were diploid. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA nuclear content was found to parallel the three grades of the histological WHO classification. Aneuploidy was strongly associated with the high-grade lesions; the detection of a subset aneuploidy of low grade lesions would suggest a indicate closer follow-up of these cases.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1995

Quantification of fungal hyphae in leaves of deciduous trees by automated image analysis.

An optical method to quantify the fungal hyphae within decomposing leaves of deciduous trees was developed. The plant matrix was partially destroyed under hydrolytic conditions, and fungal hyphae and cellulose residues within the leaves were stained with Calcofluor M2R. Cellulose residues were subsequently depolymerized by cellulase, and fungal hyphae were separated from the remaining plant matrix with a pressurized air-water mixture. An image analysis program to quantify the fungal hyphae was written. The program included the recognition of fungal hyphae, the elimination of stomata from the images, and the measuring of lengths of fungal hyphae. The optical method was verified by a chemical method relying on glucosamine as an indicator of fungal biomass. The fungal biomass in leaves of Fagus silvatica and Quercus petraea at early states of decomposition was 0.2 to 0.4% of the leaf weight. The biomass reached a maximum within 2 to 4 weeks (optical method, 0.5 to 0.7%; chemical method, 1 to 1.4% of the initial leaf weight) and decreased thereafter.

Journal Article↗