Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vision Screening”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,513 records · Page 84Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Amblyopia, refractive errors and strabismus in congenital ptosis].

The incidence of amblyopia in the normal population is 2-6%, whereas among patients with congenital ptosis it can be as high as 50%. We reviewed 146 cases of congenital ptosis in patients aged between 5 months and 15 years and compared them to a control group of 34 age- and sex-matched patients. In 78 children (156 eyes) reliable optotype visual acuity could be obtained. Fifty-three eyes (34%) were amblyopic. Ametropia was responsible for 34% and anisometropia for 28.3% of the amblyopia cases. In 25.4% of cases strabismus, and in 11.34% stimulus deprivation, was the reason for the development of amblyopia. Children with congenital ptosis should have retinoscopy done in cycloplegia, and refractive errors should be corrected early. Controlled patching therapy should also be started early. Since stimulus deprivation amblyopia is rare, congenital ptosis need not be corrected early in life.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1997

Corneal astigmatism in preschool Native Americans.

BACKGROUND: Native Americans tend to have high amounts of corneal and refractive with-the-rule astigmatism. This condition is reported to be of recent onset. Astigmatism has been shown to be prevalent in preschool-age children but, because of the process of emmetropization, this condition generally disappears by school age. Navajo children have been shown, however, to enter first grade with high mean amounts and high prevalence of with-the-rule astigmatism. This study was undertaken to ascertain whether with-the-rule astigmatism decreased in Navajo preschool children as they grew older. METHODS: Cross-sectional keratometric data were gathered on 250 preschool Navajo children from three states in the four corners district of the Navajo nation. RESULTS: High mean amounts of with-the-rule corneal astigmatism are prevalent at each age represented in this study. Girls have steeper corneas and more astigmatism than boys. Although the steepness of the corneal curve generally decreases slightly but significantly with age, the calculated astigmatism does not. The steepness of corneas also appears to vary by geographical area of residence within the Navajo nation. CONCLUSIONS: Emmetropization, with respect to the disappearance of astigmatism, does not appear to take place among the Navajo as it does in either Caucasian or Asian preschool-age children.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1997

To wear or not to wear: current contact lens use in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

OBJECTIVE: The Canadian Ophthalmological Society was asked by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and the Canadian Human Rights Commission to render an opinion on the acceptability of contact lenses as a reasonable accommodation to the uncorrected visual acuity standard. DESIGN: Survey by mailed questionnaire. SETTING: Canada. SUBJECTS: All RCMP general duty constables with a visual acuity code of V3, V4, V5 or V6 (n = 348) and a random sample of approximately 25% of the constables with an acuity code of V2 (n = 809). Of the 1040 questionnaires returned, 1037 were usable (final response rate 89.6%). Of the 1037 respondents 316 were in the V3 to V6 group and 721 were in the V2 group. OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported frequency of problems with spectacles or contact lenses, weighted according to sampling fraction. RESULTS: A total of 934 respondents indicated that they used some form of visual acuity correction while on duty; of the 934, 360 reported that they wore contact lenses at least some of the time. Approximately 75% of the spectacle wearers reported having to remove their spectacles because of fogging or rain. Although contact lens dislogement or fogging (21.2%) was less frequent than spectacle dislogement (59.2%), 35.4% of the contact lens wearers reported that they were unable to wear their lenses because of irritation on at least one occasion in the previous 2 years; the median length of time was 3.14 days. When the additional amount of time due to other causes is factored in, it is clear that contact lens users wear spectacles for substantial periods while on duty. CONCLUSIONS: Not only are RCMP general duty constables who usually wear contact lenses likely to have to wear spectacles at some time, but it is also possible that they will have to remove their spectacles and function in an uncorrected state in critical situations. Thus, altering the current standard to allow the use of contact lenses as a reasonable accommodation would not ensure effective and safe job performance.

Canada↗
PubMed1997

Pseudo-exfoliation syndrome in Chivi District: a disease with no geographical or racial boundaries.

OBJECTIVE: To report on the high prevalence of pseudo-exfoliation syndrome and to suggest its possible link with glaucoma in Black Zimbabweans. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Chivi District. SUBJECTS: A simple random sample of 148 blind people selected from a sampling frame of 886 blind people in Chivi district. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of pseudo-exfoliation syndrome. RESULTS: Pseudo-exfoliation was found among people between 55 and 90 years old. Of the sampled population 7.4% had PXS. Out of 17 eyes, cataracts were found in 12, glaucoma in eight, and spontaneous dislocated lenses in two. CONCLUSION: Pseudo-exfoliation is not rare in Chivi district and further research is needed to establish if it may be associated with glaucoma among Black Zimbabweans.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

The Hong Kong vision study: a pilot assessment of visual impairment in adults.

PURPOSE: The Hong Kong Adult Vision Pilot Study is a population based study of the distribution and determinants of eye disease in a random sample of the Chinese population age 40 and over. The present pilot study identifies the extent and causes of visual loss using methods developed in the United States and Australia. The pilot study uses the prevalence data to estimate the sample size necessary to predict the size of an effect a larger study may detect and the confidence with which that effect may be considered and the standard deviation of the Hong Kong population. The smallest detectable odds ratios were calculated based on known risk factor prevalence rates of the pilot study. METHODS: Hong Kong Chinese residents aged 40 and over in 2 random cluster sites were identified by private household census. The examinations were performed at one location and included, health history and habits, presenting and best corrected LogMar vision, Humphrey visual field and IOP measurement, dilated slit lamp, fundus examination, fundus photography and echography. RESULTS: In the two test sites, 355 people were examined of the 441 eligible residents (81% response). 76.6% of the population reported a change in vision in the last 10 years; 45% had not sought examination. 4.54% had vision less than 20/60. This was caused by: myopic choroidal degeneration (31%), cataract (19%), cataract + ARM (19%), ARMD (19%), glaucoma (6%), and corneal disease (6%). Vision loss increased significantly with age. Vision loss was more common in older women than in older men. The prevalence rates calculated from the pilot study data were used, requiring a relative precision of 95% and +/- 20% confidence interval of the prevalence rates, indicate that a sample size of 2500 would be a good number for a larger study. CONCLUSIONS: The methods developed in the United States and Australia for completing eye disease prevalence studies are applicable in Hong Kong. Vision loss is increasingly common in older people and the percent of visual impairment in Hong Kong is higher than studies in the US and Australia. As the population ages demands on the health care systems will increase. The results from this pilot warrant continuation of the study. Efforts must be directed toward prevention of visual loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Age-related eye disease in the elderly members of rural African community.

The results of eye examination of the elderly persons (above age sixty years) in a rural population in south-western Nigeria are presented. The group comprised only 8.4% of the total population of the village studied, but its members constituted 37% of the persons with blindness and low vision and 27.9% of the persons with ocular abnormalities. Cataract was the commonest cause of blindness and low vision. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) and glaucoma were also important causes. Seven of the 208 members of the community aged above sixty years had demonstrable ARMD. This incidence is much higher than found in hospital studies performed earlier. The study demonstrates clearly the fact that blindness prevalence increases with age and highlights the causes of blindness and low vision in this population. An early, well-structured approach to age-related eye diseases is suggested, to prevent it from being a serious problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Eye don't know.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Prevention of visual loss. Screening in general practice.

BACKGROUND: Diseases such as primary open angle glaucoma, diabetes, strabismus and retinoblastoma have been found to have improved outcome by early investigations. Australian GPs are currently well placed to enhance their role in preventable blindness. OBJECTIVE: To identify key clinical target areas for the prevention of visual loss and discuss opportunities to address these in everyday general practice. DISCUSSION: Undertaking visual assessment in both children and adults can have benefits in reducing the incidence of preventable blindness in the community. Upskilling and having protocols to work to can enhance the GP's ability to offer this preventive service.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Age related macular degeneration as a cause of blindness].

PURPOSE: To present our studies concerning the causes of blindness in age-related macular degeneration, including the relationship with risk factors for this disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total number of 158 eyes with AMD in 99 patients were examined. Among them there were 21 cases with visual acuity 0.1 or less in the better eye. This group of patients underwent a detailed analysis in order to determine the factors responsible for visual impairment in comparison to the patients with better visual function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Blindness is connected mostly with exudative AMD. There are no significant differences in prevalence of risk factors for AMD between the group of patients with visual loss and that of patients with visual acuity above 0.1. The majority of patients referred to the ophthalmologist too late and on account of that is should be necessary to perform prophylactic examinations of the people above sixty.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Prevalences of ocular conditions among Hispanic, white, Asian, and black immigrant students examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic.

BACKGROUND: First-and second-generation immigrant children are the fastest-growing component of the U.S. population under 15 years of age. Prevalences of ocular conditions in first-generation immigrant children are described, stratified by ethnicity and sex, and compared to previous UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic (MEC) studies and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. METHODS: Clinical data from 2,229 newly immigrated students, ages 8 to 16 years of age, examined by the UCLA Mobile Eye Clinic from 1990-1996, were analyzed by chi-squares test. RESULTS: Females have significantly higher prevalences of astigmatism (p = 0.003) and myopia (p = 0.001) than males. Asians have significantly higher prevalences of myopia (p < 0.001) and visual acuity worse than 20/40 without correction (p < 0.001) than Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS: Overall ocular health of this sample is very close to that of age-matched U.S. children, but with markedly lower prevalences of extraocular muscle imbalance and color vision deficiencies. Examiners should be aware of the higher rate of astigmatism and myopia in first-generation female immigrants, as well as the higher prevalence of myopia among Asians.

Adolescent↗