Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “developmental delay”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Congenital curvilinear palpable hyperpigmentation.

We report two cases of congenital curvilinear palpable hyperpigmentation on the posterior aspect of bilateral legs in male infants. These lesions appeared shortly after birth and mimicked child abuse with looped cord or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Histopathologic features showed lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia. One of the boys also had severe global developmental delay with abnormal findings from magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. We believe that these lesions represent a new type of congenital hyperpigmentation that we termed "congenital curvilinear palpable hyperpigmentation." Although these lesions do not follow the lines of Blaschko, they may also be associated with neurologic and developmental abnormalities.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Training graduate students in parent conference skills.

Twelve graduate students were trained in three categories of parent conference skills: communicating diagnostic information, communicating recommendations, and organizing the conference and interacting with parents. Training done individually with each student consisted of written programmed learning materials plus oral practice. Training effects were measured during role-play and actual parent conferences. Training effectiveness was assessed with a multiple baseline design across three skill categories. Eleven of 12 students exhibited significant skill acquisition and nine generalized skills to an actual parent conference. Professionals and parents of developmentally delayed children attested to the importance and effectiveness of the training program. Results demonstrated that parent conference skills can be operationalized, trained, and generalized to actual conferences.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sleep disorder and epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis: a questionnaire-based study.

Sleep disorders were investigated in 40 children with tuberous sclerosis (TS) and compared with those found in non-disabled children and those reported in a mixed group with learning disabilities. Significantly higher levels of sleep disturbance were found in the TS group compared with both other groups. Within the TS group, current epilepsy and a high level of daytime behavioural disturbance were significantly associated with sleep disturbance, but pervasive developmental delay and high parental stress levels were not. Detailed study of the relationship between seizure activity and sleep disturbance in tuberous sclerosis is needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

In utero and lactational exposure of the male rat to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin impairs prostate development. 2. Effects on growth and cytodifferentiation.

In the male Holtzman rat, in utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure decreases prostate weight without inhibiting testicular androgen production or decreasing circulating androgen concentrations. Therefore, the present study sought to characterize effects of TCDD exposure on prostate development, from very early outgrowth from the urogenital sinus (Gestation Day [GD] 20) until rapid growth and differentiation are essentially complete (Postnatal Day [PND] 32). Pregnant Holtzman rats were administered a single dose of TCDD (1.0 microgram/kg po) or vehicle on GD 15 and offspring were exposed via placental transfer (GD 20 euthanasia) or placental and subsequent lactational transfer until euthanasia (if before PND 21) or weaning. Results show that the prostatic epithelial budding process was impaired by in utero TCDD exposure, as evidence by significant decreases in the number of buds emerging from dorsal, lateral, and ventral aspects of the GD 20 urogenital sinus. Ventral prostate cell proliferation index was significantly decreased on PND 1 but was similar to or higher than control at later times, whereas apoptosis was an extremely rare event in ventral prostates from both control and TCDD-exposed animals. Delays were noted in the differentiation of pericordal smooth muscle cells and luminal epithelial cells. In addition, ventral prostates from approximately 40% of TCDD-exposed animals examined on PNDs 21 and 32 exhibited alterations in the histological arrangement of cell types that could not be explained by a developmental delay. Compared to controls, these ventral prostates exhibited a disorganized, hyperplastic epithelium containing fewer luminal epithelial cells and an increased density or continuous layer of basal epithelial cells, as well as thicker periductal smooth muscle sheaths. In addition, in ventral prostates from TCDD-exposed animals, the intensity of androgen receptor staining was relatively low in the central and distal epithelium, and the number of androgen receptor-positive cells was relatively high in the periductal stroma. These data suggest that in utero and lactational TCDD exposure interferes with prostate development by decreasing very early epithelial growth, delaying cytodifferentiation, and, in the most severely affected animals, producing alterations in epithelial and stromal cell histological arrangement and the spatial distribution of androgen receptor expression that may be of permanent consequence.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Early identification of infants at risk for developmental disabilities.

Early identification of infants at risk for developmental delay is of the utmost importance to initiate appropriate intervention. Although early detection can be a challenge, the primary care practitioner is in the ideal position to recognize and refer these children. Early recognition requires an in-depth knowledge of the child's history, general physical examination, and developmental level and an understanding of the expected developmental precursors of a skill. Referral to appropriate interventional resources leads to a formalized developmental and neurologic evaluation. If necessary, the development of an interdisciplinary comprehensive plan of remediation can occur and a definitive diagnosis can be made. If no significant problem is found, a decision to provide expectant observation is warranted.

Child Development↗
PubMed1998

Structural complexity and the time course of grammatical development.

One traditional view of the time course of language acquisition holds that a child's difficulties in learning her language are due to general processing, memory or conceptual limitations. As the child's cognitive capacities expand, so do her abilities to use her already-acquired grammar or to recognize additional properties of her soon-to-be native language. Recent work in the study of child language, however, has discovered the existence of a number of characteristic stages, transitions between which are best described in the terms of linguistic theory proper. These stages are surprising under a view of language acquisition according to which developmental delay derives from general cognitive limitations, which cannot characterize difficulties explicable only in language-specific terms. At the same time, current linguistic theories so severely restrict the variation among possible human grammars that there remains little reason why there should be any learning problem at all or characteristic developmental stages. In this paper, I propose that these two views can be reconciled. I show that children's difficulties with a wide range of syntactic constructions, which are indeed best defined in linguistic terms, should nonetheless be derived from limitations on the child's ability to deal with processing load and formal representational complexity. I suggest however that this can be done only in the context of a particular view of syntactic representation, one which is articulated in the terms of the formal system of tree adjoining grammar (TAG). I demonstrate how precisely those difficulties that children experience in the acquisition of relative clauses, adjectival modification, control constructions, raising, wh-questions and the obligatoriness of finite inflection can be traced to the complexity associated with one of the TAG combinatory operations, adjoining. This proposal relates this apparently disparate set of constructions in a novel way and provides us with a new type of explanation for the time course of syntactic development in terms of the complexity of formal grammatical devices.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Developmental and behavioral effects of maternal alcohol exposure in rats.

Fostered rat offspring whose mothers had been administered 7.5% alcohol solution (4.85 g/kg/day) as drinking fluid during 0-17 days of gestation were compared with equivalent groups whose dams had given ad libitum and restricted volume of tap water in the following behavioral tests: reflex test, swimming behavior test, open-field test, radial-maze learning and two-way avoidance learning. The treatment with alcohol resulted in developmental delay in ear-flaps uncurling, placing reflex, swimming behavior, walking in addition to reduction in body weight at 1 and 7 days of age. The treated group also exhibited decreased open-field activity and deficit in the avoidance learning. The results show that maternal alcohol consumption produces developmental and behavioral deficits in offspring, which are comparable to the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cutis verticis gyrata in a neonate.

The primary form of cutis verticis gyrata, a rare skin lesion, is described for the first time in a neonate in whom it was associated with other congenital anomalies. The combination of a histologically normal skin biopsy from the lesion and neurologic deficit supported the diagnosis; follow-up at 7 months of age showed persistent hypotonia and significant developmental delay. Differentiation of primary and secondary forms of cutis verticis gyrata and currently recognized etiologies are also briefly reviewed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2000

Girl with accelerated growth, hearing loss, inner ear anomalies, delayed myelination of the brain, and del(22)(q13.1q13.2).

We report on an 18-month-old Japanese girl with 46,XX,del(22)(q13.1q13.2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of interstitial deletion of a 22q13.1-q13.2 segment. Clinical features included hearing loss accompanied by inner ear anomalies, hypotonia and minor anomalies, such as a long philtrum, full eyelids, epicanthus, left transverse palmar crease and psychomotor developmental delay. Despite the chromosomal deletion, her physical growth was accelerated: her height was between the 75th and 90th percentiles for her age. Her brain MRI showed signs of delayed myelination. The three-dimensional MRI of the inner ear showed abnormalities of the cochlea and vestibule in both ears. Clinical features of the patient are similar to those of a patient with a del(22)(q13.1q13.33) karyotype previously reported by Romain et al.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2005

Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene.

Neurobiology of speech and language has previously been studied in the KE family, in which half of the members have severe impairment in both speech and language. The gene responsible for the phenotype was mapped to chromosome 7q31 and identified as the FOXP2 gene, coding for a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. Because of linkage studies implicating 7q31 in autism, where language impairment is a component of the disorder, and in specific language impairment, FOXP2 has also been considered as a potential susceptibility locus for the language deficits in autism and/or specific language impairment. In this study, we characterized mice with a disruption in the murine Foxp2 gene. Disruption of both copies of the Foxp2 gene caused severe motor impairment, premature death, and an absence of ultrasonic vocalizations that are elicited when pups are removed from their mothers. Disruption of a single copy of the gene led to modest developmental delay but a significant alteration in ultrasonic vocalization in response to such separation. Learning and memory appear normal in the heterozygous animals. Cerebellar abnormalities were observed in mice with disruptions in Foxp2, with Purkinje cells particularly affected. Our findings support a role for Foxp2 in cerebellar development and in a developmental process that subsumes social communication functions in diverse organisms.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Developmental screening of children diagnosed with congenital heart defects.

Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are more likely than normal children to have developmental delays. The development of 64 children with CHD less than 6 years old was screened with the Denver II. Thirty-five of the 64 children had CHD that required surgical or catheter intervention. These 35 children were significantly less likely than other children with CHD to be normal on developmental screening (46% vs 86%, respectively). Thirty-four percent of children with more severe CHD were referred for early intervention. As research shows the efficacy of early intervention, results indicate the need for early developmental evaluation of children with CHD of hemodynamic significance.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1989

[Congenital myopathy without specific features (minimal change myopathy)].

A case of Congenital myopathy without specific features was reported. The main clinical findings were generalized muscle weakness and delayed developmental milestones. Histological and histochemical examination on the biopsied muscles demonstrated minimal nonspecific changes, mild variation in fiber size without structure and enzyme abnormality. No prominent necrotic changes were found and Ulrich and Fukuyama type of congenital myopathy were excluded. The abnormal muscle pathology was assumed to have resulted from delayed muscle fiber growth due to defective neural influence.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Manifestations of diabetes mellitus on mouse preimplantation development: effect of elevated concentration of metabolic intermediates.

The metabolic derangements of pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus, specifically hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia, are known to be teratogenic during the period of organogenesis in animals. We have shown previously that poorly controlled diabetes mellitus impairs in-vivo and in-vitro mouse preimplantation embryo growth, and that culturing embryos in elevated glucose concentrations only partially recreates this developmental delay. To extend this observation we examined the effect on mouse preimplantation embryo growth of elevated concentrations of other metabolic intermediates, which may be deranged in diabetes mellitus, namely lipids, lactate, glycerol, amino acids, and ketones. Two-cell embryos from ovulation-induced B6C3F1 mice were cultured for 72 h in the presence of added lipids (250 mg/dl), lactate (5 mM), glycerol (160 microM) or mixed amino acids (8.5% travasol, 7 mM) and showed no significant difference in growth over 72 h versus their control groups. However, growth of preimplantation embryos in acetoacetate (10 mM) or in the racemic mixture of DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate (16 and 32 mM) revealed marked retardation versus controls when assessed either by distribution of developmental stages over time (24, 48, 72 h, P < 0.001) or by the difference in the average rank of sums indicating a delay in maturation (P < 0.0001). We conclude that elevated ketone concentrations adversely affect preimplantation embryo development. These findings extend previous studies which correlate uncontrolled diabetes mellitus as well as hyperglycaemia with abnormal organogenesis, and demonstrate that exposure to metabolic derangements may also hinder reproductive performance at even earlier stages in gestation.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1991

Surgical treatment and long-term neurodevelopmental outcome for infants with idiopathic aqueductal stenosis.

Evaluation of in utero shunting for fetal ventriculomegaly requires an analysis of the ex utero treatment of a comparison population of infants with idiopathic aqueductal stenosis (IAS). In this study, 14 neonates with IAS were followed with detailed developmental assessment profiles for 18 months or longer. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the preoperative and postoperative frontal cortical mantle widths (FCMW) were determined for each patient. Four of 14 children demonstrated normal outcomes while 5 of 14 children showed abnormal outcomes. The remaining 5 children demonstrated minimally impaired outcomes. No child with a postoperative FCMW below 30 mm showed normal development on any scale, while all children with abnormal development demonstrated a postoperative FCMW of 21 mm or less. In conclusion, the prognosis for normal long-term neurodevelopment in infants with IAS, despite prompt ex utero treatment, is guarded; the majority of such children will show developmental delays of varying degrees. The FCMW serves as a reasonable prognostic indicator in this patient population.

Cerebral Aqueduct↗
PubMed2001

Regression of attained milestones in an HIV infected infant.

We report a case of an 18-month-old child with regression of attained developmental milestones as a manifestation of HIV encephalopathy. This is the first such report in Indian literature. Commencing antiretroviral therapy in this child resulted in arrest of further regression of milestones. This alerts pediatricians to be aware that early developmental delay and regression may be a presenting manifestation of HIV infection in a child.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1987

Maltreated children's developmental scores: treatment versus nontreatment.

Following treatment in a therapeutic day treatment program, a group of 35 maltreated children were compared to a matched group of 35 maltreated children who had not been enrolled in a therapeutic day treatment program. The results of matched pairs t-test analyses indicated that the treatment subjects had significantly higher developmental scores in five areas of development--fine motor, cognitive, gross motor, social/emotional, and language. Further, pretest and posttest comparisons of the percentile scores of the treatment group indicated that the posttest scores were significantly higher than the pretest scores. This study demonstrates that remediation of developmental delays in maltreated children under the age of 6 years can be accomplished through an intensive day treatment program.

Child Abuse↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements (DBCR): report of two new cases.

Disease associated balanced chromosome rearrangements (DBCR) causing truncation, deletion, inactivation or over-expression of specific genes are instrumental in identifying and cloning several disease genes and are estimated to be much more common than anticipated. In one survey, the minimal frequency of combined balanced de novo reciprocal translocations and inversions causing abnormal phenotype is estimated to be 0.17%, a sixfold increase compared to the general population suggesting a causative linkage between the abnormality and the observed phenotypic traits. Here, we report two new cases of apparently balanced de novo translocations resulting in developmental delay and dysmorphic features.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗